1 betray vt.背叛, 出賣, 告密, 陷害(朋友等)；辜負(fù), 不忠于；泄漏(秘密)
不自覺地露出, 暴露, 表現(xiàn)
betray one's country to the enemy賣國, 做賣國賊
Don't betray the people's trust in you.不要辜負(fù)人民對你的信任。
She was betrayed into a snare.她被誘入陷阱。
Confusion betrays the guilty.慌張顯出有罪, 神色慌張必有鬼。
習(xí)慣用語：betray oneself
露出本來面目; 原形畢露
2 fun n.玩笑, 嬉戲; 娛樂, 樂趣；有趣的人[事物]；具有興趣的或緊張的場面
be fond of fun愛鬧著玩
be full of fun很好玩; 極有趣
Her baby is great fun.她的嬰兒很好玩。
I dont see the fun of doing that.我并不覺得那樣做有甚么好玩的。
習(xí)慣用語：for fun開玩笑, 不是認(rèn)真的
for the fun of it為了取樂[好玩, 消遣]
great fun有趣的人[事物]
have fun (=do a bit of fun)作樂, 玩樂;
make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑
What fun !多么有趣。
3 mark n.斑點(diǎn)；疤痕；
You have a dirty mark on your face.你臉上有個臟點(diǎn)。
痕跡；標(biāo)志
It is dangerous to swim beyond this mark.游泳超出這個標(biāo)志是危險的。
分?jǐn)?shù)；點(diǎn)數(shù)
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他漢語考了90分。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.老師給了我的故事以好的評分。
(give sb.) full marks for (doing) sth.贊許；佩服
記號; 符號
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那個句末劃一個問號。
目標(biāo); 靶子
He fired but missed the mark.他開槍射擊卻沒擊中目標(biāo)。
比較：sign
身勢，姿勢；
He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟著他（走）。
告示；標(biāo)語； 牌示，牌子
The sign by the road said ‘No Parking'.路邊的牌子上寫著“禁止停車”。
跡象；征兆；征候
There are no signs of life about the house.這房子沒有有人住的跡象。
signal
（為了警告、命令或報信而發(fā) 出的）信號，暗號
The railway signal showed that the train could pass.鐵路的信號標(biāo)志顯示火車可以通過。
〈鐵路〉信號燈交通管理色燈，紅綠燈；（無線電或電視）訊號，圖像
4 ashamed adj
.羞愧的； 慚愧的
I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed (of myself) now.我昨天表現(xiàn)不好，我現(xiàn)在感到很慚愧。
恥于…的；不好意思…的
She was ashamed to ask such a simple question.她不好意思提這么簡單的問題。
習(xí)慣用語：be ashamed of以為...是恥辱
be ashamed of oneself for害羞, 為...而害羞
feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth.以干...為恥
5 sure adj.
（常與of, that連用）確信的；肯定的
I am sure that I put the money in the box.我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。
Please make sure that the house is locked before you leave.請你確信是鎖上房間后才離開的。
I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan.我還無法確定他們的那個計劃的可行性如何。
（與to連用）一定的；必定的
We are sure to benefit from the new timetable.
我們肯定會得益于新的作息時間表。
There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house finds the window's broken.
房子的主人發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子被人打破時準(zhǔn)會大吵大鬧的。
Be sure not to forget it.千萬不要忘記呀。
習(xí)慣用語：for sure Certainly; unquestionably:確切地；毫無疑問地：
We'll win for sure.我們肯定會獲勝
make sure
To establish something without doubt; make certain:弄清楚；確保：
Make sure he writes it down.讓他一定記下來
to be sure Indeed; certainly.確實；當(dāng)然
Sure certain confident辨析
意思都含"確信的"。
sure強(qiáng)調(diào)"主觀上確信無疑的"
如:I'm sure you don't mean it.我相信你是無意的。
certain指"有充分根據(jù)或理由而相信的",
如:This letter made me certain of his innocence.這封信使我相信他是無罪的。
confident 強(qiáng)調(diào)"對某人[物]堅信的或滿懷信心的",
如:He's confident he will win.他深信他會贏。
6習(xí)慣用語：be determined to do sth.決心做某事
determine on決定
determine sb. against sth.使 某人決定不做某事
determine sb. to do sth.使某人決定做某事
習(xí)題1 。I have determined on [upon] going to the countryside after graduation.
我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村去。
2 He determined to go [that he (should) go] at once.他決心立刻就走。
3 His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more.他的勸告使我決定不再抽煙喝酒了。
4 He has not determined what he will study.他還沒有決定學(xué)什么。
7 admit vt., vi. -tt-
許可進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
This ticket admits two people to the football match.這張票可供兩人入場看足球賽。
容納, 容許
The cinema admits about 2000 people.這座電影院大約可坐 2000 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.這些規(guī)章制度不容許有其他解釋。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)
He admitted his crime.他招認(rèn)了罪行。
He never admits that he is wrong.他從不承認(rèn)自己錯了。
John has admitted breaking the window.約翰已承認(rèn)打碎了窗子。
習(xí)慣用語：admit of容許有; 有...可能; 容有...的余地
admit sb. to接納某人進(jìn)入...; 吸收某人參加...
例 admit sb. into the university獲準(zhǔn)入大學(xué)
admit acknowledge confess辨析
意都含“承認(rèn)”的意思。
admit 通常指因外界壓力、良心或判斷而承認(rèn)某事的存在或真實性, 含“不情愿”之意, 如:
I admit that she is right.我承認(rèn)她是對的。
acknowledge 指“公開承認(rèn)”, 常用于過去隱瞞或否認(rèn)之事,如:
With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error.在這么多的證據(jù)面前, 他不得不承認(rèn)錯誤。
confess 著重承認(rèn)自己的過錯或罪惡, 因此有“懺悔”、“坦白”的含意, 如:
He has confessed his crime.他承認(rèn)了自己的罪行(含坦白之意
8 word
have a word with sb.和某人談一兩句話, 和某人談?wù)?/p>
have no words for sth.難以用言語形容某事
have words with和...爭論[爭吵]
in a \one word一句話, 總而言之
in other words換句話說, 也就是說
in word口頭上
beyond words無法用語言表達(dá)
break one's word食言, 失信
keep one's word守信用, 履行諾言
eat one's words (被迫)收回前言, 承認(rèn)說錯
get word獲得消息, 聽說, 得知 \ leave word留言, 留下字條或口信
word for word逐詞地；原原本本地
Tell me what she said, word for word.把她說的一五一十地告訴我。
9 forgive原諒, 饒恕; 寬恕
Please forgive me for being late. 請原諒我來晚了。
Please forgive me -- I didn't mean to be rude.請原諒我，我不是有意無禮的。
I'll never forgive you for what you have done wrong to your parents."你傷害了你的父母,我永遠(yuǎn)也不會原諒你。"
免除(債務(wù)等); 赦免
forgive sb. his debts
10 sense
un.意思，意義
There's no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小時是不合理的
感覺；知覺；感知
He has a good sense of smell.他的嗅覺很靈敏。
a sense of sight [hearing, smell, taste, touch]視覺[聽覺, 嗅覺, 味覺, 觸覺]
a sense of humour幽默感
a sense of duty責(zé)任感
the sense of locality [direction] 對方位[向]的識別力
理解力；鑒賞力；辨識力
A driver has a good sense / bump of locality.司機(jī)對于方位有很強(qiáng)的辨識力。
常用a man of sense有理智的人
common sense常識[理]
good sense通情達(dá)理
Sense v. To become aware of; perceive.感覺意識到；感覺
To grasp; understand.理解；領(lǐng)會
例 He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome.他覺得他的建議不受歡迎。
習(xí)慣用語：in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來說
in no sense決不是, 決非
in some sense在某種意義上
out of one's (right) sense失常, 失去理智, 神經(jīng)錯亂
make sense有 意義；意思清楚；有道理
make sense of理解；懂；明白
there is no [some] sense in doing...做...是沒有[有一些]道理的[意義的]
11 apologize to sb.向某人道歉
apologize to sb. for sth.向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉
apologize to sb. for doing sth.向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉
apologize for oneself為自已解辯或辯護(hù)
例 I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。
I apologized to the chairman for being late.我因遲到向會議主席道歉。
Apology
offer an apology to sb. for sth.為某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth.為某事向某人道歉
offer one's apology to sb. for sth.為某事向某人道歉
make one's apology to sb. for sth.為某事向某人道歉
12 bitter adj.(藥等)苦味的, 苦澀的；辛酸的, 悲慘的；懷恨的; 抱怨的; 譏諷的
強(qiáng)烈的, 厲害的, 刺骨的, 嚴(yán)酷的
a bitter taste苦味 a bitter smile苦笑 bitter tears辛酸的眼淚 bitter remarks刻薄話, 惡毒的話 bitter discipline嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練 a bitter argument激烈的爭論
adv. 非常, 劇烈, 厲害
a bitter cold night 嚴(yán)寒的一個夜晚
be bitter against強(qiáng)烈反對
13 fault n.
過失，過錯
Who broke the cup? It's my fault, I dropped it.誰把杯子摔了？這是我的過錯，我摔的。
That's no fault of his.這不是他的過錯。
"The fault lies with me, not with you.""這是我的責(zé)任,不是你的責(zé)任。"
缺點(diǎn)；瑕疵
"There seems to be some fault in the computer, and we're just looking into it.""這臺電腦好象有點(diǎn)毛病,我們正在檢查原因。"
Your only fault is carelessness.你惟一的缺點(diǎn)是粗心大意。
習(xí)慣用語：at fault Deserving of blame; guilty:該受責(zé)備的；有罪的； 感到困惑; 不知所措
admitted to being at fault.承認(rèn)有罪
find fault To seek, find, and complain about faults;挑錯，找錯尋找、發(fā)現(xiàn)和抱怨錯處；批評：
found fault with his speech.挑他演講的錯
error mistake辨析
都含“錯誤”的意思。
error 強(qiáng)調(diào)“違反某一既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 不經(jīng)心而做了錯事, 產(chǎn)生偏差、疏忽或行動上的錯誤”, 如:
an error in judgement 判斷上的錯誤。
mistake 指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、認(rèn)識或判斷上的不正確而造成行動或看法上的錯誤, 有時這種錯誤是無意的”, 如:
I used your pen by mistake.我錯拿了你的鋼筆。
14 stare凝視，注視
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯著這個單詞，努力想記起它的意思
習(xí)慣用語：stare at 盯著看, 凝視
stare sb. down [out] 盯得人局促不安
stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人
15 blame n.過失, 責(zé)備
vt.責(zé)備, 譴責(zé)
The company is ready to take the blame for what had happened.公司準(zhǔn)備對已發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
The children were not to blame.孩子們不應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪司機(jī)。
習(xí)慣用語：blame sb. for sth.因某事責(zé)備某人
blame sth. on sb.把...怪到...頭上; 把某事的責(zé)任歸咎于某人[事]
take the blame for…負(fù)過失的責(zé)任
be to blame for….應(yīng)該受責(zé)
16 jealous adj.
嫉妒的；妒忌的
Sarah is Jane's friend but she is jealous if Jane plays with other girls.
薩拉是簡的朋友，但是如果簡和別的女孩子一起玩時，她就很嫉妒。
He is jealous of their success.他妒忌他們的成就。
（常與of連用）妒羨的；羨慕的
She is jealous of our success.她嫉妒我們的成就。
I was jealous of Sarah when she got her new bicycle.薩拉有了一輛新的自行車，我很羨慕她。
17 guilty adj.-ier, -iest
犯罪的；有罪的
to be guilty of a crime犯了罪 \guilty of cheating; the guilty party.犯詐騙罪；犯罪一方
內(nèi)疚的；自覺有罪的
guilty look內(nèi)疚的神色 to be guilty of 對…內(nèi)疚的
習(xí)慣用語：be found guilty被判決有罪
be guilty of a crime犯了罪
bring sb. in guilty(陪審團(tuán))判定(某人)有罪
18 discourage vt. -aged, -aging
使喪失勇氣；使氣餒； 使沮喪
Don't let one failure discourage you, try again.不要因為一次失敗就氣餒，再試一試看。
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged.""如果你學(xué)習(xí)中遇到什么困難,不要灰心。"
試圖阻止；阻攔；勸阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.學(xué)校老師不贊成吸煙。
His parents discouraged him from joining the airforce.他的父母親勸他不要參加空軍。
習(xí)慣用語：discourage from阻止[妨礙, 不鼓勵]做...; 使失信心
19 doubt
n.懷疑；疑慮；未確定
There is no doubt that he is guilty.
毫無疑問，他是有罪的。
I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.
我懷疑他是否做這項工作的最好人選。
vt. 懷疑; 不信; 拿不準(zhǔn)(后接名詞從句時, 疑問句和否定句用連詞 that, but, but that, 肯定句一般用連接詞 whether, if, what, when 等, 如肯定句用 that, 往往表示非常懷疑)
I doubt the truth of it. 我懷疑它的真實性。
I doubt that he will come.我看他不見得會來。
I doubt whether [if] he is at home.我看他不一定在家。
I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it.我相信他能把它背下來。
I doubt what he said.我不相信他說的話。
習(xí)慣用語：beyond doubt[常作插入語]毫無疑問
without doubt 必定；無疑
throw doubt on對...產(chǎn)生懷疑, 使人對...產(chǎn)生懷疑
20 ruin
n.衰��；毀滅；瓦解；fall into ruin破敗不堪
[pl. ]廢墟, 遺跡;We saw the ruins of the church.我們看見了這座教堂的廢墟。
破產(chǎn) the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破滅
vt.使破產(chǎn); 使墮落;破壞, 毀滅；使成廢墟
ruin one's hopes使希望破滅
The storm ruined the crops.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。
習(xí)慣用語：be the ruin of成為...毀滅[墮落]的原因
bring sb. to ruin使某人失敗; 使傾家蕩產(chǎn)
bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡
go\ fall \come to ruin毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰; 破壞掉
in ruins成為廢墟
ruin oneself毀掉自己
21 anxious
adj. 憂慮的；焦慮的， 不安的
We are all anxious about/for his safety.我們都為他的安全而憂慮。
渴望的
We are anxious that he (should) do his bit.我們非常希望他能盡到自己的本分。
She was anxious to please the smart kid.她很想討好那瀟灑的小伙子。
He is anxious to enter for the competition.他很想去參加比賽
習(xí)慣用語：be anxious about憂慮, 擔(dān)心, 害怕(結(jié)果)
anxious for sth.渴望有(得到)
辨析Eager anxious
eager指“以巨大的熱情渴望實現(xiàn)愿望或達(dá)到目的的”, 有時也指“由于其他感情影響而表現(xiàn)急不可耐的”, 如:
He was eager to see her.他渴望見到她。
意思都含“渴望的”。anxious 指“熱切地希望實現(xiàn)愿望,并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦慮的”, 如:
l'm anxious to know the final result.我急于想知道最后的結(jié)果。
22 suffer
vt.遭[蒙, 經(jīng)]受；忍受, 忍耐
suffer pain受痛苦 suffer hunger挨餓
I will not suffer such conduct.我不能容忍這種行為。
She could not suffer criticism.她受不了批評。
I can not suffer you to be idle.我不能讓你偷懶。
Suffer vi.
受苦[難] 患病(from)
suffer from cold and hunger饑寒交迫
suffer from floods遭受水災(zāi)
His business suffered greatly during the war.他的生意在戰(zhàn)爭中蒙受了重大損失。
The child suffers from measles.這小孩得了麻疹。
23 absorb vt.
吸收（液體）；承受；承擔(dān)
We will not absorb these charges. 我們不能承擔(dān)這些費(fèi)用。
吸取（知識）；占有
This job absorbs all of my time.這件工作占有了我的全部時間。
吸引；使專心；使全神貫注
to absorb in study專心研讀
The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
作家全神貫注地進(jìn)行寫作,忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰。
并吞；兼并
to absorb the small states兼并小國
習(xí)慣用語： be absorbed by被...吞并, 為...所吸收
be absorbed in全神貫注在..., 一心從事, 熱衷于
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
24consistent adj. 一致的, 一貫的， 始終如一的（常與with連用）與…一致的
This statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterday's meeting.
這個說法與你昨天會上的發(fā)言不相符。
be a consistent friend to sb.是某人的忠實朋友
25 base vt. based, basing
（與on, upon連用）根據(jù)；基于
Advertisements based on these facts have been printed in newspapers and magazines but have not helped much.根據(jù)這些情況擬定的廣告詞登載在報紙和雜志上,但是效果不大。
This news report is based entirely on fact.這篇新聞報導(dǎo)是完全根據(jù)實際情況寫成的。
Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.
判斷應(yīng)該以事實為依據(jù),而不應(yīng)該依靠道聽途說。
One should always base one's opinions on facts.意見應(yīng)以事實為根據(jù)。
26 variety n.-ties
種種；各類
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.這個購物中心出售許多種商品。
At school we learn a variety of things.在學(xué)校我們學(xué)習(xí)各種東西。
（與of連用）變種
new varieties of wheat小麥的新品種
習(xí)慣用語：a (considerable, great, wide)variety of各種各樣的, 品類繁多的
for a variety of reasons因種種理由
27 hesitate vi.
躊躇; 遲疑.猶豫；不欲, 不愿
hesitate at nothing毫不猶豫地做某事
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么東西, 請不客氣地對我說。
He who hesitates is lost.[諺]當(dāng)斷不斷, 必受其患。
"Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window."
"盡管她遲疑了片刻,但最后還是進(jìn)了店,并且要求給她拿一件陳列在櫥窗里的衣服看看。"
She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter.
這兩件短恤衫她拿不定主意究競挑哪一件給她女兒。
28 get on相處融洽
繼續(xù) Get on with your work!繼續(xù)工作吧。
成功to get on in one's job在事業(yè)上取得成功
上車[馬]; 穿[安]上
過日子, 生活(情況)
get over
做完；結(jié)束；熬過
You'll be glad to get your operation over.手術(shù)做完了你一定會高興的。
痊愈，康復(fù)
It took me a long time to get over my cold.我的感冒過了很久才好。
克服
Can we get over this difficulty?我們能克服這個困難嗎？
get through
接通（電話）
辦完；完成；了結(jié)
（使議案在議會）通過
29embarrass vt.
使窘迫, 使困惑, 使為難
使(問題)復(fù)雜化
be [feel] embarrassed局促不安
The decline of sales embarrassed the company.銷路下降使公司陷于財政困難。
Embarrassed by his heavy luggage, he could not walk fast.由于受到重行李的拖累, 他走不快。
習(xí)慣用語：embarrass sb with sth
embarrass sb by doing sth 通過做。。。使某人窘迫
30 attitude n.
態(tài)度
People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.人們對這些摩天大樓的態(tài)度很不相同。
看法；意見
What's the authorities' attitude towards this discord?當(dāng)局對這次爭端有什么看法?。
31 regardless
adj.（與of連用）不管…的；不顧…的
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的情緒。
adv.無論如何；不管；不顧
I must make the decision regardless.不管怎樣我得做決定。
32 lie with
To be decided by, dependent on, or up to:由…決定，取決于，視…而定：
The choice lies with you. 你來做出選擇
語法 不定式 動名詞（略）