高考閱讀理解的測試在最近十年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。篇幅上從四篇短文發(fā)展到五篇短文，短文詞量和試題詞量的和達(dá)到了2000－2300；閱讀時(shí)間自2000 年以來從原來的50分鐘縮短到了35 分鐘。無論從閱讀量的增加，閱讀速度的提高還是分?jǐn)?shù)比例的重大，這幾方面都體現(xiàn)出高考對閱讀能力的重視。“側(cè)重提高閱讀能力”已經(jīng)成為英語教學(xué)的重中之重。 但是無論是老師還是學(xué)生都過于強(qiáng)調(diào)從正面培養(yǎng)閱讀技巧，而忽視了從反方向?qū)徱曢喿x。針對這種情況，筆者總結(jié)了閱讀理解題的六大注意事項(xiàng)，僅供參考。
I 忌審題不認(rèn)真，張冠李戴
例1： NMET 2001 B
Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo .Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel ,the world’s first igloo hotel .Built in a small town in Lapland ,it has been attracting lots of visitors ,but soon the fun will be over .
In two weeks’ time Bergqvist’s creation (作品) will be nothing more than a pool of water . “ We don’t see it as a big problem ,” he says . “ We just look forward to replacing it .”
Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition . It was so successful that he designed the present one ,which measures roughly 200 square metres . Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze , the base was removed . “ The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door , “ he says . After their stay , all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success . With no windows , nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0° C , it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing (輕松的) hotel break . “ It’s great fun , “ Bergqvist explains , “ as well as a good start in survival training . “
1 Bergqvist designed and built the world’s first hotel because ______ .
A he believed people would enjoy trying something new
B he wanted to make a name for the small town
C an art exhibition was about to open
D more hotel rooms were needed
答案： A 答案的出處在文章第一段的前兩句。但是很多考生選擇 C ,錯(cuò)誤答案出自于第三段的第一句。 錯(cuò)誤的原因是典型的張冠李戴：把題干中的first hotel 錯(cuò)看成了first igloo .
例2 ： NMET2003 C
Tales From Animal Hospital
David Gram
David Gram has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Gram tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery(外科手術(shù)). Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!
￡14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
63．What is Animal Hospital?
A A news story.．B A popular book. C．A research report. D A TV programme.
答案： D 答案的出處在文章的第一句和最后一句。關(guān)鍵詞是 a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital和all fans of the programme .但很多同學(xué)選擇B ，因?yàn)樗?Animal Hospital看成了Tales From Animal Hospital.
II忌斷章取義
例1： NMET2001 B （原文參照第一部分）
63. Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the igloo hotel as described in the text?
答案： A 但是很多學(xué)生選C , 因?yàn)椤皐hen the snow froze , the base was removed”這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)被漏過去了。
III 忌忽視文體的特征
1 新聞體或通知：新聞或通知的主題一般在第一段或前兩段中，因此如果要選擇文章的title ,purpose ,main idea 一般到第一段或前兩段中去找。（由于篇幅所限，以下高考題原文省略）
例1： NMET95 E
1．The main purpose of this announcement is to .
A tell students of important schedule changes
B tell students of new bus and library services
C show the excellent services for students
D ask students to renew their library cards
答案: A 本文是一篇announcement , 此題的答案出自于文章的第一句。
例2： NMET97 A
51．This news story is mainly about _______ .
A when the contest started B how the contest got its name
C the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D the 5th national Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
答案：D 出處在第一段，且D答案包含A B C 三項(xiàng)。
2幽默體:幽默點(diǎn)通常在文章的結(jié)尾。幽默的寫作目的就是講一個(gè)笑話，讓大家笑笑而已，沒有什么深刻的道理。
例1 ： MET92 B
5．The writer tells this story to______.
A show the dangerous side of the astronauts’ life
B show the funny side of the astronauts’ life
C make people laugh
D make people think
答案： C
例2： NMET2000 B
54．The writer’s purpose in writing this story is _______ .
A to tell an interesting experience
B to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
答案：A
3廣告體 廣告體的標(biāo)志是：結(jié)尾一般有電話，傳真，e-mail等聯(lián)系方式，或在結(jié)尾標(biāo)明產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格，書號（ISBN）等。廣告的目的就是推銷產(chǎn)品，推銷服務(wù)，招聘或招生等。
例1： NMET2002 E
72．The main purpose of writing this text is __________ .
A to share information about party planning
B to introduce the joys of a birthday party
C to announce a business plan
D to sell a service
答案： D
例2： NMET2003 C
67．What is the purpose of writing these three texts ?
A To make the books easier to read
B To show the importance of science
C To introduce new authors
D To sell the books
答案：D
例3： NMET 2004 A
56. What is the purpose of the text ?
A To introduce a language school in Japan
B To hire language teachers to work in Japan
C To describe working conditions in Japan
D To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers
答案： B
IV忌主觀臆斷 有些學(xué)生不顧文章的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)生活常識，個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測作者的想法。
例1: NMET 2003 C
Isaac Newton: The Last sorcerer
Michael White
From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact. Michael White’s learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic(魔術(shù)) ended and science began.
￡18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857024168
64．In Michael White’s book, Newton is described as _________.
A．a(chǎn) person who did not look the same as in many pictures
B．a(chǎn) person who lived a colorful and meaningful life
C．a(chǎn) great but not perfect man
D．a(chǎn)n old-time magician
答案：C 但很多同學(xué)選擇B ，因?yàn)闆]有認(rèn)真閱讀原文而憑主觀臆斷,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為偉大的人物的生活就應(yīng)該是豐富多彩的。
V忌只看字面意義，誤解說話者或作者的真正語氣。例如：
例 1 ： MET90 B
4．What kind of man would you say the old man was ?
A He was silly
B he was unpleasant
C he was very proud and sure of his health
D He was very impolite to young people
這篇短文是一高壽老人在過完99歲生日時(shí)接受記者采訪時(shí)與記者的一段對話。我們從第二段老人的話，“沒錯(cuò)，99歲，這世界上我是一個(gè)敵人也沒有了，他們?nèi)懒恕！焙妥詈笠欢蔚脑挕拔也幻靼啄阍趺床荒軄硐蛭易ＹR百歲壽辰，你看起來身體挺棒嗎？”可以體會出老人對自己健康的自豪和自信。因此選C .很多學(xué)生只看字面意義，選擇了D。
例2： NMET97 A
53．It can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province _______.
A felt proud of the gold medal winners
B wondered if the students were honest
C thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
D believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
答案：A “許多題目是大學(xué)水平的。這些學(xué)生能算出來，真是難以想象！”這句話真切地體現(xiàn)出老師為學(xué)生自豪。但許多學(xué)生誤選C。
VI 忌深究生詞。很多學(xué)生在閱讀的過程中一碰到生詞就停下，非得弄清它的意思之后再繼續(xù)閱讀，這其實(shí)是個(gè)誤區(qū)。有些生詞對于理解文章的整體意義沒有大的妨礙，與文后的問題也無關(guān)，所以根本不必理會.
例1：NMET2003 B 第二句：
With their shining brown eyes ,wagging tails ,and unconditional love ,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心）,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City .
很多學(xué)生對這個(gè)長句不知所措,因?yàn)槔锩嫔~很多，包括：shining ,wagging ,unconditional ,nonjudgmental .實(shí)際上我們可以不考慮他們，而把這個(gè)長句化成只包含中心詞的短句： With their eyes ,tails and love, dogs can provide the listeners for a beginning reader to gain confidence. 用他們的眼睛，尾巴和愛，狗給初讀者提供了聽眾，以讓他們獲得信心。
河北省唐山市路南區(qū)第五高中
王金英
2005-4-3
郵編：063000
電話：13081193875