I. Teaching Goal
1. Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes.
3. Learn about word formation (1).
4. Write a persuasion essay.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following.
(1)New words
engineering, solar, significant, mankind, constitution
(2) Everyday English s
If I got the money，I would……
My plan is to……
I hope that……
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I'd like to……"
I'm thinking of……
2. Train the students' listening abilities.
3. Talk about science and scientific achievement, urging the students to further understand the significance of science and scientific achievement and encouraging them to work hard at their lessons.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Finish the task of listening to train the students' listening ability.
2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes to train the students' speaking ability.
Teaching Difficult Points;
1. How to help the students talk in English about science and scientific achievement freely.
2. How to help the students finish the tasks of listening and speaking smoothly.
Teaching Methods;
1. Listening and speaking to train the students' ability to use English.
2. Individual, pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures;
Step I Greetings and Lead-in
Greet the Ss. Then teacher turns on the multimedia. First, show the students a recorded programme in which the students can see the hard life people lived in the past. Then show them a programme in which people live a happy and modern life. After that, teacher asks some Ss up to describe what they saw in the programmes. Last, write the following on the boackboard.
(Bb: Unit 11 Scientific achievement)
First, let's learn some new words. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the screen and deals with them with the whole class.)
engineering／ / n.工程，工程學(xué)，設(shè)計(jì)，建造
solar / ／adj.太陽的，日光的
significant // adj.意義重大的，重要的；有意義的
mankind／/ n.人類
Neil Armstrong／ /尼爾 阿姆斯特朗（美國宇航員）
Alexander G Bell／bel / 亞歷山大貝爾（美國發(fā)明家）
Ray Tomlinson／ / 雷 湯姆林森（美國計(jì)算機(jī)工程師）
constitution / / n．憲法
:Aeureka /ju'ri:k/ interj. 我找到了！
Step II Warming up
Ask some Ss to tell us what scientific achievements they think have changed the world?
(Teacher writes all the scientific achievements mentioned above on the blackboard and says the following. )
Step III Listening
The listening material contains two parts. You are going to hear some words said by some famous people at the time when they achieved success.
Look at the chart in Exercise 1 at the top of Page 2 quickly. Then play the first part of the tape for the Ss to complete it. After that, check their answers. (After checking the answers to Exercise 1, teacher goes on to deal with Exercise 2)
Now, listen to Part 2 and complete the sentences in Exercise 2, If necessary, play it twice for Ss to finish or check their answers.
At last, teacher deals with Exercise 3.
Step V Summary and Homework
T. In this class, we've mainly talked about scientific achievement. Centering on this topic, we did some listening and speaking. This way, we've learnt more about science and scientific achievement. Moreover, we've learnt some useful expressions to express intentions and wishes, .such as "If I got the money, I would……; My plan is to…… (Teacher writes them on the blackboard. ) After class, try to practise using them and preview the reading part.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The First Period
I . Scientific achievement:
electricity, cars, aero planes, radio and television, the Internet, cloning, genetic engineering, the Theory of Gravity，nuclear science, solar energy
II. How to express intentions and wishes:
If I got the money, I would……
My plan is to……
I hope that……
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I'd like to……
I'm thinking of……
The Second Period
Speaking
Ss work in pairs and discuss their intentions and wishes..
The following structures are helpful to students:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
Here are four scientists who want to get money to complete their project. Each scientist will have to introduce his or her project and explain why it is the most important. Now, the teacher put the students in groups of five to have a discussion. Four group members represent scientists tone member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions. At the end of the discussion, he or she must decide who will get the money and why..
(Teacher and the students go through the expressions. After that, teacher puts the students in groups of five and gets them to prepare for a few minutes. At the end, teacher asks one or two groups to report their work to the rest of the class. )
A sample dialogue;
Organizer: Now, everybody is here. Who'd like to be the first to make a statement on this project? Dr Wilson: I and my team are working on a cure for AIDS. As you know, the number of people
infected with AIDS is keeping increasing at an astonishing speed. Some of them are facing death. As a result, we have to find a way to solve this problem as soon as possible. But, right now, the lack of money is a big problem. If we got enough money, we would complete the first stage of our project in the near future.
Organizer: I see. Dr Jones, how about you?
Dr Jones: At present, we are also facing the same problem of lacking money. My research project is about cloning and how to use new technology to cure disease. Today, more and more patients are expecting to get organ transplant in order to prolong their lives. I wish what I am doing could help them.
Organizer: I understand. Dr Smith, could you please give me your opinions on your project?
Dr Smith: For humankind on the earth, food is a fundamental factor, and as the population keeps growing, per capitation resource of people is becoming less and less. My plan is to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food with very little water. However, currently, the shortage of money prevents my work from further going. I hope you can give me a hand on my project,
Organizer: It sounds a good idea. Dr Winfrey, it's your turn now.
Dr Winfrey: It’s ceaseless for human beings to explore the universe. That's why we are urgent to know what the Mars looks like and if there is any life on it. I'm thinking of sending a manned spaceship to Mars. Nevertheless, this huge project will surely cost a large sum of money. And I don't think we can get to the aim without your support.
Organizer: So, everyone has finished their statements on their own project. Frankly speaking, they all sound tempting to me, but I'm more inclined to the project suggested by Dr Smith. From my point of view, it's more closely related to the daily life of people and in accord with the actual condition of our country. I'd like to pour money into his project.
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases.
likely, zone, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, set foot (in), rely on, failure，locate，valley
2. Train the students' reading ability.
3. Get the students to learn about Zhongguancun - China's Silicon Valley.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Learn to use the following:
(1) Phrases:
in store, set foot in(on), rely on, come to life, put forward
(2) Sentence patterns;
It is likely that……
……makes it clear that……
2. Improve the students' reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students understand the reading material exactly.
Teaching Methods;
1. Discussion before reading to make the students interested in what they will read.
2. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
3. Careful reading to get the detailed information.
4. Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class,
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures;
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision and Pre-reading
Yesterday, we talked about science and scientific achievement. We know scientific achievements can not only make our life better, but also change the world. Science makes the world become a smaller place. Science and scientific achievement promote the development of mankind and society. However, to achieve success in science research is not easy. It needs to work whole-heartedly. It also needs support and good environment. Now, please look at the questions on the screen and work in pairs or groups to discuss them. Let's go through them first. (Teacher shows the following on the screen. )
1. If you wanted to do research or start a company, what kind of support and environment would you need?
2. What is it that makes a scientific achievement important?
3. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?
Teacher shows the new words on the screen and deals with them as usual.
likely / / adj. 很可能的, 合適的, 可靠的, 有希望的
economic / / adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，有實(shí)用價(jià)值的
zone / / n．區(qū)；區(qū)域．地帶
hi-tech／‘haitek/ n．高科技，高技術(shù)（=high technology)
private／ / adj. 私立的；私人的；非公開的
technological / / adj.技術(shù)（學(xué)）的；工藝（學(xué)）的
overseas／ / adj.（在）海外的; (在）國外的
adv. 在海外；在國外
grasp / / vt．掀住。抓牢，理解
master／／n．碩士；（男）主人；能手
perfect／ / adj.完美的，理想的．絕對的
arrange／ / vt．安排書籌劃；整理；布置
set foot (in) 到達(dá)；進(jìn)人．踏上
IT /ai 'ti:/ abbr.（= information technology)信息技術(shù)．信息產(chǎn)業(yè)
Lenovo / li 'nuv / n．聯(lián)想公司：
Founder／ / n．方正公司：
rely / / vi．依靠;依賴; 信賴; 指望：
rely on依靠；依賴，信賴，指望
failure / / n．失敗，失敗的人（事）；
locate／ / vt．（常用被動語態(tài)）把……設(shè)置在．使……坐落于；指出……的位置：
silicon／ / n. 硅；
valley／ / n．低凹處（尤指波谷）; 山谷；溪谷
Step III Reading
Page 3, Read the passage-Zhong-guancun quickly in four minutes and find out the answers to the following two questions!
1. What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success?
2. What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park? (Teacher writes the two questions above on the blackboard. Four minutes later, teacher checks the answers. )
1. It is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that has made Zhongguancun a success.
2. One is "Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power." The other is “Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure.”
Work in pairs to finish the first exercise in Post-reading.
Suggested answers: l. ABC 2.D 3.CD 4. B 5.CD
Explain some phrases and sentences. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen and explains them to the students.)
1. in store (for sb. / sth. ) : coming in the future; about to happen
e. g. There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
2. set foot in /on sth. : enter or visit (a place) ; arrive
e. g. Don't ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
3. rely on/upon; depend on……
e. g. Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
You can rely on it that it will rain this week.
4. come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind
e. g. As soon as the mother came to life, she cried for her daughter.
After three hours' saving, the injured man came to life,
5. It is likely that--- (Note：likely→ probable)
e. g. It is very likely that she'll ring me tonight.
It isn't likely to rain.
She is very likely to ring me tonight.
6. ……make it clear that……
(Note: make→ cause to be or become……)
e. g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
Step IV Listening and Reading Aloud
Listen to the tape of the passage, paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation. Then read it aloud by themselves and try to understand the phrases and sentences learnt just now.
(Teacher begins to play the tape. )
Step V Summary and Homework
T: In this class, we've learned more about Zhongguancun by reading the passage. As a new center of science and technology, it is known to the world. It is said that it is called "China's Silicon Valley". After class, use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas. How are they similar or different? Besides, we've learnt some useful phrases and sentences. Remember to review the use of them.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Third Period
I, Zhongguancun
1. What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success?
2. What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park?
II. Phrases:
in store, set foot in/on, rely on/upon, come to life
III. Sentence patterns:
1. It is likely that…… :
2. ……make it clear that……
The Fourth Period
Language points.
1．constitution
1) 憲法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 體格，體質(zhì)He has a weak constitution
3) 構(gòu)造，構(gòu)成the constitution of starch (淀粉的構(gòu)成)
2．a(chǎn)chievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成績（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 達(dá)到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人類 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子氣概的；剛強(qiáng)的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（發(fā)生某種情況）Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 從句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible與probable
Likely 常用詞，指“從表面現(xiàn)象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件和方法，某事可能發(fā)生或做到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“客觀上有可能”，但“實(shí)際希望很小”。
Probable 語氣比possible 強(qiáng)，指“有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物，帶有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible與probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主語可以是人，而possible與probable的主語不能是人。
6．set up
1) 建立，成立 Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 樹立起來Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）從事某職業(yè)（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他開始經(jīng)營書籍。
set about doing sth 著手做 set out to do sth Set an example
set fire to 點(diǎn)火；放火Set off 出發(fā)，動身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；訪問
set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g. Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公開的
Private property Private school
a private door 便門in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公開地
8．grasp vt
1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 領(lǐng)會
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用單數(shù)) 緊握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量達(dá)不到 Grasp all, lose all. 樣樣都要，全數(shù)失掉。 Within sb’s grasp 力量達(dá)得到
9．Master n 碩士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大師
Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 無主的
Mastermind n 非常聰明的人 Masterkey n 萬能鑰匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家長
Master and man雇主與雇工 A master in literature 文學(xué)大師
Master of Arts (MA) 文學(xué)碩士 Master of Science (MS) 理學(xué)碩士
Bachelor 學(xué)士 doctor 博士
vt 掌握；精通；控制；統(tǒng)治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；絕對的；完全的；（動詞的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英語
11．a(chǎn)rrange
vt 安排，籌劃；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
n arrangement
(C pl) 安排；準(zhǔn)備工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 對……產(chǎn)生影響
Take effect 開始生效；開始實(shí)行
In effect = in fact 實(shí)際上
13. rely on / upon : depend on…依賴，依靠；信賴，信任
We should rely on our own efforts. 我們應(yīng)該自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以放心，她不會遲到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，講清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失敗(U)，失敗的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一個(gè)成功的藝術(shù)家，但是個(gè)成功的美術(shù)老師。
16．come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind蘇醒過來，恢復(fù)生氣，活躍起來
After three hours’ saving, the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
n 痕跡；符號；商標(biāo)；分?jǐn)?shù)；特征
an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作標(biāo)記
vt 做標(biāo)記；留痕跡于；表明；批分?jǐn)?shù)，評成績
a dirt road marked with footprints 留有腳印的泥路
be marked with 標(biāo)著……；(人、動物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的學(xué)生 an outstanding student
2) 未完結(jié)的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突圍；突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，成就
A military breakthrough 軍事突破A scientific breakthrough 科學(xué)成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng) vi 變強(qiáng)
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；風(fēng)琴；機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)關(guān)
The eyes are the organ of sight.
state organs
a government organ
adj organic 有機(jī)物的；有機(jī)體的
n organism (C)生物，有機(jī)體，有機(jī)組織
vt organize 組織
N organization 團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)，組織
22. put forward 提出（建議、意見）；推薦，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄準(zhǔn)；目的在于；企圖
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.
知識點(diǎn)講解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的隊(duì)員正在從事艾滋病的治療工作。
（1）work on “從事于（某項(xiàng)工作）”；“設(shè)法說服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night. 他們修這輛舊汽車一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你們在干什么呀？我們正在創(chuàng)作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能說服他改變主意嗎？
（2）work at “學(xué)習(xí)，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他們研究這門科學(xué)好多年了。
（3）work out 做出；算出；設(shè)計(jì)出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 這道題算不出來。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他們已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出一種向火星發(fā)射宇宙飛船的方法。
2．extremely adv. to a very high degree 極端地；極度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 這是一項(xiàng)極度困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作。
extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 極度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 極度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在極度痛苦中
3． cure (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治療；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六個(gè)月治療。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治療的藥物；治療法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今對癌癥有治療方法嗎？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 這藥可以治好你的頭痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息幾天你就痊愈了。
③（詞組） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉壞習(xí)慣 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到鄉(xiāng)下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的壞習(xí)慣。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在從事向火星發(fā)射載人宇宙飛船的工作。
（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飛船等）載人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft從無人向載人飛船的發(fā)展
（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 這是個(gè)人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我們發(fā)射了多少顆人造衛(wèi)星。
生詞和詞組
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能發(fā)生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win? 他有可能獲勝嗎？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的結(jié)果是不分勝負(fù)。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是個(gè)合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能會……
It’s likely that… 可能會（有，發(fā)生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不會成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能會遲到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱��；緊握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那個(gè)小男孩緊握住媽媽的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓緊繩子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 領(lǐng)悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我沒領(lǐng)悟老師的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 緊握；抓緊；領(lǐng)悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他沒有徹底理解這個(gè)問題。
(3)短語：beyond/within a person’s grasp 為某人所不能/能抓到的；為某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成為……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾氣/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困難的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟練 eg:
master English 精通英語 master foreign affairs 精通外交事務(wù)
He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他從未掌握當(dāng)眾演講的藝術(shù)。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船長
④male teacher 男教師 eg:
the master of the house 一家之長
the maths master 數(shù)學(xué)教師 a master’s degree 碩士學(xué)位
4．a(chǎn)rrange vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅長插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他離開之前，他把業(yè)務(wù)都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 預(yù)做計(jì)劃 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局為我們?nèi)チ_馬的旅行準(zhǔn)備了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 為……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母親替我向牙醫(yī)預(yù)約掛號。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她見面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 約定與某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我們約好和他們隊(duì)打一場棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. =
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把會議延后一周召開。
5． failure n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失��；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失敗的事例；失敗的人，企圖或失敗的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是個(gè)好老師。
Success came after many failures. 失敗多次之后終于成功。
6． locate vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地圖上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地點(diǎn)設(shè)置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 將設(shè)置在郊區(qū)的一所新學(xué)校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我們學(xué)校坐落于市中心。
(4)比較location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地點(diǎn)。
7． organ n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 動植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 語言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 組織，機(jī)構(gòu) eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 國會是政府的主要機(jī)關(guān)。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 風(fēng)琴
同、近義詞辨析
1．likely, possible 與probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有別。possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)；likely是從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來，但也不一定準(zhǔn)來。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能給我來電話。
（2）possible 不能用人做主語。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能這樣說嗎？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人做主語。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要來。
（4）likely 既可用人作主語，也可用物做主語。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come. 他可能要來。但不能說：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法與上述類似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 與snatch
catch是普通用語，用“設(shè)法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脫”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯動作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑時(shí)被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起槍就沖了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他從敵人士兵手中奪過了槍。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷搶走了她的手提包就跑了。
知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 無論中國將來會有什么樣的成就，其中許多可能就誕生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到來，必將發(fā)生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 誰知道我們將來注定如何？
（2）in store 也有儲存著，備用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名賽跑的人為最后沖刺貯存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中關(guān)村作為高新科技特區(qū)被創(chuàng)立并迅速成為中國高科技工業(yè)的先鋒。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作組調(diào)查此問題。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可寫成in the late 1990’s 二十世紀(jì)九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世紀(jì)八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技術(shù)
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 當(dāng)我獲得碩士學(xué)位時(shí)，我想回到家鄉(xiāng)，可是我沒能找到學(xué)有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。When I got my master’s degree 為時(shí)間狀語從句，修飾主句謂語動詞wanted。wanted和couldn’t find為并列謂語動詞，由并列連詞but連接。where I could use what I had learnt為定語從句，修飾先行詞company。what I had learnt 為賓語從句。
（2）a master’s degree 碩士學(xué)位 a doctor’s degree 博士學(xué)位a bachelor’s degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位
又如：Master of Arts 文學(xué)碩士 Doctor of Law 法學(xué)博士Bachelor of Science 理學(xué)學(xué)士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記當(dāng)再次踏上中國土地和我的朋友及親人團(tuán)聚時(shí)，那種感覺有多幸福。
（1）本句是復(fù)合句。How happy I was …為賓語從句。when I set foot in China again and was back with … 為時(shí)間狀語從句。
（2）set foot in/on 進(jìn)入，踏進(jìn) eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned.
她說直到這屋子收拾好了她才住進(jìn)去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 沒有人曾光顧過那個(gè)荒蕪的島。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科學(xué)，技術(shù)，知識發(fā)展經(jīng)�！�，它闡明了科學(xué)和商業(yè)能夠且必須結(jié)合在一起共創(chuàng)未來。
（1）此句為復(fù)合句。it為形式賓語，代表that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
（2）rely on/upon信賴，依賴 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的幫助是永遠(yuǎn)可依賴的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我會早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，講清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我講清楚了嗎？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他們想說明他們做著一項(xiàng)重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我們?yōu)樗羞@些在中關(guān)村富有活力的新技術(shù)和卓越的想法而感到激動。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 為定語從句，修飾先行詞ideas。
（2）come to life 蘇醒；恢復(fù)生氣 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life.
我們都以為他淹死了，但經(jīng)過一小時(shí)的人工呼吸后，他又蘇醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life.
當(dāng)我告訴學(xué)生們這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，他們都活躍起來了。
The Fifth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words: brand , luggage , achieve , organ
2. Review the words appearing in the last two periods.
3. Learn about Word Formation.
Teaching Important Points;
1. Learn some words which are closest in meaning,
2. Study the ways of forming a word.
3. Study the meaning of some affixes and stems.
Teaching Difficult Point;
How to help the students master some knowledge of Word Formation,
Teaching Methods;
1. Doing exercises to review the learnt words.
2. Studying and practising to master the ways of forming a word.
3. Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures :
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision
In the last period, we read the passage Zhongguancun and learned much about it. Now, who can tell me something about it? Get some Ss to try it.
Zhongguancun, in Beijing's Haidian District, is the new centre for Chinese science and technology. The centre itself got started in the early 1980s and was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s. Then it quickly became the leader of China's hi-tech industry. A growing number of overseas have returned to China and grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at Zhongguancun. Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science. Today, there are more than 8 000 hi-tech companies in Zhongguancun, more than half of which are IT companies. What has made Zhongguancun a success is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill.
We all know Zhongguancun is the leader of China's hi-tech industry as Silicon Valley in the USA. So sometimes it is called China's Silicon Valley. In the last class, I asked you to use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas. Now who'd like to tell us how similar or different they are?
Both Zhongguancun and Silicon Valley are home to Internet industry as well as hi-tech companies, most of which are founded by students, faculty and staff members from the surrounding universities. However* as a fledgling hi-tech community, Zhongguancun has many differences from Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley has evolved a culture that is tuned to market-driven innovation, while in Zhongguancun, innovation is still largely driven by technology. In addition, investors in Silicon Valley are frequently an integral parts of companies day-to-day operations. While in Zhongguancun. Investors has been used only as a source of financing.
Let's do an exercise.
Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Find the right explanation for each word.
1. zone 2. significant 3. institute 4. achievement 5. announce
6. grasp 7. giant 8. perfect
A. something you have worked hard for and done well
B. to say something in public
C. to take hold of something firmly
D. a group of people who want to study a special thing, or the building used by such a group
E. without any fault or bad points
F. large and important; having a special meaning
G. unusually large person, animal, plant, business organization, etc.
H. area or region with a particular feature or use
Suggested answers: l.-H 2.-F 3.-D 4.-A 5. -B 6.-C 7. -G 8. -E
Step III Word Study
Page 5. We'll deal with Word Study. First, Word Study. Then, Word Formation. Look at the exercise in Word Study now. Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. First, do it by yourself. Then check the answers with your partner. In the end, collect the right answers.
Suggested answers:
LA 2.B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C
Step IV Word Formation
Word formations
1. introduce the main ways of word formation: (the following may be of help during your teaching)
The main Processes of English Word-formation:
a. Prefixation: disagree, unimportant, non-smoker, minibus, overuse, antibiotics, underdeveloped, post-war, pre-school, renew, bimonthly, multi-racial;
b. Suffixation: percentage, girlhood, Londoner, hostess, employee, puzzlement, hopeless, changeable, talkative, deepen;
c. Conversion: desire-v. to long for, to wish/ n. strong longing, earnest wish; hit-v, to give a blow/ n. blow; They downed the tools.
d. Compounding: deadline, above-mentioned, chewing-gum, sun-bather, table talk, fathead, redcap, easygoing, sleep-walk,
The minor processes of English word-formation:
e. clipping or shortening: phone (for telephone), ad (for advertisement), prof (for professor), flu (for influenza), pub (for public house);
f. Acronyms(首字母縮略詞): UN, VIP, NATO,DA (Doctor of Arts) , H-bomb (Hydrogen bomb);
g. Blending: branch, motel, Eurasia,
h. Back-formation: to beg from beggar, to baby-sit from baby-sitter, to greed from greedy.
i .Forming new words by analogy:
Moonrise is derived from the word sunrise by analogy.
j. Onomatopoeia:
Bark, giggle, bang, murmur.
2. Ss study examples on p6 and see if they can tell the processes of the words.
Study Word Formation. First, look at the words on the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
international = inter-+ national
telephone = tele- + phone :
mankind = man+ kind
broadband= broad + band
extremely = extreme + ly
manned = man+ -ed
hi-tech= high + technology
e-school = electronic school
IT=information technology
CSA = Chinese Space Agency
The Ss are given two minutes to study the words and find out the ways of forming a word. Then ask some students to explain how they are formed.
Look at the stems and affixes on the screen. Match each of them with the right meaning on the
right.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
trans-
-graph
tele-
super-
co-
vis-
bio-
Sub-
-port- carry
see
below
life
together/with
more than usual
far
across
writing
The Ss are given two minutes to prepare. Then check your answers.
Suggested answers:
trans- = across tele- = far co- = together/with bio- = life vis- = see -graph= writing -port-= carry sub-= below super-=more than usual
Please look at the screen. Let's do another exercise.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Use context clues and what you know about word parts to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
1. ____ Many countries import most of the oil they use.
2. ____ He studied biophysics at college.
3. ____ It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.
4. ____ All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5. ____ My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a
superstar.
(Teacher asks some students to do it. One student, one sentence. )
Suggested answers :
1．進(jìn)口 2.生命物理 3.合作 4.運(yùn)輸 5.超級歌星
Step V Consolidation
Page 6 and look at Part 4. Read the news article and tell how the words in bold are formed. First, look at the given example to make sure you know how to do it. Then work in pairs to finish it. After a few minutes, check your answers.
Suggested answers
showcase= show+ case breakthrough= break + through
bioengineering = bio- + engineering outstanding = out + standing
enable= en- + able restore = re- + store
indirectly = indirect+-ly strengthen= strength+-en
Step VI Summary and Homework
T. Well. Let's see what we've learnt in this class. First, we've reviewed the words learnt in the last period. Then, we've learnt about Word Formation CD. We've learnt some ways of forming a word, such as derivation, compound and short form. This way, we know how to guess new words according to the meanings of the stems and affixes as well as the context clues. After class, please review what we've learnt in this class and preview the next part in this unit - Integrating Skills.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Third Period
Word Formation
Ways of forming a word
a. derivation: international, telephone, extremely, manned
b. compound: mankind, broadband
c. short form: hi-tech, e-school, IT, CSA
The Sixth Period
Teaching Aims;
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases:
boom, put forward, breakthrough, agency, announce, evolution, supercomputer
2. Train the students' integrating skills, especially reading and writing skills.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Help the students understand the passages exactly and master the following words and phrases: put forward, aim at, announce, map out
2. Learn to write a persuasion essay to train the students' writing ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students finish the task of writing.
Teaching Methods:
1. Fast and then careful reading to improve the students' reading ability.
2. Learning tips to help the students learn to write a persuasion essay.
3. Individual, pair or group work to make the students finish each task.
Teaching Aids:
1. the multimedia
2. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures-
Step I Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision and Lead-in
(Show the following on the screen. )
Study the sentences and guess the meaning of each underlined word. Explain how the word is formed.
1. The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.
2. She has written good essays before, but this one is substandard.
3. He is a kind of intellectual superman.
4. The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other).
5. Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil,
6. Have you read an e-book?
7. When did China join the WTO?
8. They helped us to map out a long-term plan.
Suggested answers
1. output = out+ put產(chǎn)量
2. substandard = sub-+ standard低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，不夠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的
3. superman = super-+ man超人
4. intercommunicate= inter- + communicate互相聯(lián)系
5. transplant=trans-+plant移植
6. e-book = electronic +book電子圖書
7. WTO＝World Trade Organization世貿(mào)組織
8. long-term=long + term長期的
Today, we've going to read about some scientific achievements in China. First，let's learn the new words.
(Teacher shows the screen and deals with the new words.)
boom /bu:m/.n. (經(jīng)濟(jì)、工商業(yè)的)繁榮（期），迅速發(fā)展期；（營業(yè)等的）激增，
put forward提出，建議；推薦’
△rejuvenate / / vt. 繁榮昌盛；使返老還童；使恢復(fù)（青春）活力，
breakthrough／/ n．（知識或技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的）重大突破；重大進(jìn)展（發(fā)現(xiàn)）
（軍事上的）突圍；
△impressive / / .adj. 激動人心的；感人的．給人深刻印象的：
agency／ / n.（行政或職能）機(jī)構(gòu)；代理機(jī)構(gòu)
announce／ / vt. 宣布．宣告
△genome／/ n:基因組；染色體組
△element／ / n．元素；要素，組成部分：
evolution, / / n．發(fā)展，展開：進(jìn)化
△byte /bait/，．［計(jì)〕字節(jié)．比特，
supercomputer / / n．超級計(jì)算機(jī)‘：
△humanoid／ / adj. 具有人的形狀或特點(diǎn)的；類人的。
Step III Reading
Page 7. Look at Reading and Writing. Read each passage quickly and find out the answers to the following two questions on the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
1. What plan has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs?
2. Which scientific fields are mentioned in the text?
( After a while, teacher checks the answers. )
1. The plan for "rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education".
2. Exploring space, genetic research, computer engineering and medical science.
(Teacher writes the answers above on the blackboard.)
Read the passages again carefully, trying to understand them more exactly and pay attention to some detailed information. After that, work in groups to complete the chart after the passages according to what is tearnt from the text. After four minutes, check answers.
Suggested answers:
Exploring space
Achievements: The Chinese space Agency has developed the highly successful Long March rocket series.
Importance: The rockets are used to prepare for the nation's first manned space flight.
Genetic research
Achievements: Chinese scientists have completed mapping out their part of the international human genetic project,
Importance; It has proved that Chinese scientists are among the world's best. It helps to solve the mysteries of life.
Computer engineering
Achievements: Chinese computer engineers have developed the supercomputer Shenwei.
Importance: The nation's first humanoid robot has been built.
Medical science
Achievements: Scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight cancer cells.
Importance: The breakthrough makes the cure of deadly disease possible.
(After that, teacher deals with the language points. )
Now, let's learn some useful words and expressions. Please look at the screen. (Teacher shows the following on the screen and gives brief explanations to make sure the students understand how to use them correctly.)
1. put forward: advance, propose or suggest sth. for discussion
e. g. He is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform.
2. aim at: intend or try to do sth.
e. g. We must aim at increasing exports.
3. announce : make (sth. ) known publicly
e. g. They announced their engagement to the family.
Have they announced when the race will begin?
4. map out: present sth. in detail
e. g. He mapped out his ideas on the news project.
Step IV Listening and Reading Aloud
Play the tape for the Ss to listen. The first time, listen and follow. The second time, listen and repeat.
(Teacher begins to play the tape. )
Step V Writing
Writing part. The Ss have been asked by the magazine Modern Science to help them choose the greatest scientific achievement ever. Write a short essay, telling them which achievement you
have chosen and explaining why you think that it is the most important. In order that they can write your essay better. They’d better read and study the tips at Page 8 carefully before writing.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Fourth Period
I . Areas
exploring space
genetic research
computer engineering
medical science
II. Words and phrases
put forward
aim at
announce
map out
The Seventh Period
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Zhongguancun Science Park is China's biggest science park with a high concentration of scientific and technological institutions and intellectual resources. Located in this area are 39 institutions of higher learning represented by Beijing University and Tsinghua University. There are 213 research institutions as exemplified by the institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and 37% of the academicians of both the CAS and CAE are living and working in this area. Each year, thousands of sophisticated research discoveries emerge in this area and pour out to all places throughout China. Many state-level laboratories and important engineering and technology centers are concentrated in this area too. Zhongguancun Science Park is the largest software development and production center in China.
Zhongguancun Science Park in fact is composed of five science zones like Haidian Zone, Fengtai Zone, Changping Zone, the Electronic City Zone and Yizhuang Zone. Some ten thousand new and hi-tech enterprises, such as Legend, Stone, Founder, Zhongguancun Science and Technology, Tsinghua Tongfang, Netease, are all doing their business at Zhongguancun. In addition, there are some 1500 R&D centers and hi-tech companies set up by or invested by renowned overseas transnational companies like IBM, Microsoft, Mitsubishi in this area as well as 40 overseas listed companies. At present Zhongguancun has become the most important growth point in the economic development of the capital which makes a contribution of 60% of the total industrial growth of the city. The business income generated from the industry, trade and technology of Zhongguancun Science Park in 2001 accounted for 18% of the total income of all the 53 national new and hi-tech parks.
In June 1999, the State Council of China officially approved the "Note of Request to Expedite the Building of Zhongguancun Science Park for the Purpose of Implementing the Strategy of Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education" by the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology and instructed the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology to speed up the construction process of Zhongguancun Science Park in order to build it into a comprehensive reform trial base for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the two essential changes, a model base of international technical innovation with competitiveness, an incubator and radiating center for its scientific and technological achievements with its footing in the capital city of Beijing but facing the whole country and a base for training innovators and a first-class science park in the world. This is the most important trans-century decision made by the central government after its decisions of establishing the Shenzhen Special Zone in 1980s and opening up Shanghai's Pudong area in 1990s.
Beijing People's Municipal Government promulgated "Regulations of the Zhongguancun Science Park" on January 1, 2001, which provides the legal basis and guideline for its future development. The Park is now moving on at vigorous strides in promoting technology innovation in accordance with the principle of "Bold innovation in the areas not banned by the law" with the ambition of achieving great changes every year and make the Park a first-rate science park in the world within 10 years.
Zhongguancun is indeed a place full of opportunities and challenges as well as bright hopes. All domestic and overseas companies and individuals are welcome to Zhongguancun for business development.