Language points
第一部分（課文Making the Team Work前面出現(xiàn)的）
1.criterion 復(fù)數(shù)criteria :標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：一種借以作出判斷或決定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或測試.
What criteria do you use to judge a good wine?你用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判斷酒的好壞？
Our proposal failed to meet the criteria established by the government so they gave us no money.
我們的建議不符合政府確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此他們不給我們錢。
In order to apply for this position, applicants MUST meet the following criteria.
要想申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位，申請(qǐng)者必須符合下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
criteria指用于檢測、評(píng)判質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不管是否成文 standard表示法定的,權(quán)威的度量貨質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2. Do you stick with your friends through thick and thin? What is the moment for you to pull out of a friendship?
▲stick with和某人在一起，支持某人，和某人保持聯(lián)系或繼續(xù)做某事
Stick with me and you’ll be all right.有事來找我，你就沒有問題了。
I’ll stick with your decision on this issue . 我支持你在這個(gè)問題上的決定。
I hope you’ll stick with this job until next year .我希望你做這項(xiàng)工作做到明年。
If you stick with it, your performance will gradually get better.
如果你堅(jiān)持不懈的話，你的能力就會(huì)漸漸增強(qiáng)的。
be stuck with [俚]被...纏住無法擺脫, 遇到困難無法進(jìn)行下去
We were stuck with relatives who came to stay unexpectedly. 我們不得不接待不期而至的親戚們. Will you help me with this mathematical problem I'm stuck with it.
這道數(shù)學(xué)題你能幫我一下嗎? 我怎么也解不出來。 復(fù)習(xí)：be in/out of contact with，keep track of/lose track of與……保持聯(lián)系/失去聯(lián)系
get in touch with/keep in touch with，stay in touch with和……保持聯(lián)系
contact sb和……聯(lián)系
make contact with the ship by radio用無線電與船聯(lián)系
▲through thick and thin 同甘共苦，共同分擔(dān)艱難困苦 She feels like a fool for sticking with her husband through thick and thin.
她覺得和丈夫一起吃苦受罪太傻了
The couple have gone through thick and thin for many years.這對(duì)夫婦同甘共苦了好多年。They stuck together through thick and thin.不管有什么艱難險(xiǎn)阻。他們都緊密團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。
▲pull out
（指車輛、船只等）駛出，（火車）駛離車站（反義詞組pull in）
The ship pulled out into the middle of the river.那只船劃到了河中央。
拉掉，拔掉，使分離
He pulled out a gun.他掏出一枝槍。
使……從……中退出（of）
The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.這個(gè)計(jì)劃耗資太大，我們只好退出。
The general pulled his troops out of the area.將軍把他的部隊(duì)從那個(gè)地區(qū)撤了出來。
He threatened to pull out of the common market.他威脅要退出共同市場。
out of喪失, 放棄
His family are living a poor life for his father has been out of work for months.
超出…之外 My watch is out of order.
3.Do you prefer doing things on your own or in group?
on one’s own=all on one’s own=alone
She lives on her own.她獨(dú)自過日子。
He can be left to work on his own.工作可交給他一人做。
Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own.
盡管他父親在公司里，但他那份工作卻是靠自己得到的。
4. The listening is a summary of research into the ways Chinese students in Auckland spend their leisure time.
Summary:概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day's events.他對(duì)一天的事件作了扼要的報(bào)告。
總結(jié),摘要,一覽[C] [(+of)]
He made a summary of the case.他為這個(gè)案件做了一個(gè)摘要。
leisure time(time free from work or other duties)=spare time
They’re seldom at leisure.他們難得清閑。
5. Percentage A small percentage of the workers are unskilled. 少數(shù)工人是非熟練工。Beijing's housing price growth was 0.7 percentage points lower than the national average in October.
……低了0.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
6.Having the reputation of being honest,responsible and reliable will make otherpeople trust you?
reputationThe products of Hongye Brand have been exported to many countries and areas for several years and have won a good reputation both at home and abroad.
紅葉牌產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)出口到好多國家和地區(qū)，在國內(nèi)外贏得了很好的聲譽(yù)。Shizhuang Middle School is a one with an excellent reputation.石莊中學(xué)是一所享有盛譽(yù)的學(xué)校。
a good/bad reputation as a doctor醫(yī)療信譽(yù)好/壞
have a reputation for laziness/for being lazy以懶惰而出名
she had a reputation for generosity 她以慷慨大方博得好評(píng)
ruin one’s reputation 毀了聲譽(yù)win a reputation獲得名聲
live up to one’s reputation不負(fù)盛名
7.Not only will these qualities make you rise in the eyes of others,you will also feel better about yourself.
in the eyes of sb：在某人的心目中，在某人看來
In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.在父親的眼里你仍是個(gè)孩子。
In the eyes of the law,she is guilty.從法律上說，她有罪。
復(fù)習(xí)：
Keep an eye on the baby.照看一下這個(gè)嬰兒。
I’ve lost my ring-Could you keep an eye out/keep an eye openfor it when you clean the room?
我的戒子不見了，你打掃房間時(shí)留點(diǎn)兒意好嗎？
catch sb.'s eye引起(某人)注目 clap eyes on看見；注視 run one's eyes over掃視，瀏覽 see eye to eye看法完全一致
fix one’s eyes on 盯住
People full of action and ideas are often the ones to bring new energy to the group,while people who are mainly listening and commenting are often the ones to keep an eye on procedures that must be followed.
那些富于實(shí)干和思路開闊的人常常是給小組帶來新的活力的人，而那些主要是傾聽和評(píng)論的人則常常是監(jiān)管工作流程的人。
8.suspect(P.93)
疑有,察覺
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)便逃跑了。
懷疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty. 我們不相信他們是誠實(shí)的。
懷疑(某人犯有過錯(cuò))[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected Bill of having done it. = The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。
復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)比：
The police accused him of murder.= The police charged him with murder.警方指控他謀殺。
The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。
猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they'll come.我想他們會(huì)來的。
n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
9.requirement(P.93) 要求，需要
If you have any requirements, ask me.如果你有什么要求，就向我提出來。
But a project team requires very different roles from those of a rugby team.(P.94.)
但是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目小組所要求的角色卻同橄欖球的角色大不相同。第二部分（課文Making the Team Work中出現(xiàn)的）
10.What if you feel comfortable doing a task by yourself?
假如你覺得一個(gè)人干工作還舒服些，那有怎么辦呢？
what if常用來引導(dǎo)問句, 表示 “倘若…將怎么樣? 即使…又有什么要緊?
What if he doesn’t come?如果他不來，將怎么樣呢？
What if they don’t agree with us? 如果他不同意我們的意見，那又怎么樣？
11.Especially at school,it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.
特別是在學(xué)校，有時(shí)我們感覺似乎是為了團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)而搞團(tuán)體活動(dòng)。
for the sake of 由于; 為了…的利益; 看在某人的份上
for one’s/sth’s sake 為了…, 看在…的份上
He bought a house in the country for the sake of his wife’s health.
為了妻子的身體他在鄉(xiāng)下買了一棟房子。
For goodness’ sake, will you stop that noise?看在上帝的份上，請(qǐng)你不要吵鬧了好嗎？
It is entirely for your own sake that I am speaking.完全是為了你我才這樣說的。
12.A team is group of individual people brought together in order to accomplish a task that cannot be efficiently or effectively completed by an member of the group alone.團(tuán)隊(duì)就是許多人組合起來完成一項(xiàng)組內(nèi)任何個(gè)人都不能高效或有效地完成的工作。
individual
Each individual boy in the class has his own personalities. 這個(gè)班上的每一個(gè)男孩都有自己的個(gè)性。
an individual style of speaking 獨(dú)特的談話風(fēng)格
She wears very individual dresses. 她的衣著非常獨(dú)特。
accomplish/complete/finish的區(qū)別
accomplish后面最常用的名詞是task（任務(wù)），aim（目的），jounery（旅程），voyage（海程）
The explorers accomplished the voyage in three weeks.探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)在三星期里完成了海程。（到達(dá)目的地）
complete比accomplish更具體。后面最常用建筑、工程、書籍等名詞作賓語（這些都不能用accomplish）
The building will be completed by the end of this month.這座樓將與月底結(jié)束。
finish和complete在許多情況可以通用，但是以下三點(diǎn)要注意：
①finish后面可接動(dòng)名詞族賓語，而complete則不能
He has finished speaking.他的話說完了。
②finish指消極的“完成”，如用完，吃完等；complete則指積極性的完成。因此“吃完飯”只能翻譯成：finish a meal。這個(gè)區(qū)別在下面的句子中非常明顯：
I have finished the book我已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。
I have completed the book我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。
③finish在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中可以有“全完了”，而complete則沒有此意義
Now that people are no longer superstitious,fortune-telling as a profession is finished.
現(xiàn)在的人都不迷信了，因此算命這一行就算完了。
13.The group may be temporary or stay together for a long period of time.
這個(gè)組合可能是臨時(shí)的，也可能是長期的。
temporary: not permanent
After over 24 hours of traveling, Team USA has settled into their temporary home in Mianyang City, China. 經(jīng)過24小時(shí)的旅途，美國隊(duì)在中國綿陽市的臨時(shí)居所住了下來。
14.In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.在運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)里，每一個(gè)隊(duì)員都有一個(gè)明確的任務(wù)，隊(duì)員們對(duì)自己的任務(wù)搞混了或不明確的情況很少。
uncertain 不確定的，不可預(yù)測的
It is uncertain that there's a cure for this illness at present. 現(xiàn)在這種病尚無確實(shí)可靠的療法。
復(fù)習(xí)sure和certain的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別：（供學(xué)生閱讀消化）英語中的sure和certain是近義形容詞，均有“肯定的；確信的；有把握的”的意思，它們的用法也大體相似，許多情況下可以通用，但它們之間也有一些差別。 相同點(diǎn)兩者都能用于“be sure/certain + about /of短語”句型中，表示“對(duì)（某事）有把握”。主語必須是人，about/of之后多跟名詞、代詞。 I am sure/certain of his returning. 我確信他會(huì)回來。
He is quite sure/certain of /about it. 他對(duì)這事很有把握。 兩者都能用于be sure/certain to do sth句型中，表示“一定會(huì)做某事”，主語可以是人，也可以是物。 Spring is sure/certain to follow winter. 冬天過后一定是春天。
They are sure/certain to come. 他們一定會(huì)來的。
兩者都能用于“be sure/certain +從句”句型中，表示“確信……”，主語只能是人，而不能是物。 Tom is sure/certain that I put the key on the table. 湯姆確信我把鑰匙放在桌子上了。
We are sure/certain that the book will be of great help to us.我們相信這本書對(duì)我們會(huì)有很大幫助。 兩者都能用于“make sure/certain +從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“確定；弄清楚”，主語只能是人。 You must make sure/certain when the bus will leave. 你必須弄清汽車何時(shí)出發(fā)。 He made sure/certain that he had turned off the gas. 他確信他關(guān)掉了煤氣。不同點(diǎn)
“I ' m sure…”與“I ' m certain…”均可譯為“我深信（確）信……”，但兩者的含義卻不同。前者表示一種主觀上的判斷或感覺，事實(shí)并不一定如此。后者強(qiáng)調(diào)的則是客觀事實(shí)，意為主語已經(jīng)知道后面的內(nèi)容是既定的事實(shí)。試比較下面一組句子：I'm sure he didn't steal it. He isn’t that kind of person. 我確信他沒偷，他不是那種人。
I'm certain he didn't break the cup.I broke it myself.
我敢肯定他沒有打碎那個(gè)茶杯，（因?yàn)椋┠莻�(gè)茶杯是我打碎的。 如果it作為形式主語代替從句時(shí)，則其后的表語用certain，而不能用sure。 It isn ' t certain whether he will give us a report next Monday.
下星期一他是否來為我們作報(bào)告還不能確定。 兩者在作定語時(shí)含義不同：sure意為“可靠的；無誤的”；而certain若修飾可數(shù)名詞，意為“某一；某些；某種；一些”，若修飾抽象名詞，表示程度，意為“有點(diǎn)；有些”。 The letter was sent by a sure hand. 信已由一位可靠的人寄出了。
He made a sure answer. 他回答得準(zhǔn)確無誤。
A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天有個(gè)人來找過我。 在祈使句中常用sure，不宜用certain。
Be sure and remember what I told you. 千萬要記住我對(duì)你講的話。
Be sure to write and tell me all the good news. 務(wù)必寫信告訴我所有的好消息。 口語中，sure常作副詞，用在肯定答語中替代surely，這時(shí)與of course，certainly意思相當(dāng)，而certain不可作副詞用。
-Would you please turn down the radio a little bit? 請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)音量擰小點(diǎn)，好嗎？
-Sure. 當(dāng)然可以。-Do you still remember our first fishing trip?
-I sure do. 你還記得我們第一次去釣魚嗎？當(dāng)然記得了。
小結(jié)不同點(diǎn)
sure certain
表示判斷 主觀上的 客觀上的
It作形式主語 不可用 可用
作定語的意義 可靠的；無誤的 某一；某些；某種；一些
在祈使句中 常用sure 不宜用certain
作副詞用 可以 不可
15.Roles of team members are accepted and there are no conflicts expectation and responsibilities attached to each role.他們的職責(zé)是經(jīng)過大家認(rèn)可的。對(duì)每個(gè)職責(zé)的期望值和責(zé)任新大家沒有異議。
復(fù)習(xí)：attach to
attach label to parcel 給包裹貼標(biāo)簽(Unit 5)
attachment附件
① 加入，參加
Pro. Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years.
史密斯教授在醫(yī)學(xué)院當(dāng)了兩年的客座教授。
② 加于…之上
No blame attaches to him for the accident. 這個(gè)事故他沒有受到責(zé)備。
We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.
我們要把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的工作放在第一位。
be attached to
認(rèn)為重要；特別喜愛
Do you attach any importance to what he said?你認(rèn)為他說的話重要嗎？
Mary was attached to her brother. 瑪麗很喜愛她的弟弟。
I am very attached to that old picture. 我很喜歡那幅舊畫。
③be attached to連在...上；附屬于
The hospital is attached to that university.這醫(yī)院附屬于那所大學(xué)
16.However,when forming teams to complete tasks at school,we are often hardly aware of this.
然而當(dāng)要組成團(tuán)隊(duì)來完成學(xué)校的任務(wù)時(shí)，我們常常意識(shí)不到這一點(diǎn)。
Many governments used ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.
許多政府部門也采用廣告作宣傳，以使人民了解社會(huì)問題和政府的政策。（Unit 5 Getting the message）
17.Group work shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different personalities.團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)向我們表明別人的角色是怎樣適應(yīng)小組目的的，同時(shí)還告訴我們要有耐心，并教給我們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)不同個(gè)性的人。
respond to響應(yīng), 作出反應(yīng)
They eagerly responded to the Party’s call and went to work in the border regions.
他們熱情響應(yīng)黨的號(hào)召，到邊疆工作去了。
They responded at once to the strike.他們對(duì)這次罷工立即作出了反應(yīng)。
復(fù)習(xí)下列詞組：
add up to 合計(jì)達(dá)
adapt to適應(yīng)
apply to對(duì)……適用
attend to照看，照料
belong to屬于
be suited to / for…適合于
cater to 投合，迎合（尤指不良的愿望、需要等）
compare …to…把..比作，把…與…相比
be devoted to 貢獻(xiàn)給，致力于
come to 蘇醒,復(fù)原,共計(jì),達(dá)到,歸結(jié)于,漸漸
contribute to貢獻(xiàn)給……，獻(xiàn)給……
devote one’s attention to 專心于
devote oneself/one’s life to 獻(xiàn)身于，致力于
do /cause damage to 損害
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于
do harm to (=do sb. harm) 有害于
do wrong to (=do sb. wrong) 冤枉某人
get close to 接近，靠近
get down to 認(rèn)真對(duì)待，靜下心來
go back to 追溯至
devote to獻(xiàn)身于，專心于
get used to/get accustomed to 習(xí)慣于
look forward to 盼望，期待
refer to 指，提及，參考，查閱
owe … to…把…歸功于，把…歸因于
put an end to 結(jié)束，終止，廢除
stick to 堅(jiān)持，忠于，粘到…上
see to 照顧，處理，注意
set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火燒毀
turn to 求助于, 變成；著手于
familiar to sb為…所熟悉(familiar with sth.對(duì)…熟悉)
come to an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議
come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
come to a decision 作出決定
come to an end 終止，結(jié)束
see to it that…照料，努力使，注意把
come to a stop 結(jié)束，停止，停頓，
come to an understanding 取得諒解
18.As with sports teams,group wok can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other,while the work division is clear and each member performs at the right level in the role that is most suitable to him or her.正如運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)一樣，小組活動(dòng)只有在組員們相互尊重、相互幫助和相互支持的情況下才能取得成功。與此同時(shí)，分工明確，而且每個(gè)成員都要能在他們最合適的角色上發(fā)揮出正常的水平。
division n.分開,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
編寫者都同意把教科書分成十二個(gè)單元。
分配,分派[U] [(+between/among)]
The thieves quarreled about the division of their stolen goods. 這些賊為分偷來的物品而爭吵。
除(法)[U]
The boy has learnt to do division.這個(gè)小男孩已學(xué)會(huì)做除法。
Thirty divided by three is a simple division.30除以3是一個(gè)非常簡單的除法。
as with 就…而言
As with the experienced participants, you will want to use test tasks that are as natural as possible 對(duì)于那些有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的參與者來講，你希望盡量采用比較自然的測試任務(wù)
表至于還可用：
as for
I enjoy going to the movie . but as for the theater, I prefer staying at home.我喜歡看電影，至于看戲，我寧愿呆在家里
as to
As to money , he is different 關(guān)于錢，他漠不關(guān)心
She was at a loss ( as to) how to explain it 她全然不知該如何說明這件事
19.Teams also need people to identify problems and others to suggest solutions.團(tuán)隊(duì)需要有人來判斷問題，還需要另外的人來提出解決問題的辦法。
20.In small teams,members may combine roles according to their personalities.在小型團(tuán)隊(duì)里，有的隊(duì)員根據(jù)其個(gè)人品質(zhì)可能身兼數(shù)職。
combine sth(with sth)
combine the work with pleasure將娛樂和工作結(jié)合起來
combine business with pleasure寓娛樂與工作之中
They combined their efforts to finish the work.他們結(jié)合彼此的力量來完成工作。
combine(against sth.)
The two parties combined against the government.兩黨聯(lián)合起來對(duì)抗政府。
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.
combination
The United States is a combination of 50 states.
She has/owns the right combination of beauty and talent to become a star.
她擁有成為明星兼?zhèn)涞拿烂埠筒湃A
21.Some are good at evaluating,while others are good at compromising in conflicts,and keeping peace and harmony in excited discussions.有的人善于評(píng)估，而另外一些人則善于在矛盾中作協(xié)調(diào)工作，在激烈的討論中保持平靜、和諧。
compromise妥協(xié),和解[C] [U] [(+between)]
I hope we shall come to a compromise.我希望我們能達(dá)成妥協(xié)。
妥協(xié)方案,折衷辦法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
這所房子的內(nèi)部裝飾是中西兩式的折衷物。22.Rules and regulations help teams function well,but we should always guard against making teams too bureaucratic.規(guī)章制度有利于團(tuán)隊(duì)功能的發(fā)揮，但是我們經(jīng)常應(yīng)該防止使團(tuán)隊(duì)過于官僚制度化。
guard against 對(duì)…提防
A helmet guards your head against/from injuries 頭盔可以保護(hù)你的頭免于受傷害
keep guard 守望，警戒 off one’s guard 不提防的，疏忽的
on one’s guard 看守的，警戒的 stand guard 站崗，放哨
23.Working in a team ,we have to take into account how each individual member works best.
take into account= take account of=take into consideration
復(fù)習(xí)（Unit 1）I bought the bike on account.我賒賬買了這輛自行車。
We could not go on account of the rain.因?yàn)橄掠晡覀儾荒苋ァ?/p>
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不論什么原因游客都不允許用東西喂動(dòng)物。
It is a matter of great account.這是一件重要的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我們必須把當(dāng)?shù)氐臈l件考慮進(jìn)去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我們必須考慮到國家的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
誰也說不清楚這些錢丟失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
煙民占世界總?cè)丝诘?0%。
She gave an account of what he saw in China. 他描述了他在中國看到的事情。The suspect couldn't account for his time that night. 嫌疑犯不能說明那天晚上他的時(shí)間安排
24.Some work best on tasks alone,while others work best in groups.有的人在單獨(dú)工作時(shí)干得很好，而另外一些人則在群體中干得好。
25.Knowing other people’s shortcoming can help us avoid embarrassing them.
了解別人的短處可以幫助我們不致使別人感到為難。
embarrasse vt.（常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（尤指在交際場合）使窘迫，使尷尬,使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Are you trying to embarrass me?你是想讓我難堪嗎？
She was embarrassed when they kept telling her how clever she was.
他們不停地說她聰明，令她感到不好意思。
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question.亞瑟似乎被這個(gè)問題弄得有些窘迫。
使負(fù)債;使拮據(jù)
A large family embarrassed him.他子女多,這使他經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)。
妨礙,阻礙
Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.穿著厚大衣妨礙了他的行動(dòng)。
embarrassing adj.令人困惑的，尷尬的
embarrassment n.［U］窘迫；［C］令人窘迫的人或事
He could not hide his embarrassment.他無法掩飾自己的窘迫。
That rude child is an embarrassment to her parents.那粗魯?shù)暮⒆幼屗改鸽y堪。
第三部分（課文Making the Team Work后出現(xiàn)的）
26.According to the author,some team members work best in tasks alone.Is this statement contradictory or not? (Post-reading)
contradictory adj 矛盾的，對(duì)立的
contradictory elements相互矛盾著的因素
contradiction ,n 矛盾
principal contradiction 主要矛盾
in contradiction with 與…矛盾，與…相抵觸
His words are in contradiction with his action他的言行矛盾=His words don’t agree with his action.
27.many people believe that life in mordern society is becoming more dangerous,but as a matter of fact violent crimes do not occur as often as newspapers suggest.(language practice)
as a matter of fact=in reality=in fact=actually
violent adj 猛烈的，劇烈的，暴力的，感情，語言等激昂的，激烈的
a violent storm 狂風(fēng)暴雨
a violent blow 猛烈一擊
He gave the man a violent blow 他給予那個(gè)人以猛烈一擊。
He was violent when he got drunk.他酒喝醉了就要使暴。
meet a violent death死于非命 in a violent temper大發(fā)脾氣
adv violently n violence
28.As a result of certain news in the media,several senior officials lost face and were forced to resign.
resign(language practice)
放棄，辭去
resign one’s right放棄某人的權(quán)利
resign one’s position as a secretary辭去秘書的職務(wù)
把…交給Resign sth/sb to/into sth
I resign my son to your care我委托你照顧我兒子
I was resigned to my fate我聽天由命
聽從，服從Resign oneself to
I resign myself to your guidance我聽從你的指導(dǎo)
使聽從,使順從 [(+to)]
He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate. 他聽天由命
29.Good teams require coach and ambitious people whose goal is to succeed. (language practice)
ambitious adj.有雄心的；雄心勃勃的；渴望
They are ambitious although they are poor.他們雖窮卻很有志氣。
Everyone is ambitious of success in life. 每個(gè)人都渴望在人生中能飛黃騰達(dá)。Paul is ambitious to get the position. 保羅渴望能得到這個(gè)職務(wù)。
30. While pushing the team to greater achievements,the coach must keep an eye on the development of each individual team member as well as on that of the group as a whole. (language practice)
as a whole： all parts or aspects considered; altogether:
on the whole 總的看來：
On the whole, they are a happy marriage. 總的看來，他們是個(gè)幸福的結(jié)合
31.Everybody will remember how excited the public was when the Chinese national soccer team made it into the 2002 World Cup. (language practice)
rugby 英式橄欖球 football 美式橄欖球 soccer 足球Rugby football雖然被翻譯成橄欖球，但它的起源卻與橄欖Olive一點(diǎn)關(guān)系也沒有。Rugby 其實(shí)是一個(gè)英格蘭小鎮(zhèn)的名字，小鎮(zhèn)上有一間叫Rugby School的公學(xué)。 據(jù)說，在1823年的時(shí)候，該學(xué)校舉行了一次足球比賽，當(dāng)時(shí)比賽十分的激烈，其中有一個(gè)名叫William Webb Ellis的16歲小男孩，因?yàn)楸确致浜�，情急之下，他竟然抱起地上的球就向�(qū)Ψ降那蜷T跑去，he took the ball in his arms and ran with it. 雖然在當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)舉動(dòng)disregard the rules of football，違反了足球的規(guī)定，但卻引起在場觀戰(zhàn)的觀眾的強(qiáng)烈興趣：如果足球賽也可以用手比賽，那么一定會(huì)變成一項(xiàng)更好玩的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)。就這樣在英格蘭誕生了橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)Rugby Football，在英國及英聯(lián)邦地區(qū)，漸漸推廣，吸引了全世界各地方愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)人口的興趣，而發(fā)展開來。excite
vt.使興奮，使激動(dòng)（常用于被動(dòng)）
The news of her arrival excited the crowd.她到達(dá)的消息使人群激動(dòng)起來。
The children were very excited by the program.孩子們看了節(jié)目非常興奮。
vt.激發(fā)某人的情感
The recent discoveries have excited great interest among doctors.
最近的多項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)引起醫(yī)生們的極大興趣。
His great success excited his friends’ envy.他的巨大成就引起了他的朋友的羨慕。
exciting adj.（事物）令人興奮的 比較：excited（人）感到興奮的
At the news,He was too excited to say a word.聽到這個(gè)令人興奮的消息，他激動(dòng)得說不出話來。
有許多其他詞也與excite類似，有兩種形容詞形式。v.-ing形式的詞表示“（事物等）令人……的”，而v.-ed形式的詞則表示“（人）感到……的”。列舉如下：
interesting（令人感到有趣的）-interested（感到有趣的）
surprising（令人驚奇的）-surprised（感到驚奇的）
boring（令人覺得枯燥的）-bored（感到枯燥的）
puzzling（令人困惑不解的）-puzzled（感到困惑的）
encouraging（令人鼓舞的）-encouraged（感到鼓舞的）
discouraging（令人泄氣的）-discouraged（感到泄氣的）
inspiring（令人鼓舞的）-inspired（感到激勵(lì)的）
pleasing（令人高興的）-pleased（感到高興的）
worrying（令人焦慮的）-worried（感到焦慮的）
tiring（令人疲憊的）-tired（感到疲憊的）
disappointing（令人失望的）-disappointed（感到失望的）
moving（令人感動(dòng)的）-moved（受到感動(dòng)的）
frightening（令人害怕的）-frightened（感到害怕的）
embarrassing（令人難堪的）-embarrassed（感到難堪的）
對(duì)比：
The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn’t know how to deal with the puzzling situation.
他臉上（感到）困惑的表情說明他不知道如何對(duì)付這一令人困惑的處境。
32.There are some sections in the newspapers catering to people’s love of sports.（教師教學(xué)用書.P.239） cater提供飲食及服務(wù)
They’re catering for a party.他們正在為聚會(huì)承辦食物。
cater for（英）為……提供服務(wù)；迎合（滿足）……的要求
TV must cater for many different tastes.電視節(jié)目必須迎合各種人的口味。
cater to 投合，迎合（尤指不良的愿望、需要等）
She refused to cater to his ridiculous demands.她拒絕迎合他那些荒唐的要求。
第四部分（Integrating skills課文中出現(xiàn)的）
33.However,that was not what she had in mind. 然而，這不是她心里所想的。
mind n.心，精神
mind and body精神與肉體
A sound mind in a sound body健全的精神于健全的肉體
智力，頭腦 （亦可 a mind ）
He has a very quick mind 他的頭腦反映很快
理性
lose one’s mind 發(fā)瘋 absence of mind 心不在焉
意見，想法
He always reads others mind 他總能看出別人的心思
So many men , so many minds 各人各想法/人各有志
記憶力，注意力
fix one’s mind on collecting data專注于收集資料
out of sight ,out of mind 眼不見，心不想
詞組：
have…in mind在想…，在計(jì)劃…
She told her boss what she had in mind她告訴她的老板她心中想的
bear/keep sth. in mind/bear /keep in mind that…/with sth. in mind記住
Bear in mind that the price does not include flights. 記住,這價(jià)格不包括機(jī)票在內(nèi).
Please bear these rules in mind 記住這些條文
bring/call…to mind 使想起……
What does the picture bring to your mind？這幅畫使你想起什么
come to mind 浮現(xiàn)于心中, make up one’s mind to do/that 下定決心做
keep one’s mind on 一直專注于 have…on mind 把…掛在心上
v 注意，留心
mind sth/that/wh/adv
mind you arrive on time 請(qǐng)務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá) mind what your say 你說話要小心
介意 mind doing sth
Do you mind my standing here 你介意我站在這兒嗎
如果…你介意嗎，可用以下句型
Do you mind if … Would you mind if
Would you mind my doing… Do/Would you mind doing…
回答可用No, not at all/ certainly not/of course not 或 Certainly/Of course/Sure/I’d prefer it if you didn’t 作答
34.Looking back,she congratulates herself on this decision.現(xiàn)在回顧起來，她慶幸自己做了那個(gè)決定。
congratulate vi.祝賀，向……道賀；慶幸，高興
常用于句型 congratulate sb.／oneself on（doing）sth.中。
We congratulated her on the birth of her daughter.我們祝賀她生了個(gè)女兒。
She congratulated herself on having thought of such a good idea.
她為自己能想出這樣的好主意而感到高興。
congratulate的名詞是congratulations,注意復(fù)數(shù)詞尾后面的介詞搭配仍是on。
Congratulations（to you）on winning the race!
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。35.Things went smoothly.一切都還順利。
smooth
adj.順利的；光滑的；平坦的
They made things very smooth for me.他們?yōu)槲遗懦死щy。
smooth paper 光滑的紙 a smooth road 平坦的路
in smooth water 在風(fēng)平浪靜的水面上
vi.使某物光滑、平坦、平靜或順利
smooth down one’s dress 拉平衣服 She smoothed out the table cloth.她把桌布弄平。
smooth away=to get rid of 消除，排除
We will smooth away any difficulties when we reach them.
我們碰到任何困難都能順利克服。
Money helps to smooth away most problems.金錢有助于消除許多問題。
smooth over使（問題等）緩解
It will be difficult for you to smooth over your bad feelings after so many years.
經(jīng)過這么多年，你想緩和你們之間的芥蒂是很困難的。
How to smooth away the language difficulties如何突破語言障礙
go的特殊用法
選擇題：A：“_____ is your business going?” B：“It _____.”A. What; goes well B. How; goes good C. How; goes well D. What; goes good
36.She made herself independent, and was able to manage her finance.
她已經(jīng)獨(dú)立經(jīng)營了，而且還能很好地管理財(cái)務(wù)
finance n. 財(cái)政;金融;財(cái)政學(xué)財(cái)源;資金;(國家的)財(cái)務(wù)情況
The country's finances have improved.這個(gè)國家財(cái)政狀況改善了。
vt.供資金給;融資,為...籌措資金
Our project is rarely financed.我們的工程資金不足。
37.Many people tend to listen to their teachers and parents who often have expectations that are hard to live
up to.很多人傾向于聽家長或教師的意見，但是他們所期望的往往是學(xué)生難以辦到的
live up to one’s reputation不負(fù)盛名
The WTO can’t live up to its name if it doesn’t include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
expectation期待，期望，預(yù)料
without much expectation of success 對(duì)成功不要抱太大的指望
our team has every expectation of winning我隊(duì)勝券在握
對(duì)成功幸運(yùn)的期待，指望
contrary to /against expectation(s) 出乎意料（副詞）
beyond expectation(s) 出乎意料（副詞，形容詞）
come up to one’s expectation(s) 符合某人的期待
in expectation of 預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有……
In expectation of a traffic jam,, I decided to walk 預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)交通堵塞，我決定步行
a young artist with great expectations 有遠(yuǎn)大前程的青年藝術(shù)家
38.Not going to university is not a shame.上不了大學(xué)并不是一件丑事。
shame羞恥，羞愧，慚愧
She was full of shame at her bad behavior and hung her head in shame.
她為自己的不良行為感到羞愧，慚愧地低下了頭。
to one’s shame 令某人慚愧／羞愧的是……
恥辱，羞辱 （a shame 可恥之人或事 ）
bring shame on sb.／oneself 使某人自己丟臉
Your bad behavior brings shame on the whole school.你的行為使整個(gè)學(xué)校蒙受恥辱。
He was called a shame to their school 大家稱他為學(xué)校之恥
遺憾的事，可惜
What a shame（that）it rained on the day of your garden party!多可惜啊，你開游園會(huì)那天下雨了！
39.It is not use for everybody to try to pursue the same career.每個(gè)人都去從事同一職業(yè)，這是毫無用處的。
pursue 追；追捕；追殺；追擊
The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner. 警方正在追捕一個(gè)在逃的犯人。
追隨；跟隨； 注意; 纏；糾纏
Illness pursued him till his death, which made us all bitterly painful.
疾病一直糾纏著他,直到他去世,這使我們大家痛苦極了。
追求；尋求；不斷努力以取得
to pursue pleasure/truth尋樂 /追求真理
40.People whose learning style is to try,experiment and find their way through hands-on experience,often find
that school life does not accommodate their learning style.
有些人的學(xué)習(xí)方式是嘗試、實(shí)驗(yàn)或是通過實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)來找辦法，這些人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校生活不適應(yīng)他們的
學(xué)習(xí)方式。
accommodate提供住宿
He will accommodate me with the use of his house, while he is abroad.
他在國外期間將把他的住宅供我使用。
容納
One flat can accommodate a family of five.一套單元房可容納一個(gè)五口之家。
使配合;適應(yīng)新的情況
Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances.
不管到哪兒,他都能迅速適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
復(fù)習(xí)：
Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things,such as walking or solving problems,and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt,not a language-specific part of the brain.還有人認(rèn)為我們學(xué)習(xí)語言正如我們學(xué)習(xí)其他技能，例如走路、學(xué)習(xí)解決問題等，我們天生具有學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)的能力，而不是大腦中有學(xué)習(xí)語言的專門區(qū)域。
Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
41.How you feel about the fact that she decline her parents’ offer?……婉拒……
decline vi 變小，變?nèi)�，衰退，衰�?/p>
Her influence declined after she lost the election.她落選后影響力降低了。
a decline birthrate逐漸下降的出生率
Do you think standards of morality have declined in recent years?你認(rèn)為近年來道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下降了嗎？
婉拒;謝絕[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.她婉拒了他們的邀請(qǐng)。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她說她身體不舒服,婉拒了與她的朋友共進(jìn)午餐。