單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
A enjoy, alone, lonely, think, life
B some,either,want,improve,about,prepare,difference/different,service
2、短語
A no longer,instead of,be/get angry with sb.,be angry about/for sth.,be full of/fill…with,think well of,make fun of,from…to…,to the east/in the east/on the east,in the open air,make a record,eat up
B write to,ask for,pick up
3、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1)“had better+不帶to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
①肯定句 ②否定句 ③疑問句 ④反意疑問句
2)“Why+不帶to的不定式”
“Why not+不帶to的不定式”
3)to be sure 其后通常跟that從句、不定式短語或介詞短語。
4)it用作形式主語的句型是:It is/was+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth.句中不定式短語是真正的主語。
考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
I.單詞和詞組
1.the coming…:the next 即將/正在到來的。
①-Hi,why are you so busy?你好,怎么那么忙?
-Because I’m preparing for the coming examination我正為快要到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備
②We have decided to hold a sports meet during the coming autumn.我們已經(jīng)決定今年秋季開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
2.hear vt,;vi.
(1)聽見、聽到(聲音)。
①Listen!I heard somebody knocking at the door.聽!我聽到有人敲門。
②Old Granny can’t hear very well.老奶奶聽覺不好了。
(2)hear that(賓從)聽說某事
①I heard that he had come back.我聽說他回來了。
②I heard that we were going to Qingdao for a holiday.Is that true?聽說我們要去青島度假,是真的嗎?
(3)hear of 聽說;獲悉。
①I have heard of him,though I don’t know him.盡管我不認(rèn)識他,但我聽說過他。
②They have never heard of American country music.他們從沒聽說過美國的鄉(xiāng)村音樂。
③They have never heard American country music。他們從沒聽過美國的鄉(xiāng)村音樂。
(4)hear from sb.收到某人的來信。
-Have you heard from Peter recently?最近收到彼得的信了嗎?
-No,I haven’t heard from him for three months.沒有。我已3個(gè)月沒收到他的信了。
3、broadcast vt.;vi.廣播;播放。過去式和過去分詞均為broadcast。
①The BBC broadcasts every day.BBC每天都廣播。
②The news was broadcast on the radio.這個(gè)消息是收音機(jī)里播送的。
4、in the 1950:in the 1950’s 20世紀(jì)50年代。介詞也可用during。
early/late in the 1990s:in the early/late 1990’s。 20世紀(jì)90年代早期/晚期。
5、once more:once again再一次;又一次。
①Read after me once more.再跟我讀一遍。
②I’d like to see him once more.我想再見他一面。
6、turn to 其中to為介詞。
(1)轉(zhuǎn)向。
He turned to me and said hello to me.他轉(zhuǎn)向我向我問好。
(2)查閱;求助于。
If you are in trouble,please turn to me.如果你有麻煩,請找我。
7、be angry with sb.生某人的氣。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。
①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因?yàn)槲疫t到而生我的氣。
②What are you angry about?你生什么氣?
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久,他很生氣。
8.Think well/highly/much of 高度贊揚(yáng)……;對……贊賞、印象好。
①All the teachers think well of Yang Pei.所有老師都對楊蓓印象很好。
②Our work was well thought of.我們的工作受到了高度評價(jià)。
反義詞組為:think poorly/little/nothing of
9.make fun of取笑;嘲笑。
①It’s wrong to make fun of the blind.取笑盲人是不對的。
②It’s bad manners to make fun of a person who is in trouble.拿困境中的人開玩笑是不禮貌的。
10.remain link-v.保持;仍舊的。
①He remained silent at the meeting.在會(huì)上他一言不發(fā)。
②His books remain very new because he hardly read them。他的書仍然很新,因?yàn)樗麕缀鯖]讀。
11、keep doing sth.連續(xù)、持續(xù)地做某事。
①They kept sitting there for several hours.他們在那里連續(xù)坐了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
②He kept asking silly questions.他不住地問些愚蠢的問題。
12、eat up 吃光;吃掉。
He was so hungry that he ate up all the cakes and none was left.他太餓了,把所有的蛋糕都吃完了,一點(diǎn)也沒剩。
類似的短語還有:drink up喝光;喝凈。/burn up 燒完;燒掉。/use up 用完;用盡。/clean up打掃干凈。
13、go with 與……相配;適合。
I’d like a pair of shoes to go with my trousers.我想要一雙和我的褲子相配的鞋。
14、advice建議;勸告。是不可數(shù)名詞,“一條建議”應(yīng)用a piece of advice。常用結(jié)構(gòu)。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提(關(guān)于……的)建議;忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征求(某人的)意見。
①M(fèi)arx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語,馬克思給我們提了些好建議。
②If you take /follow my advice,you’ll pass the exam.如果你聽從我的建議,你會(huì)考試及格的。
③Let’s ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見吧。
15、pick up
(1)撿起;撿起。
The naughty boy picked up a stone and threw it at the dog.那調(diào)皮的孩子撿起塊石頭向狗扔去。
(2)用車接;中途順便搭人接物。
①I’ll pick you up at the school gate.我用車到校門口接你。
②On her way home,she went to the nursery to pick up her son.回家的路上,她順便到托兒所接她兒子。
(3)接收(相當(dāng)于receive)。
It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA.我的收音機(jī)接收美國之音很容易。
16、such as 例如;諸如。用于列舉同類的人或事物。
①Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well-known to all.象魯迅、巴金這樣的作家是眾所周知的。
②This summer we’re going to visit some places of interest,such as the Great wall,the Summer palace and the Imperial Palace.今年夏天我們要去參觀一些名勝古跡,如長城,頤和園、故宮等。
注意:and so on 等等。用于并列成分之后。
Here you can buy oil,salt,sugar,vineger and so on.在這里可以買到油、鹽、糖、醋等。
17、remain;stay
remain vi.逗留、保持;指人(也可指物)逗留在一定的場所,也指物保持原來的形狀或狀態(tài)。
stay 逗留;僅指人(不可用物)逗留在一定場所。
How many weeks shall you remain/stay here?你將在此地停留多久?
I shall remain/stay to see the end of the game.我將留下來看比賽的結(jié)果。
Let it remain as it is .聽其自然.
It remained unharmed.它仍然無損。
remain+表語(名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞和分詞短語)意為“保持……、仍是……”
作“剩下、遺留”講,用remain。如:
after the fire, nothing remained to the house.大火過后,屋子所剩無幾。
If you take two from four, two remains.四減二剩二。
18.含take 的詞組
我們已學(xué)習(xí)了短語take part in. 有關(guān)take的常用短語還有許多,現(xiàn)列舉出一些供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)。
take a bath:洗個(gè)澡 take a taxi:打的
take off:脫去;起飛 take care of:照料
take exercise:運(yùn)動(dòng) take away:拿走
take a look:看一看 take turns:輪流
take one’s time:慢慢做 take a photo:拍照
take one’s temperature:量休溫 take a bus:乘公共汽車
take medicine:服藥 take an interest in: 對……感興趣
take a seat:就座 take the floor:起立發(fā)言
take a prize:獲獎(jiǎng) take the chair:當(dāng)主席
take place:發(fā)生 take hold of:握住
take a rest:休息一下 take in:收容
take fire:著火 take a drive:乘馬車
take a nap:小睡一會(huì)兒(午覺) take a shower:洗個(gè)淋浴
take a trip:旅行 take a walk:散個(gè)步
19.On the air/in the air/by air/in the open air
on the air表示(用無線電、電視)播送節(jié)目。如:
What’s on the air this evening?
今晚的廣播內(nèi)容是什么?
These programmes come on the air everyday. 這些節(jié)目每天廣播。
其反義詞為go off the air“停止廣播”。如
This radio station goes off the air at midnight.這家廣播電臺于午夜停止廣播。
in the air表示“在空中、在流傳中、(問題,計(jì)劃等)懸而未決(未確定的)、充滿了(某種)氣氛”。如:
There was dampness in the air.
空氣潮濕。
Bofore the matter was publicly announced, it had long been in the air.
這件事在公諸于世之前早就傳得滿城風(fēng)雨了。
The plan is quite in the air.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃還很渺茫。
The Spring Festival was in the air for weeks before.幾周前就充滿了春節(jié)的氣氛。
by air 表示“乘飛機(jī)、由航空”。如
He went to Shanghai by air.
他乘飛機(jī)去上海.
in the open air 表示“在戶外、在露天里”。如:
People love life in the open air.
人們喜歡露天生活。
20.another day/the other day/some day/one day
another day 可表示近期將來的某一天,意為“改天”,也可表示過去將來某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的“又一天”。如:
She is coming another day instead of today. 她今天不來,改天來。
You may do it another day.
你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there (for) another day/another two days after I lift.
我離開后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當(dāng)于a few days ago,意為“幾天前、某天、那天、不久前”,句中用一般過去時(shí)。如:
I met her in the street the other day.
幾天前我在街上碰見過她。
I bought the watch the other day.
這手表我是幾天前買的。
some day指將來“總有一天、有朝一日、終將、(日后)某一天”,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí).如:
Your wishes will come true some day.
總有一天你的愿望會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
Some day you’ll have to pay for what you have done.
總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價(jià)的。
one day可以表示“(過去)某一天”,謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般過去式;也可表示“(將來)某一天”,這時(shí)可與some day互相代替,謂語常用一般將來時(shí)。如:
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.
有一天,我去看我的啟蒙老師,可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.
將來有一天,他會(huì)理解老師的。
21.其他:
①country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂
pop music流行音樂
②on the radio在收音機(jī)里
on TV在電視里
③make a record做記錄;錄制唱片
④in the open air 在戶外,在野外
⑤on the air:over the air 在廣播
⑥in…language用……語言
⑦write(a letter)to 給……寫信
⑧tens of thousands of 成千上萬的
II.句型
1. no longer 不再。通常置于行為動(dòng)詞之前,動(dòng)詞be之后,偶爾也置于全句的末尾。
①He no longer lives here.他不住這里了。
②Don’t worry about her. After all she is no longer a child .別為她擔(dān)心。畢竟她不再是個(gè)小孩子了。
③I shall wait no longer.我不等了。
no longer ?上喈(dāng)于not…any longer. not 用來否定謂語, any longer 置于句末。上面的句子可分別改作:
①He don’t live here any longer.
②Don’t worry about her. After all she isn’t a child any longer.
③I shall not wait any longer.
注意:no more(相當(dāng)于not…any more)也是“不再”的意思。no longer是把現(xiàn)在的情況和過去對比,時(shí)態(tài)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)為多,有時(shí)也用過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí);no more 指今后如何,通常用將來時(shí)態(tài)。
①I can no longer stand it.我再也受不了。
②I will go there no more.我再也不到那地方去了。
美國人有時(shí)用起來比較隨便。
He is no more/no longer ill.他的病好了。
另外:涉及數(shù)量或程度時(shí)要用no more; 談到時(shí)間表示once but not now(有一度、曾經(jīng)那樣,但現(xiàn)在不了時(shí)),要用no longer.
①There is no more bread.沒有面包了。
②I no longer support the Conservative Party.我不再支持保守黨了。(曾經(jīng)支持過)
2. not just…but…:not only…but(also)…(also可省略)不僅/不但……而……。
該句型可連接兩個(gè)并列的主語、謂語、賓語、表語和狀語,說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后一部分。當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí),謂語應(yīng)同靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上取得一致。
①Not just you but he likes the country music very much.不但你,而且他也很喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂。
②He can not just drive but repair a car.他不僅會(huì)開而且會(huì)修車。
③I like not just pop music but country music.我不僅喜歡流行音樂,而且喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂。
④This book is not just interesting but also useful.這本書不但有趣而且有用。
⑤Lu Xun is famous not just in China but in the whole world.魯迅不只在中國有名,而且在全世界都很著名。
3.……while playing the guitar.
時(shí)間和條件狀語從句常?梢院喕。這時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句的詞常有:when/while/whenever/before/after/until/till/和if/unless/though,但簡化必須符合下面兩個(gè)條件。
(1)當(dāng)從句與主句主語一致,且從句謂語有be的某種形式時(shí),?梢园褟木涞闹髡Z及be省略掉。
①Be careful when(you are) crossing the street 過馬路的時(shí)候要小心。
②While (he was)walking along the sands.Crusoe saw some footprints in the sand.克魯索沿沙灘走著的時(shí)候,看到沙子上有些腳印。
③I won’t go to her party unless(I am) invited.要是不受到邀請,我就不去參加她的宴會(huì)。
④He knows many things though(he is)very young.他年齡不大,但知道的事不少。
(2)當(dāng)從句為it is + adj.時(shí),也常將it is省略掉。
①When (it is)possible,I’ll go to Beijing to see you.可能的時(shí)候,我將去北京看你。
②If (it is)necessary, I’ll come tomorrow.必要的話,明天我就來。
4.It is/was + adj. + for/of sb.+ to do sth.某人做某事是…….
該句的It 為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式(短語),for/of sb.是不定式的邏輯主語。能用于該句型的形容詞常有:(1)important/ unimportant/ necessary/ possible/ impossible/ hard/ difficult/ easy/ useful/ usual/ unusual等。這些形容詞的后面常用for來表示不定式的邏輯主語。
①It’s important(for you)to learn English well.(你們)學(xué)好英語很重要。
②It’s not easy for them to finish the work within three hours.對他們來說3小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作很難。
(2)right/ wrong/ clever/ foolish/ stupid/ nice/ kind/ rude/ polite/ impolite等。這些形容詞的后面常用of 介詞短語表示不定式的邏輯主語。
①It’s kind of you to help us.你們幫助我們真是太好了。
②It’s impolite of a person to interrupt people while they are talking.打斷別人談話的人是不禮貌的。
5.so far迄今為止;到現(xiàn)在為止。通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,so far可置于句首、句中或句末。
①So far we have learned English for six years.到今年我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了6年英語了。
②Your work has been good so far this year.今年迄今為止你的工作很出色。
③ We haven’t heard from Tom so far.至今我們還沒收到湯姆的來信。
6.the + 比較級,the + 比較級 越……,就越……。
①The busier he is ,the happier he feels。越忙他越高興。
②The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,取得的進(jìn)步就越大。
③The more hppily we live,the more we realize how much we owe to the Party。我們過得越幸福,就會(huì)更加認(rèn)識到共產(chǎn)黨的恩情。
④The more I hear, the more I laugh.越聽我笑得越厲害。
7.Of + n.(抽象句詞)相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞,在句中可用作表語或補(bǔ)語。
能用于該句型的名詞有:help/ use/ value/ importance等。其對應(yīng)的形容詞分別為:helpful/ useful/ valuable/ important.
①This book is of great use/ very useful.這本書很有用。
②His advice is of great value/ very valuable.他的建議很有價(jià)值。
③English is of great importance/ very important to us.英語對我們來說很重要。
經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
題1(NMET 1998)
You’ll find this map of great___________ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
分析:C。“be of + 抽象名詞”;句意為“你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這張地圖對幫助你在倫敦旅游大有益處”,A,B 不合句意。D為可數(shù)名詞。Value為抽象名詞,意為“益處、價(jià)值”。
題2(上海 1998)
The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the________.
A.20 dollars remained . B.remaining 20 dollars.
C.remained 20 dollars. D.20 dollars to remain
分析:B。 remaining adj.剩下的。the remaining students剩下的學(xué)生。the remaining 11 seats 剩下的11個(gè)座位。
題3 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests_____ when he_____ at the party.
A.left; had arrived B.left; arrived
C.had left; had arrived D.had left; arrived
分析:D。句中was決定從句必須使用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài),leave的動(dòng)作先于arrive,所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
題4(NMET 2002)
I wonder why Jenny____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write
C.won’t write D.hadn’t written
分析:A。該題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。題干中有recently“最近”一詞。
題5(上海 1999)
Those T-shirts are usually $ 35 each, but today they have a _____ price of $ 19 in the Shopping Center.
A.regular B.special C.cheap D.particular
分析:B。對于price只能用high,low修飾,不能用cheap;根據(jù)句中可以看出,“19美元對照35美元”是“特價(jià)”,故選擇B。
題6(NMET 2000)
It’s always diffcult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
分析:D。該題考查四個(gè)副詞的區(qū)別。從句意很容易判斷出especially“尤其是、特別是”,符合題意。
題7 It was about 600 years ago____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A.that B.until C.before D.when
分析A。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是about 600 years ago.其結(jié)構(gòu)為“it is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that+剩余部分”。一般來講,把it is...that...去掉之后原句應(yīng)不改變原意。
題8 It is careless _______ you to do that.
A.for B.to C.of D.with
分析:C。此題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,只能用of或for介紹邏輯主語。由于本題介詞后的邏輯主語 you可以與careless連用,即:You are careless.所以選C.如不能,則用for.