類別 課程標準要求掌握的項目
話
題 1．Talking about medicine and health
，Ta1king about deadly diseases and attitudes towards them
詞
匯
quiz false virus via blood prevention persuade defenceless illness treatment unprotected sex lack proper available discourage cheer network specialist meaningful fierce stranger cell radiation strength recover fighter contrary
1ive with die of cheer(…)up suffer from on the contrary for the moment free from
功
能
1．支持或反對意見、觀點(Supporting and challenging an opinion)
I think that…，because…
First，…
One reason is that…
For example，…
If we／they were to…，we／they could…
Perhaps．but what if／about…?
Have you thought about…?
What makes you think that…?
Could you please explain…?
If I were you，I ould…
2．描述虛擬情景(Describing imaginary situations)
If 1 were you，1 would…
1 wish… 。
If we were to…，we／they could…
……as if…..
語
法
虛擬語氣(1)
用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而只一種愿望、假設、懷疑、建議、猜測、可能或純粹的空想等,用虛擬語氣.
例如：
If I were not so busy now，1 would go with you
1 wish I cou ld remember more about my mum
If we didn’t know how HIV spreads，we would easily get AIDS
教學目的和要求(Teaching aims and demands)
LISTENING -TEXT:(課文中)
The Disease Detective
Jane is one of the experts at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. People at the Center study how diseases start and spread and, as the name shows, try to control and prevent diseases. We asked Jane about her work.
J = Jane; I = Interviewer
Part 1
J: Well, I have to be a detective: I go to a place where a disease has broken out and I look for clues about the disease. I try to find as much information as I can about what happened. Who is sick? What are the signs--- do they have a fever, a headache or a sore throat? When did they get sick? When I have collected the information, I use it to find out what caused the problem. We can use what we learn to prevent others from getting sick.Jane and other disease detectives at the Center do their jobs in different ways. Some detectives work in laboratories where they examine tests and samples. Others travel to towns or villages where there are diseases and talk to people who are sick. All of the experts at the Center know that their work is important. If they do their jobs well, they will save lives.
Part 2
I: How often do you actually go to places where a new disease has broken out?
J:Oh, it happens every now and then. Probably about every three months or so.
I.How do you find out about new diseases?
J: We will usually hear from doctors and hospitals. If they notice anything strange, they will give us a call and ask for help. If we think it is necessary, we'll go to the place where people are getting sick.
I: Aren't you afraid of catching the diseases you are studying?
J: Well, yes, sometimes. But we are always very careful. If you know what you are doing, you can protect yourself. Besides, I'm more afraid of what might happen if we don't find out what kind of disease it is.
I: What can ordinary people do to protect themselves?
J: The best thing you can do is simplyto wash your hands often and try to avoid crowded places. Wearing a mask over your face may help, but it is probably not .necessary unless you are caring for a sick person.It is also important to see a doctor if you get sick,so that you don't spread a disease without knowing it.
Answers to Part 1:
1 They are trying to control and prevent diseases.
2 Jane usually asks people if they have a fever, headache or sore throat. She also asks when they got sick.
3 She usesthe information she collects to f'md out what caused the disease.
4 Some detectives work in a laboratory, and others,like Jane, travel to areas where a disease has broken out to collect information.
Answers to Part 2:
1 Sample notes:
a. goes out about every 3 months
b.finds out about new diseases from doctors and hospitals
c.sometimes visits areas
d.sometimes afraid but always careful
e. you can protect yourselves by washing hands & not going to crowded places; see a doctor if you're sick
2 Various answers are possible. The answers should reflect the students' understanding of what they have heard on the tape, eg the basic process (collecting information and using it to find the causes of the disease).
LISTENING TEXT(課后)
K = Ken; W = Dr Watts
Part 1
K: Hello, Dr Watts. Thank you for letting me interview you.
'W: You're welcome. Now, what would you like to know?
K: Well, my first question is about the name of the disease. What does AIDS stand for?
W: When we talk about AIDS, we often use the term HIV/AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS stands for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome".
K: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. OK, got it.But I'm not sure I understand what it means.
W: Well, to "acquire" something is to get something, so "acquired" means that you can get infected with the disease. "Immune" comes from "immune system",the system that protects our body from diseases. .
K: So "acquired immune" tells us that this is a disease that we can get from other people and that has something to do with our immune system. What exactly does AIDS d~ to our immune system?
W: That's what the next word tells us. If something is"deficient", it means that it isn't functioning pnoperly, it isn't working the way it should. So "acquired immune deficiency' means that even though we wene born with a good immune system, wehave nowgot a disease that bneaks down the immune system.
K: Wow, that's terrible! So what happens when someone'simmune system doesn't work?
W: Well, to put it simply, he or she gets sick a lot. The last word in AIDS, "syndrome", means all the bad things that happen to your body when the immune system doesn't work.
Part 2
People who die of AIDS actually don't die of AIDS. When a person infected with HIV develops AIDS, he or she easily gets sick. A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system. Many common diseases can be cured in patients whose immune system functions well, but when they enter the body of a person with AIDS, they can kill him or her. Many AIDS patients die of infections or serious colds, but there are also many diseases that we have never heard of. If your immune system is working,they may not be able to do any harm, but because the immune system has been weakened, the diseases can't be cured. They. will grow stronger and stronger until one day they kill the patient with AIDS. Therefore, much of the treatment an AIDS patient receives is meant to help the body defend itself against diseases.
Answers to Part 1"
1A = Acquired I = Immune D =Deficiency S = Syndrome
2 1) Acquired means that you get. something from someone.In "AIDS", it means that AIDS is a disease that we get from other people.
2) The immune system protects the body from diseases.
3) AIDS breaks down the immune system.
4) People can become infected with HIV / AIDS through blood transfusions, unprotected sex and childbirth.
5) We should learn more about the disease and avoid unsafe practices.
5) We can ask doctors and nurses to tell us about the disease and we can read about the disease in books and on the Internet.
Answers to Part 2:
1 When a person infected with HIV (develops) AIDS,he or she easily gets (sick).
2 A person with AIDS has a very (weak immune system).
3 Many AIDS patients die from (infections ) or serious colds, but there are many diseases that we have never (heard ) of.
4 Therefore, much of the (treatment) an AIDS patient receives is meant to help the body (defend itself) against diseases.
閱讀本單元對話與課文，完成下列各題：
§1．1細枝末節(jié)
(Passage 1)
I-Which of the following is true?
A．People will die iromediately after they get AIDS．
B．HIV spreeds only through blood．
C．Xiaohua was three when her mother died．
D．AIDS is a disease that breaks down the hody’s immune system and leaves a person defense against infections and illnesses．
2 Which of the following is NOT true?
A．In 2002，3．2 million children in the world were infected with HIV．
B．The disease is spreeding faster in America and Parts of Asia
C．Xiaohua knows she will die before she can grow up．
D. Xiaohua wants to be a doctor to help AIDS patients．
3 What are the means of being infected with AIDS?
A．Through b1ood and other body liquids．
B．By having unprotected sex．
C．Through birth．
D．All of the above．
(Passage 2)
4 Which of the following is true?
A． On that Thursday afternoon，I knew I got cancer．
B． Cance can be treated.
C．Doctors know why some people get cancer．
D．Cancer can be caused by injury．
5 Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Whan I heard I got cancer，I thought my life was going to end．
B．If one gets cancer,cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time．
C． All the people who got cancer will be treated with radiation.
D After 2 years’treatment，I changed my mind towards cancer.
6 How did“I”feel when I heard the news?
A．Sad． B．0ptimistic．C．Empty． D．Nothing serious．
§1．2主旨大意
7 Passage 1 mainly tells us--．
A．how terrible AIDS is B．how misarable Xiaohua is
C．what we should do towards AIDS and AIDS patiants
D．how to help Xiaohua
8 Passage 2 mainly tells us-．
A．how“I”got cancer．
B what cancer is.
C．how I came through the shade of cancer
D． how my friends help me
§1．3推理判斷
9 From Passage 1,we can infer that___________
A．we should aoid any contact with AIDS patiants
B．Xiaohua wants to givea hug to an AIDS patient
C Xiaohua’s life won’t be as 1ong as her classmates’so sh is unhappy
D．people should try to know about AIDS.
10 What can we get from Passage2?
A．I loved my mother．
B．The cancer can be defeated if only we can fight with it．
C．Cancer does not spreed from one person to another．
D．“I’’plan to live a long life
知識點
1．persuade vt.說服；勸服；使相信
A persuade sb．to do sth．
或persuade sb．into doing sth說服某人干某事
B persuade sb. out of(doing) sth.=persuade sb. not to do sth.“說服某人不做某事”，
C persuade sb．of sth./that從句這一結構。使某人相信某事
He persuaded her to go(或into going)with him．
他說服了她和他-起去。(結果她和他一塊去了。)
I persuaded him to give up smoking．=I persuaded him out of smoking．
我說服了他戒煙。(結果他戒煙了。)
I have never persuaded him to take the job．
=Many times I tried to persuade him to take the job，but I didn’t succeed／but I failed to．
我始終沒說服他接受這份工作。(我想說服他接受這份工作，但他不聽。)
I persuaded him of its truth./ that it was true.我使他相信這是真的。
He persuaded me that death does not end all．
他說服了我，使我相信死并不能使-切都結束。
◇[考題1](1)He was a heavy smoker一--him to give up smoking but he just wouldn’t listen to me．
A．suggested B．tried to persuade C．persuaded D．managed
[解析] 如果說而不服或勸而不服，則不能用persuade，因為這時說服則成了一種愿望或企圖，所以應用try to persuade或advise等別的詞不能說I persuaded him to do it, but he wouldn’t．因為I persuaded him to do it．已經(jīng)表示了“說服了他做那事”，因此前句與后句在意思上相互矛盾了。應說I tried to persuade him to do it but he wouldn’t或I advised him to do it but he wouldn’t．而suggest后面不可接復合不定式；manage to d sth．表示“成功地做成某事”。[答案] B
(2)The fire in the hotel broke out at midnight and spread quickly，but every one--to escape from being burned or killed．
A．was able to B．tried C．failed D．succeeded to
[解析] 前半句句意表示旅館發(fā)生了大火。從句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞.but可知，每個人都逃脫出來了。而B、c表示未能逃出，不合題意。 D項應用succeed in doing sth．表達才對。[答案]A
2 lack，v&n缺乏；不足
lacking adj.不夠的 欠缺的
A, a lack of 缺少,不足 have no lack of 不缺乏,for lack of 因為缺乏
B vt. lack sth.缺…….
C be lacking in 缺乏(品質(zhì),特點)
I lacked the courage to do it． 我缺乏做那件事的勇氣。
I 1ack words with which to express my thanks．
我缺乏用以表達感謝的話語。
Good food is lacking． 精美的食物很匱乏。
He is not lacking in wisdom． 他并不缺乏聰明才智。
The meeting ended because of 1ack of order．
因為秩序混亂，會議中止了。
◇[考題2] (1)Though --money，his parents managed to send him to university．(2002年上海高考題)
A．1acked B．1acking of C．1acking D．1acked in
[解析]1ack是個及物動詞，后面帶有賓語“錢”，又因“父母”與“缺乏”之間存在主謂關系，所以此題要用表示主動含義的lacking作狀語。若選B，則要把of改為in。[答案] C
(2)I’m sorry．We’re--．that kind of trousers．would you come back next week?
A．short B．1acking C．in need D．short of
[解析] 在表示“短缺，需要”時，可用be short of、be lacking in、in need(of)等表示。[答案] D
3 proper adj.恰當?shù)模徽_的；自己的；本身 (后置)；大，狠
properly adv．正確地；恰當?shù)兀粐栏竦�；完全�?口語中)
1 want to go on with my work under proper conditions.．
我想在恰當?shù)臈l件下繼續(xù)我的工作。
Please go to your proper seats．請回到各自的位子上去。
Shellish are not among the fishes proper.
有殼的水生動物本身就不是魚類。
◇[考題3] (1)I don’t think Peter is too young to take care of the pet dog--．(2001年上海高考題)
A．correctly B．properly C．exactly D．a(chǎn)ctively ．
[解析] 四個選項的含義分別為：正確地，影恰當?shù)�，精確地和積極地。從語境看，“我認為彼得并不太小而以致于不會…一一地照看那只寵物狗”，只有用“合適地、恰當?shù)亍辈抛罘项}意。[答案] B
(2)It was late．He wondered whether it would be ____to knock at the door of her room．
A．proper B．better C．interesting D．disappointed
[解析] 句意表示“夜深了，他想知道敲她的門是否--”B項中沒有必要用比較級，C、D兩項與句意均不符。proper"合適。恰當”最合題意。[答案]A
4．discourage vt.使人喪失勇氣；妨礙
A discourage sb.
The hardship she faced discouraged her．她面臨的艱難使她泄氣
B 常用于被動語態(tài), be/get discouraged
They got discouraged and went home．他們泄氣了，回家了。
C discourage sb.from doingsth. 勸某人打消做某事的念頭,阻止某人做某事
His mother discouraged him from joining the navy，saying it was a hard life,but he refused to be discouraged．
他的母親阻止他參加海軍，說它是一種很艱苦的生活，但他拒絕被勸阻。
D discouraging adj.令人泄氣的,使人灰心的
The examination result is discouraging.
[考題4] It's very--that every time I try to ride a bicycle，I fell off． ’
A.discouraged B．discouraging
C．discouragement D．being discouraged
[解析】 A、B、c三項是discourage的派生詞，分別表示“沮喪的、令人沮喪的、失望(沮喪)”。D項表示“正在被打擊”，不合語境。因為主語是that引導的主語從句，所以作表語要用“使人沮喪的”。[答案] B
5．on the contrary(與此)相反的是
You weren't boring me．On the contrary．you're interesting me．
你并沒有使我厭倦。相反的是，你使我十分感興趣。
一Have you nearly done?一你差不多快完成了嗎?
--On the contrary，I have only just begun．一恰恰相反，我才剛剛開始。
I did not go to London，on the contrary 1 went to Paris．
我沒去倫敦，而是去了巴黎。
contrary adj.相反的,相對的,逆向的,對抗的。
in contrary directions 朝相反的方向,be contrary to rules 違規(guī)的
◇[考題5] (1)一He's no use at a11．- ---，I have found him a great deal of use．
A．Generally speaking B．Believe it or not
C．First of all D．On the contrary
[解析] 上文的no use與下文的a great deal of use在語意上完全相反，所以插入語的含義應該是“相反的是”才對。[答案] D
(2)We are told that“hot”and“cold”are_____ terms．
A．contrary B．similar C．same D．different
[解析] 句意表示“冷和熱是一對反義詞”，所缺形容詞表示“相反的”，類似于opposite。[答案]A
6． against prep．反對；對立；迎著；預防；在…情況／背景下
He was standing，ho1ding onto a tree that grew against the wall．
他站在那兒，緊緊抓住一棵靠墻長著的一棵樹。
Put the piano against the wall，please．請把鋼琴靠墻放。
Political leaders fought against slavery．政治領導人與奴隸制度作斗爭。
Is he for or against my plan?對于我的計劃他是贊成還是反對?
What you have done is against the law.你所做的事情是違背法律的。
◇[考題6](1)Because we were sailing--the wind，we had great diffculty in getting to the opposite bank．
A．with B．a(chǎn)gainst C．by D．a(chǎn)t
[解析]從語境看，我們費了極大的困難才達到了彼岸，所以是“逆風而行”才會如此。with the wind表示“順風而行”。沒有其他兩種搭配。
[答案] B
(2)You'd better put away some money for old age．That is to say．to save money--a rainy day．
A．by B．before C．a(chǎn)t D．a(chǎn)gainst
[解析] a rainy day表示“有難的日子”，所以本題表示“為以后需要的日子作準備。”against此處可以作此用法，表示“預備；防備；準備….時用”。答案為D。
7．a(chǎn)vailable adj．可利用的�？蛇_到的。有效的
My study is availabIe． !我的書房可供使用。
The drugs that are available are mach too expensive.那些有效的藥物價格太高。
That man is not available for the job；he has other work．
那個人不能做這項工作，因為他有其他的工作
◇[考題7]一I’d like a table for six．
一Sorry，Sir，but we don't have any tables--right now．
A．usable B．suitable C．comfortable D．a(chǎn)vailable
[解析] “usab1e”意為“能用的”，使用對象多為工具等；
“suitable”強調(diào)合適，“comfortable”強調(diào)舒適，均不合題意。題干給予信息為：可我們現(xiàn)在卻沒有任何桌位空缺。[答案] D。
8． cheer與cheer up的用法
(1)cheervt.，意為“鼓舞…‘給予信心”“為……歡呼，喝采”。
The news cheered everyone of us．
這消息使我們?nèi)巳硕几吲d。
The boys cheered their football team．
男孩子向他們的足球隊歡呼加油。
(2)cheer n.，是可數(shù)名詞，意為“贊揚聲…‘鼓勵聲”，作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“歡樂感”。干杯,謝謝,(英語電話中)再見.
Her performance drew cheers．她的表演贏得一片喝彩聲。
The boy was moved by the words of cheer．
鼓舞人心的話令這個男孩感動。
(3)cheer up(使)高興起來。cheer sb.up
Cheer up!Things are not as bad as they seem．
樂觀一點!事物并不像看上去那么糟。
[考題8] (1)It--the old woman to have her young neighbour
visit her．Even she was very happy for a whole day．
A．cheered B．bored C．troubled D．comforted
[解析] 句意為“老太太的年輕鄰居來訪，使她很高興，甚至為此她高興了整天�！盉、C選項中“麻煩”讓人生厭“等意思顯然不合題意。D選項意為“安慰”，A選項意為“使……高興”。相比之下，A項更符合語境。[答案]A
(2)He is--in his mind，so he is popular with us．
A．cheerful B．merry C．glad D．joyful
[解析] 句意為“他天性樂觀，因此在我們當中大受歡迎。”cheerful多指人天性樂觀，在任何情況下保持欣然的樣子；merry多指在節(jié)日或其他熱鬧表現(xiàn)出來的快樂情緒；glad指由于某一特定事物或原 因而使人們的心理產(chǎn)生暫時的喜悅；joyful指由于某特別的事件或情景而產(chǎn)生的喜悅心情。本句中主要指一種天性的樂觀，所以只有A項是正的。 [答案] A
9. suffer v 受苦；遭受(損失等)；忍受
suffer for表示因某事而受罰，suffer from表示患病等。
The iniured man was still suffering．
那位受傷的男子還正承受著折磨。
He’11 suffer for his foolery、他將會因自己蠢行受罰。
The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake．
這個城市因地震而遭到嚴重破壞。
She suffered from the strange disease．她承受著怪病的煎熬。
[考題9]--such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．(全國高考題)
A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered
[解析] 本題考察分詞短語作狀語的用法。分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子主語，而本句主語看似為it，實際it作形式主語，真正主語為不定式，而不定式前應視為省略其邏輯主語for people。這樣一來就清楚了，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，再依據(jù)already的提示，應用完成時態(tài)。，所以用Having suffered。[答案]A
10．meaningful adj.意味深長的。富有意義的
Without working．the life isn't meaningful．
不工作的人生是沒有意義的。
It is meaningful to sovle the diffculty．解決這個難點很有意義。
I hope to live a meaningfu1 life．我希望過一種有意義的生活。
[考題10]一Tom，P1ease don't watch too much TV．It's a waste of time．Hcw about doing something--instead?
一OK，mum，I’ll turn off it right now．
A．comfortable B．interesting C．meaningful D．good
[解析]根據(jù)語境分析，填meaningful較恰當；A、B兩項不合題意，D項太抽象，而且不地道，因為看電視也是一種娛樂，有趣舒適， 但沒有太大意義。[答案] C
11．fierce adj．兇猛的，猛烈的，強烈的
Oh! What a fieree tiger! 哇!多么兇猛的老虎!
There was a fierce storm last night．昨晚有一場暴風雨。
With a fierce effort,her maths has been greatly improved．
憑借拼命的努力，她的數(shù)學有了很大進步。
◇[考題1 1] In the history of chinese revolutionary，Taierzhuang
Battle was a--bame in which both sides suffered heavy losses．
A．fierce B．strong C．hot D．peaceful
[解析] 句意為“在中國革命史上，臺兒莊戰(zhàn)役是一場雙方損失慘重的激烈的戰(zhàn)斗�！眘trong表示“強壯的”，hot表示“因火熱而激烈的”，均不用于形容戰(zhàn)爭。D項語義相反。[答案] A
12．recover vt.．恢復；挽回；補救；復原
He was reeovering what was lost．他正在尋找失物。
His health was recoverd．他恢復了健康。
The businessman tried to recover his losses．那位商人試圖彌補他的損失。
Trade soon recovered from the efforts of the wars．
貿(mào)易擺脫了戰(zhàn)爭的影響而很快復蘇了。
◇[考題12] The team--its lead in the second half．
A．recovered B．restored C．recuperated D．remained
[解析]recover sth．from sb．／sth’．重新獲得時間、金錢、地位。句意為“該隊在下半場重新領先�！眗estore側重于用他力恢復原狀：recuperate側重從疲勞、疾病、損失中恢復。f答案] A
13．free from不受……的影響,免于…;免除…..,擺脫…..
She was free from all blame for the accident.
那次事故完全不能怪她。
It was once a beautiful city free from pollution.
過去這是一個美麗無污染城市。
I freed the bird from the cage.我把籠子里的那只鳥放出來了.
注:free of 無……的,擺脫……的
This booklet is free of charge.這本小冊子是免費.
◇[考題13]一What about the protection?
--Let’s keep the surface--dirty by putting a cover over it．
A．far from B．free from C．a(chǎn)part from D．a(chǎn)way from
[解析] A項意為“相距較遠”，c項意為‘‘離開”，D項意為離開,與題干中用遮蓋物來避免灰塵影響這一信息搭配不佳。[答案] B
14．disease ,illness與sickness的區(qū)別
disease是泛指任何疾病，全身的或個別器官的、任何原因引起的，尤指傳染病或諸如心臟病、癌癥等嚴重疾病�？捎糜诒扔髁x，可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞;i11ness是一般用詞、泛指 一切疾病，多指生病的狀態(tài)和有病期間，無淪長短或輕重，比較正式,常作可數(shù)名詞.
He has a history of heart disease．他有心臟病史。
He’s suffering from a serious illness．他生了一場大病.
◇[考題14] Violent crime is one of the most serious___of moder society．
A．illnesses Bdiseases C．sickness D．pains
[解析] 本題測試“疾病”的同義詞辨析問題。sickness是一般用詞，基本與illness同義，多抽象地指疾病和患病期間，還可指暈船、惡心、嘔吐等，常用作單數(shù)形式。本題中使用一種比喻義，表示“痼疾”。又如：
Rough seas caused mach sickness among the passengers．
洶涌的海浪使許多旅客都嘔吐了。[答案] B
15. as if 的兩種用法
(1) as if引起從句作狀語或表語(常放在act ,look ,sound ,smell,feel等后)從句中的動詞一般用虛擬語氣，有時也用自然語氣。
He acted as if nobody was around.他旁若無人。
I’ve loved you as if you were my son．
我愛你，就像你是我兒子一樣。
It’s cloudy．It looks as if it is going to rain．
天陰沉沉的�？雌饋硐褚掠辍�
(2)當從句主語同句子主語一致，從句謂語動詞中又包含動詞be時，這個主語和be可省略。
He paused as if(he was)expecting me to speak．
他停了一下好像在等我
◇[考題15] when a pencil is partly in a class of water，it looks as if--．(全國高考題)
A．breaks B．has broken C．were bIloken D．had been broken
[解析] 句意為“當鉛筆的一部分放在水中時，它看起來斷了�！�
實際上，我們知道，鉛筆根本未斷，這個現(xiàn)象是光的折射造成的。因此 as if后面的從句要用虛擬語氣動詞形式；但D項表示的動作過去發(fā)生．不符合題意。[答案] C。
16．現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時都可以表示最近發(fā)生的、對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生結果的動作和情況，但是二者的重要區(qū)別是：現(xiàn)在完成進行時著意于動作或情況的本身，把它看作是一種繼續(xù)的、延續(xù)的活動(不一定是結束了的)，而現(xiàn)在完成時則更看重動作的完成和目前產(chǎn)生的結果。試比較：
I must have a bath．I’ve been gardening all afternoon．
我一定得洗個澡，整個下午我都在花園里干活。(著意于繼續(xù)不斷的活動)
I’ve planted a lot of new rose bushes
我已經(jīng)種了許多叢玫瑰。(著意于
I’ve been reading your book．
我一直在讀你的書。(著意于繼續(xù)不斷努力)
I’ve read your book．我讀過了你的書。(著意于完成)
◇[考題16]
(1)一Hi，Tracy，you look tired．
--I am tired．I--the living room all day．(全國高考題)
A．painted B．had painted
C．have been painting D．have painted
[解析] 從句末的時間狀語是表示一段時間的all day來看，我油漆起居室工作一直在進行，甚至在說話時以及以后仍有可能繼續(xù)，所以應使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時來表示。[答案] C
(2)Often，when he--something that--him，he wasted his time drawing 1ittle pictures．(2004年大連八中雙基測試題)
A．should be doing；gave B．should have been doing was given
C．should do；was given D．should have been doing；had given
[解析】 第二空要用被動式，所以A、D兩項被排除；從、wasted可知“他理應做事”發(fā)生在過去，因此應該用should have been doing表示。[答案] B
17．imagine，appreciate的用法及其他
(1)imagine與appreeiate后面接動詞時，要接v-ing形式。
Can you imagne living without electricity?
你能想象沒有電的生活嗎?
Mary can’t imagine(her)marrying a man of that sort
瑪麗難以想象(她)嫁給那種男人后的情形。
I greatly appreciate your helping me．我非常感謝你幫了我的忙。
(2)常見的只能接v一ing形式作賓語的詞或詞組有：raind，enjoy，imagine，miss，escape，insist on，be worth，be used to，understand，can’t help，consider(考慮)，avoid，finish，devote．．．to，look forward to等
◇[考題17]
(1)she looks forward every spring to--the flowerlined garden．(上海高考題)
A．visit B．paying a visit C．walk in D．walking in
(2)The time he has devoted in the past ten years--the disabled is now considered--of great value．(南京質(zhì)檢題)
A．to help；being B．to helping；to be
C．help；to be D．helping；being
[解析] (1)1ook forward to中的to為介詞，因此它后面的動詞應,用v-ing形式。若選B，則a visit后要加to。(2)第一空測試devote．．to的用法，介詞to后用v-ing形式；第二空與consider的用法相關。作“考慮”講，后接v-ing形式，但本題測試“被當作”用法，后接to be。答案(1)D (2) B
18．修飾可數(shù)／不可數(shù)名詞有哪些詞或詞組
(1)a great deal of
(2)a large amotmt of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞
(3)much／little
(4)a great／good many
(5)a numberer of 修飾可數(shù)名詞
(6)many/few
(7)plenty of 既可修飾
(8)a lot of／lots of 可數(shù)名詞
(9)a Iarge quantity of／quantities of 又可修飾
(10)a mass of／masses of 不可數(shù)名
(11)some／any 詞
[考題18]
(1)In the activities，we received--interesting books and magazines．
A. a great number of B．a(chǎn) great deal of
C．a(chǎn) large amount of D．a(chǎn) good plenty of
(2)-the students have been sent to help cut rice on the farm．
A．A good many B.The number of
C．A great many of D．A great deal of
[解析] (1)所修飾的中心名詞為可數(shù)名詞。(2)所修飾的可數(shù)名詞前多了一個定冠詞the，那么本題含義是“這些學生當中的很多學生”。而a good many后直接接復數(shù)名詞形式，the number of表示“……的數(shù)目’’以及D項只修飾不可數(shù)名詞均被排除。[答案] (1)A (2)C
19．含break的詞組小結
break into破門而入；突然……；打斷
break out爆發(fā)
break down拋錨；壞了；流產(chǎn)、破裂；中斷
break up驅(qū)散；分開；拆散
break off 折斷,突然終止
break away from脫離；改掉
The thieves planned to break into a bank． 強盜們密謀搶銀行。
My ear broke down，so 1 was 1ate． 車子壞了，因此我遲到了。
◇[考題19]
A war broke--．To make things worse,my ear broke
--on the way to escape．
A. out；into B．off；up C．down；away D．out；down
[解析]分析句子意思，很明確地看出來‘‘(戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)，，及(車輛)壞了”兩個詞組的含義。前者用break out(無被動式)，后者用breakdown(無被動式)。[答案]D
20. via 的用法, prep.憑借,通過,經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由
He flew to Washington via New York.他搭機由紐約飛往華盛頓.
The programe was telecast live via satellite.
該節(jié)目經(jīng)由衛(wèi)星以電視現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播.
I sent a message to Mary via her sister.
He sent me a love letter via airmail
21. take every chance /take a chance/take chances
冒險一試,碰運氣,投機
Come on, and take a chance..You may lose,but it’s worth trying.
來,冒險一試,也許你會失敗,但值得嘗試.
22.to the full/fullest 充分地,盡情地,非常
He lived his life to the full.他盡情地過了一生.
They displayed to the full their talent and wisdom.
他們充分展現(xiàn)了自己的才華和智慧.
We appreciated to the full our teacher’s help.
23 contract vt.
(1) 感染(疾病),染上(惡習),招致(惡果)
My son has contracted pneumonia. 得了肺炎.
contract …..with …與…訂合同,承包……
(2) 收縮
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
金屬熱脹冷縮.
24．deadly及其派生詞 ．
deadly是形容詞，意為“致命的”、“徹底的”：dead 是形容詞，表示“死了的”；die是動詞，表示“死”的動作；death是名詞，表示某人的“死訊”或死亡這一事件；dying除作為die的現(xiàn)在分詞，還可作形容詞，意為“垂死的”，“臨終的”。
Cancer is deadly disease．癌癥是致命疾病。
They sat in deadly silence．他們在死寂中靜坐。
His father has been dead for two years．他父親死了兩年了。
The dying man felt painful． 那個快要死的人感到痛苦。 l
◇[考題24] (1)People there soon came to regard the white settlers as their--enemy．
A．deadly B．dying C．dead D．death
[解析]題干信息為“人們很快就將白人定居者視為他們的死敵。選項B、C均不合語境，D項更不可能用作形容詞。[答案]A
(2)He was shot--in a gun fight．
A．deadly B．dying C．death D．dead
[解析] 句意為“他在一次槍戰(zhàn)中被擊斃。”[答案]D
(3)The great musician--for 3 years．
A．died B．was dying C．has been dead D．has died
[解析]for 3 years表示“一段時間”，不可與短暫動詞連用。die為短暫動詞，dead才為延續(xù)性動詞。[答案]C
◇[考題25](1)We hadn’t met for20 years but I recognized him--I saw him．
A．for the moment B．for a moment C．the moment D．a(chǎn)t the moment
[解析] 句意為“雖然我們已經(jīng)有二十年沒相見了，但我一看到他我就認出了他。”只有the moment是“一…就”的意思，故選C項。
(2)The number is engaged--．Call again later．
A．a(chǎn)ny moment B．a(chǎn)ny minute C．of moment D．a(chǎn)t the moment
[解析] any moment／minute隨時，馬上；of moment重要的；at the moment現(xiàn)在；句意為“這個號現(xiàn)在占線，請稍后再撥。”[答案] D
◇[考題26] (1)His wish that he--so many mistakes in yesterday’s examination is understandable．
A．didn’t make B．should not make
C．doesn’t make D．hadn’t made
[解析] wish作動詞用后接賓語從句時，謂語用虛擬語氣，但它用于“It is/was wished that．．．”結構的主語從句，以及名詞wish后面的同位語從句和表語從句中，謂語動詞仍須采用以上三種虛擬語氣形式。如：
It is wished(=People wish)that he were still alive．
人們希望他還活著。(He is dead．) [答案] D
(2)-the English examination，I--to the pop concert with you now．
A．In spite of；will go B．Because of；would go
C．But for；would go D．As for；went
[解析] 分析句子大意可知，本題是個虛擬語氣句子。詞組中只有but for(要不是)可以引導；且對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬(句中時間狀語為now)。[答案]C
教材課后習題解答j
Textbook Word study 1．(1)infected(2)incurable(3)discouraged(4)defenseless,
2．(1)proper (2)disease (3)lack (4)cheer
(5)persuade(6)cure (7)available (8)prevents
Grammar
1(2)It’s a great pity that she isn’t here with me and we’re sick.
(3)It’s a great pity that people won't find out the facts and act as if I am a bad or dangerous person
(4)It’s a great pity that I am not you，so 1 won’t give an AIDS patient a hug．
(5)It’s a great pity that I don’t have HIV．so 1 won’t know because 1 won’t feel sick．
2(1)1 wish I could have a big birthday cake on my birthday．
(2)1 wish I could go to see the meteor storm with her．
(3)1 wish I had a magic lamp．
3(1)1 wish I could solve my problems．
(2)1 wish you hadn’t been working too hard．
(3)1 wish I could forget the terrible scene．
(4)1 wish we had got enough money．
(5)1 wish the performance would go well．
(6)1 wish I had many friends
4(1)If I had enough money，I would buy these books．
(2)If it were not cold and wet outside,we would leave the children play in the garden．
(3)If I were you，I wouldn’t be wasting so much time to play computer games．
(4)If he didn’t have to work hard all day long，he would have time to do the shopping．
5(1)If I were a famous person for a day,I would make many wise decisions．
(2) If I were invisible for a day，I would visit that secret laboratory．
(3)If I had a lot of money,I would hire a spaceship and go to visit the moon．
(4)If I could change one thing about me，I would make me grow taller. l
(5)If I were the teacher，I would not punish that careless boy．
6．(1)Sarah 1ooks at her husband as if he were a stranger
(2)They are talking as if they were friends．
(3)Mr Hammer speaks to me as if I were a kid．
(4)I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday．
Workbook
Vocabulary
1．(1)C (2)D (3)A (4)B (5)B (6)A (7)C (8)A (9)D (10)C
Grammar
1．(1)were to do (2)wuold call (3)were (4)had
(5)were (6)could go (7)had had (8)would stop
2(1)I would have the same feeling．
(2)t}lat were not true．
(3)1 would follow the doctor's advice／do as the doctor said．
(4)would be／become more anxious．
(5)what my life would be like．
(6)I could live longer to study，play and enjoy life with you／so that I could study with you,play with you and enjoy with you the happiness in life．
單元知識梳理與能力整合
一、重點單詞
meaningful virus proper illness radiation deadly heroin boyfriend via discourage liquid fighter imaginary immune identify mosquito cheer contrary infect transfusion billionaire prevention transmit visible stranger
persuade network unprotected sample route defensive weep cell defenseless specialist sex disrupt donation diagnose chemical treatment lack contagious cocaine
二、詞匯拓展
1．dead-death(n．)一die(v．)一deadly(adj.)致命的
2．imaginary(adj.)--imagine(v.)---imagination(m)
3．defenseless---defense(n．)一defensive(adj.)一defend(v)
4．discourage---courage(n．)_+encourage(v)
5．meaningful---meaning(n)-+mean(v)
6．prevention---prevent(v)
7．Treatment---treat(v.)
三、重點短語 ．
1．1ive with… 接受或容忍
2．take notes of 作記錄
3．miIlions of 幾百萬的
4．break down 打破；毀掉；壞掉
5．immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)
6．in one's case 至于；就……來說
7．die of 死于
8．not…until 直到……才
9．take care of 照顧；照看
10．the total number of 總數(shù)為…… ．
11．a(chǎn) lack of 缺少……
12．much too．．． 非常；太……
13．have a chance to do 有機會做……
14．spend…in doing 花(時間，金錢等)做某事
15．cheer…up (使)感到振奮
16．suffer from 患……�。皇堋�
17．deal with 處理；對付；消除18．find out 查清
19．a(chǎn)s if 好像……
20．give sb．a(chǎn) hug 擁抱某人
21take sb．to hospital帶某人去住院
22．a(chǎn) great many很多；大量的，極多
23．take samples of 采樣
24．go to end 完結，結束
25．a(chǎn)t the wrong time 在錯誤的時候
26 on the contrary 相反地
27 keep sb．from doing 阻止……做某事
28．to the fullest 完美
29．belong to 屬于 3
0．be afraid of 害怕
31．know about 了解
32．take a chance 利用機會，碰碰運氣
四、句型與交際
1．I think that…-because…
2．First．…
3．One reason is that…
4．For example…．
5．If we／they were to．．．．we／they could．．．
6．Perhaps，but what if/about…?
7．Have you thought about…?
8．What makes you think that…?
9．Could you please explain…?
10．If I were you．I would．．．
11．a(chǎn)fter having(been)done
12．1 wish I could remember…
13…．there is(no)reason why-clause．
14．I remember having an empty feeling…
15．first…then．．．
五、語法：as if及wish引導的虛擬語氣
1.as if 引導的虛擬語氣
時態(tài) 從句
對過去進行虛擬 (as if)+主語+had done
對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬 (as if)+主語+did／were／was
對將來進行虛擬 (as if)+主語+would／could do sth．
2 wish引導的虛擬語氣
時態(tài) 從句
對過去進行虛擬 (wish)+主語+had done
對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬 (wish)+主語+did／were
對將來進行虛擬 (wish)+主語+would／could do
高考題剖析
[例1]Taking a plane is the qulekest--to get to Tibet．
A．mode B．manner C．means D．method
[解析] 句意為“乘坐飛機去西藏是最快的方法�！彼膫�選項及與way都可表示“方式，方法”.means指整套的方法或使用某些工具、材料、交通工具等；mode指習俗或愛好所養(yǎng)成的思考、行為、說話、協(xié)作等方面的習慣方式；manner指個人特殊的行事或處理問題的方法；method指具體、系統(tǒng)有步驟的方法，強調(diào)理性及高效率；way為常用語，既可指具體方法。又可指抽象方法；既可指一般的方法，又可指個人獨特的方式。[答案] C
[例2] (2003年安徽春季高考)The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if--whether he was going in the right direction．
A．seeing B．having seen C．to have seen D．to see
[解析] 表題考查as if引導的表語從句中的省略用法。此句中從句與主句的主語一致，從句中主語及動詞be可省略。句意為“我們跟蹤的那個男人，突然停下來，看上去好像是去判斷是否走對了方向．．”由題意得知，他停下來的目的好像是為了辨別是否走對了方向，故用動詞不定式。C項雖然也是動詞不定式，但它表示的是已完成的動作，不合題意；A、B兩項是現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，顯然不合語境。試比較：From time to time he turned round as though (he were /was ) searching for someone.
[例3] (2004年上海高考)Words______ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the buming house．
A．failed B．1eft C discouraged D disappointed
[解析] 句意為“當我想表達對他從失火的房子里救出我兒子的謝意時,我卻說不出話來�！眆ail處意為“缺少，缺乏”，words failed me意為“我說也說不出來”，或譯為“我找不到適當言辭”。leave'‘留下”，后常雙賓語；discourage是本單元學習的一個單詞。意為“使氣餒，使沮喪”；disappoint"使失望”。
[例4] (2001年上海高考)As a result of destroying the forests a large__________of desert covered the land.
A．number；has B．quantity；has
Cnumber have D. quantity ,have
[解析] 本題考查固定搭配及主謂一致。因desert為不可數(shù)名詞，故不能用a large number of(因其后要跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù).)因本題的主語是單數(shù),故謂動用has.
例5 ---Shall I buy the house?
-----If I ____you,I ______buy it.
A．were；wouldn’t B．were；won't
C．a(chǎn)m；wouldn't D．was；mustn't
[解析] 本題考查虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的應用.注意辨別if引導的真實條件句和if引導的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別。答案 A
[例6 Wang Fang--to co1lege last year．unfortunately，she couldn’t take the examinations because of a sudden illness.
A．could go B．did go
C. could have gone D. must have gone
[解析] 本題考查虛擬語氣。首先應明確could go與could have gone所表示的時間概念。該題常錯選A項或D項。情態(tài)動詞(should，could ,might，ought)+不定式的完成式．表示“過去本應該(本可以……)做某件事，而實際上并未做”的含義。情態(tài)動詞could+動詞原形，表示“過去將要去做”或“過去能做的事”。must+動詞不定式的完成式，表示“一定做過了”。句意為“王芳去年本可以上大學，不幸的是，因一場突然的病,她未能參加考試.答案 C
7．(2004年福建高考題)
一How do you--we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-I think we'd better fly there．It's much more comfortable．
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest
[解析] 從We go可知中間省略了should，四個動詞中除D項外A項也有此用法，但語義不對。答案 D
8．(2003年全國高考題)News reports say peace talks between the
two countries--with no agreement reached．
A．have broken down B．have broken out
C．have broken in D．have broken up
[解析]從語境看，所缺詞組的含義應為“(談判、計劃等)破裂：流產(chǎn)”。
[答案]A
9．(2003年上海高考題)The young dancers 1ooked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took--pictures of them．
A．many of B．masses of
C．the number of D．a(chǎn) large amount of
[解析]picture為可數(shù)名詞，所以應由修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞組來修飾，而masses of(=a mass of)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。A項中of多余，C項不合題意，D項只修飾不可數(shù)名詞。[答案] B
10．(2001年上海高考題)I really appreciate--to relax with you on this nice island．
A．to have had time B．having time
C．to have time D．to having time
[解析]appreciate后接動名詞作賓語。這句話的意思是“我真的喜歡和你一起在這個迷人的小島上放松一下。”答案] B
11．(2001年上海春季高考題)Mr．Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to--some schoo1s for poor children．
A．set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up
[解析] to devote sth．to后接動名詞作賓語。實際上，all he had作devoted的賓語，是一個賓語從句。這句話的意思是“利德先生決定用自己所有的一切為貧困兒童建造幾所學校�！盵答案] B
12．(1996年上海高考題)While shopping，people sometimes can’t help--into buying something they don’t really need．
A．to persuade B．persuading
C．being persuaded D．be persuaded
[解析]can’t help doi趣stll．表示“情不自禁地做桌事”，又因為此處people與persuade之間存在動賓關系，所以persuade應用被動式，所以可以排除A、B、D三個選項。[答案] C
13．(上海高考題)Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night--，too cold for us to live．
A．would be freezing cold B．will be freezing coldly
C．would be frozen co1d D．can freeze coldly
[解析] 此題涉及常識，大家都知道，事實上地球上空氣是存在的，所以本題應用虛擬語氣。另外，freezing在這里是very的意思，所以C對。
改錯：
Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible of 56--
you to answer．My dentist had just pulled one of 57--．
my tooth and had told me to have a rest for a while．I 58--
managed to say something，but my mouth was full of 59--
cotton wool。He knew I collected match boxes and asked 60--
me whether my collection was grown．He then asked me 6l-
how my brother was and I liked my new job in London． 62--
In answer to these questions，I either nodded nor made 63．--
strange noises．When the dentist at last removed off 64．--
the cotton wool from my mouth，I am able to tell him
that he had pulled out the wrong tooth． 65--
答案:56 of---for 57 pull后加out pull out 為拔出,58 tooth---teeth 59 magaged---tried 60 .√ 61.grown 改為growing.這里不應用被動,而是表示過去進行時態(tài). 62. I 前加whether/if. 詢問我 “是否”喜歡在倫敦的新工作. 63.nor 改為 or. either… or 為固定結構.64.去掉 off .remove 是及物動詞. 65.am --- was
單 元 檢 測 題
一. 單項填空
1 He is used to collective life and feels--whan he is left--．
A．1onely；lonely B alone；alone
C．1onely；alone D．a(chǎn)1one；lonely
2 It might be dangerous，but that’s the chance you have to--，sir．
A．make B．take C．fetch D．hold
3--Did John ask you to play tennis this Saturday?
____-Yes，but 1 wish it_______ raining before tomorrow．
A. stops B. stopped C .will stop D. would stop
4You do live very far,but--no reason--you can't be in time for schoo1．
A．there’s；why B．there’s；which
C．it’s；why D．it’s；which
5 I felt sick this morning and my mum iminediately took me to hospital to--．
A．have me to examine B．have examined me
C．have me examined D．have to examine me
6 It’s no use tring to--him to give up smoking；he won’t listen．
A．persuade B．a(chǎn)dvise C．discourage D．prevent
7一You don’t like football，do you?
--，I like it very much．
A．Not at all B．0n the contrary
C．Next to never D．0n all sides
8一Do you know Edward Wilson?
--The name sounds fami1iar but I don’t remember--him．
A．to meet B．meeting
C．that I have ever met D．of having met
9 You'd better give the plant a bit of water every now and than to keep it--too dry．
A．to get B．got C．getting D．from getting
10 Many companies give away small quantities of their produce as--，so that people can try tham before buying them．
A．experiences B．experiments C．examples D．samples
11一Cars moved very slowly in the 1920’s．
--Yes，but，they--more quickly than in 1910．
A．did move B．were to move C．should move D．had moved
12 From time to time a wave burst over the boat and swept over him,but he kept_____ for ten minutes．
A．to work B．to working C．working D．on work
13 He had to take the medicine three times a day,so as to be--pain in the leg．
A．far from B．a(chǎn)way from C．a(chǎn)part from D．free from
14 Many new--will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．
A．opportunities B．necessities
C．realities D．possibi1ities
15 In her body，cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time，_______it difficult for the body to function properly．
A．made B．making
C．to make D．having made
二 完形填空
Some people cannot learn in ordinary schools．Physical or l handicap(殘疾)prevents a child from 1earning．Today new 2 are being used in special schoo1s to help the disabled learn．
A school is being 3 in New Jersey，U.S．A．It is called Bancroft．Here the disabled will be trained to 4 themselves and to get along in the outside world．
Bancroft is not surrounded by 5 of any kind．Its director insists that it be 6 so that students may gradually develop normal relations with the rest of the world．Bancroft students will 7 in apartments，cooking their own meals，and learning to perform other-8-．As they become -9-， they will buy their own furniture，paying for it out of their own earnings．They will pay for their food，too．They will learn to expect 10 bills for the calls they make every month．
As a step toward the goal of becoming-11 ，each disabled person will decide what kind of work he wants to be l 2 to do．While some of the training will be carried on within Bancroft itself，most of the students wi1l receive 1 3 training in nearby towns．They will be trained by town people．
After the training has been 14 completed，the student wiIl work as an assistant and wi11 begin to earn money．After that he wi1l leave Bancroft，-15 the school wnl continue to give him help if he 16 it．
How long will it take a student to 1 7 his training under this new system?The director says．“For some a year will be 18 ．For others it might take ten years．”For all，however，this method offers new 1 9 ．Many will learn to be 20 and independent，supporting themselves in the world．
1 A．spi rit B．mental C．thought D．body
2 A．plans B．decisions C．tools D．methods
3 A．turned up B．set up C．searched forD．1onged for
4 A．enjoy B．teach C．help D．support
5 A．trainers B．students C．trees D．walls
6 A free B．open C．quiet D．different
7 A．1ive B．study C．hide D．cook
8 A．operations B．tasks C．plays D．a(chǎn)cts
9 A．strong B．health C．a(chǎn)ble D．happy
10 A．telephone B．education C．housing D．food
11A．brave B．clever C．1earned D．independent
12 A．a(chǎn)sked B．sent c．trained D．made
13 A．1ife B．job c．body D．mind
14 A．successfully B．gradually C．quickly D．hardly
15 A．a(chǎn)nd B．but c．so D．or
16 A．needs B．a(chǎn)sks c．gets D．offers
17 A．receive B．get c．complete D．stop
18 A．short B．enough c．good D．1ong
19 A．ideas B．a(chǎn)bilities c．time D．work
20 A．helpful B．careful c．useful D．cheerful
三.閱讀理解
A
40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of．But when the yearly games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville,England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann，the situation began to change．
Sir Ludwig Guttmann，who had been driven to England in1939 from Nazi Germany，had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at Stoke Mandevnle Hospital near London．His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled．
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part．The next year，1 949，five teams took part．From those beginnings，things have developed fast．Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year．In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome，in the same place as the normal Olympic Games．Now，every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held，if possible，in the same place as the normal Olympic Games，although they are organized separately．In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville．In the 1984 wheelchair,Olympic Games，1064 wheelchair athletes(運動員)from about
40 countries took part．Unfortunately，they were held at Stoke Mandevine and not in Los Angeles，along with the other Olympics．
The Games have been a great success in helping the progress of international friendship and understanding，and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport．0ne small source(來源)of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games，however,has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee(委員會)to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the
able-bodied．Perhaps a few more years are stnl needed to persuade those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should be included．
1.The first games for the disabled were held--after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England．
A．40 years B．21 years C．10 years D．9 years
2.Besides stoke Mandeville，surely the games for the disabled were once held in--．
A．New York B．London C．Rome D．Los Angeles
3.This text tells us that Sir Ludwig Guttmann--．
A．is an early organizer of the games for the able-bodied．
B．is welcomed by the British government
C．is an injured soldier
D．is from England
4.From the passage，we may know that the writer is______
A．one of the organizers of the games for the disabled
B．a(chǎn) disabled person who once took part in the games
C．a(chǎn)gainst ho1ding the games for the disabled
D．in favour of holding the games for the disabled
B
Eddie is a handicapped child．He was functionally(官能地)blind and deaf in one ear．
In spite of his inborn disability，Eddie seems to have a good sense of music．His mother knows that and bought him a toy piano for Christmas．
At church that day，Eddie listened silently wh|le the rest of the family sang along with the music．As soon as he returned home，he flung himself at the little piano．He seemed angry at it as he produced only noise，so his mother put it in the closet．Two weeks later，returning from a church service once more，Eddie uttered his first words，“Mommy，piano，piano．”This time he started to play every hymn(圣歌)he had heard in church．A1l his family members looked at each other in surprise．“Eddie plays the piano，”they say．
Since then Eddie has been taught by a young piano teacher from a university．Now he can perform classic music by Mozart and Schumann．He has learned to read music．He also plays jazz，pop and background music he hears on television shows．“The boy has a bright future，”his teacher says．
1“A handicapped child is a child who--．
A．has no hands B．has a disability
C．is blind in one eye D．is deaf in one ear
2.The toy piano was given to him--．
A．a(chǎn)s a birthday present B．a(chǎn)s a Christmas present
C by his father D . at the church
3 At church that day Eddie--．
A．sang with his family
B．ran about playing
C．1istening silently to the music
D．danced with the rest of his family.
4 Which of the following is true?
A． After returning from the church，Eddie at once played the piano and he played very well．
B．When Eddie got home，he got angry because he heard nothing at church．
C．After returning home，Eddie shouted and made a 1ot of noise．
D．Eddie could play the music when he returned from the church the second time．
5.According to what his teacher said，Eddie--．
A．will play not better in the future
B．will be successful in the future
C．must go to college for further study
D．must be given a real piano as a present
C
A Child Who Could Not See．Hear，Or Speak For the first nineteen months of her Iife．Helen Keller was like other
pretty happy babias in every way．Then a sudden i11ness destroyed her sight and hearing．Because she could not hear what other people were saying，the child could not learn to speak．For the next seven years。she lived in a world of darkness,without sounds or words.
The person who changed Helen’s world was her teacher.Anne Sullivan，who entered her life on March 3，1887．MissSullivan had accepted a job which seemed imposm‘ble．She had agreed to teach a blind child who had never learned to act like a human being，because no one had ever been able to guide her in any way．No one could control Helan．She acted like young animal，rushing wildly around，throwing things，and hitting anyone whom she could reach．Who could believe that such a child could be taught?
But Anne Sullivan was a very special kind of teacher．She had been blind during part of her own chndhood and had learned to read Braille，a system of writing that uses raised dots which can be felt by the fingers of a blind person．She had learned to see again after several operations，but she had never forgotten the experience of being blind．
Miss Sullivan understood Helen．She loved her and believed she could teacher．Anne Sullivan could not teach Helan Keller to speak untill some other important things had been learned．The little girl had to learn to control her actions and feelings．She had to learn that she could not always do what
she wished to do．She had always been able to get what she wanted by using force．The teacher had to change such habits without breaking the child’s spirit．
Miss Sullivan’s battle began．Sometimes，there was real fighting between the wild chi1d and the strong young teacher．At last，however，the battle was won by Miss Sullivan，who had succeeded in showing Helan that she loved her and wanted to help her．The chnd and her teacher became friends．They continued to be friends untn the teacher’s death，fifty years later．
The day on which Helan finally accepted Miss Sullivan as her friend and teacher was a great day in Helan’s life．After that．the teacher could begin to teach the child language．
1.Helen Keller acted like a wild animal for she--．
A．had never had a teacher
B．could not understand any words
C．had never learned to know the world around
D．could not hear anyone speak
2--，Sullivan believed she could teach Helen．
A．Being a blind person herself
B．Having learned Braille when she was young
C．Having been specially trained to be a teacher
D．Knowing how a blind child feels
3 Helan--and so she could neither hear nor learn to speak．
A．1ost her hearing at an early age
B．had disease with her ears and tongue
C．1ost her ability in hearing and speaking
D．did not know any words
4 The most important thing for Helen was that she should learn____ ．
A．not always to use force
B．to keep her spirit from breaking
C．to tell what was wrong and what was right
D．not to get angry again
5 Sullivan won the battle--．
A．because she was stronger than Helan
B．by helping Helan understand why they fought
C．through fighting until she beat Helen
D．through real fighting and beating
D
Lisa is ten years old．She is handicapped(殘疾)because she has brain damage．She could not do even the most simple thing unti1 a year ago．She could not comb(梳理)her hair or feed herself．Her parents loved her．But they treated her like a baby．
Mr． Ching has a daughter and a son．They are both grown．They live far from their father．Mr．Ching felt 1onely．He decided to do something about it．He decided to become a foster grandfather to a handicapped chnd．And that was how he met Lisa．
Foster grandparents are grandparents who are not related by birth，but foster grandparents 1ove the children they care for．They love them j ust as natural grandparents love their grandchidren．
The foster grandparents also help the handicapped children in special ways．They help to dress and feed the chiidren．They read to them and tell them stories．They also help with handicapped children’s therapy．Therapy is the treatment of a disease or disorder．It helps the children overcome their handicaps．
Mr．Ching became a foster grandparent to Lisa when she was nine years old．At first，Lisa was shy．She was afraid because Mr．Ching was a stranger．But he came to see her everyday．GraduaIly，she began to trust him．
At 1ast Lisa let Mr.Ching do things for her．He came at lunchtime and fed her．0ne day he handed the spoon(匙子)and guided it to her mouth．He told her she must 1earn to feed herself．
“Most of that lunch anded up on us instead of in Lisa’s mouth，”Mr．Ching remembers．“But it was a start for Lisa．She learned to feed herself in a few months．”
Then Lisa was ready for more therapy，thanks to Mr.Ching．She had learned to do one simple thing．She could learn to do other simple things．Mr． Ching was trained to help with Lisa’s therapy．
To become foster grandparents，people must be at least sixty years old and in good health．They must be willing to give their time to handicapped children．They are volunteers(志愿者)，so they are not paid．They are giyen money for expenses sueh as transportation．
Mr．Ching speaks for most foster grandparents when he says，“We all benefit(受益)．The handicapped children benefit because we help them live more useful lives．And we benefit because we know the children need us and love us．For any person，there’s no greater happiness than that!”
1 Why did Lisa need help?
A．She was a baby．
B．She did got want to do anything．
C．She had brain damage．
D．She was a blind girl．
2 How oftan did Mr．Ching visit Lisa?
A．Every day． B．Every other day．
C．Every week． D．Twice a wee k．
3 Which five things do foster grandparents do for handicapped children?
a．1ove them b．dress them c．1ive in their homes d．feed tham
e．charge them money f．read to them g tell them stories
h．make fun of them
A．a(chǎn)，b，d，e，f B．a(chǎn)，c，e，f，h
C．b，c，d，f，g D．a(chǎn)，b，d，f，g
4 What does the word“foster'”mean?
A．Elderly． B．Related by birth．
C．Not related bv birth． D．Kind-hearted．
5 How did Lisa first feel toward Mr．Ching?
A．Shy． B．Friendly． C．Angry． D．Happy．
E
It is estimated(估計)that some seven handred million people--about half the world’s adult population--are unable to read or write，and there are probably two hundred and fifty million more whose level is so slight that it barely(勉強)qualfies(稱得上)as literacy(有文化)．
Recently the attack on illiteracy had been stepped up．A world plan has been drawn up by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris，as part of the United Nations Develdpment Decade(十年計劃)，and an international conference of the subiect has also been held．UNESCO stresses that functional(官能的)literacy is the aim．People must learn the basic skills
of responm’ble citizenship；the ability to read notices，newspapers，timetables，1etters，price-lists to keep simple records and accounts，to sort out the signil‘icance of the information gathered--and to fill in forms．
The major areas of illiteracy are in Asia，Africa，and Central and South America．In Africa there are at least one hundred million illiterates，which is eighty to eighty-five percent of the total population．In Europe the figure is about twenty-four million；most of them are in Southern Europe．With Spain，Italy，Portugal，and Yugoslavia heading the list(the United Kingdom has about seven hundred thousand)．
It is urgent(迫切的)for each country in the world,whether poor or rich，to wipe out illiteracy．
1.The figure of illiteracy in Britain is ．
A o.1％of that of illiteracy in the world
B．o.2％of the world's adult population
C．35％of Europe's population
D．3．5％of that of the illiteracy in Southern Europe
2.A world plan mentioned in the passage aims at ．
A．training responsible citizens B．enforcing the functions of UNESCO
C．helping illiterates learn how to read and write
D．a(chǎn)sking Southern European countries to take the lead in attacking illiteracy
3.The author implies(暗示)that this world plan is to_______ ．
A．be carried out in the maj’or areas of illiteracy like Mrica
B．be realized in ten years
C．be drawn up by Parisian experts
D．be discussed at an international conference
4.According to the passage，which country has the most illiterates?
A．France． B．The U．S．A．C．Spain． D．England．
§6．4短文改錯
I can't swim because I have a strong fear of water．
Look back at my childhood experience，I think 1. ____．
that three reason might explain the fear．The first reason 2．--
is that 1 was not allowed to go near the water 3_____
when 1 was a child．for my mother had unreasonable 4．--
fear of it．So，even as a child I was taught see the 5______
water as something danger．Second,my eyes became 6．--
bad ones when I was five．If I took off my glasses in the 7．--
water，I couldn't see anything。but this increased my 8______
fear．The worst part of your experience is that as a 9_____．
child of ten I see a neighbor drown．Since then I 10_____．
have been more frightened．
§6．5書面表達
今天是7月5日(星期三)。早晨風雨交加，在上學的路上發(fā)生了這樣一件事：
你校一名少先隊員張雷在街道的拐角處，準備穿過馬路時，看個盲人正穿過馬路，這時一輛卡車飛馳而來，張雷奮不顧身地沖過去救了他。然后張雷匆匆忙忙趕往學校，她告訴了老師在路上發(fā)生的事情，老師表揚了她。
根據(jù)此情景用英語寫一篇日記。詞數(shù)90左右。
§6．1單項填空
1.c 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．c 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D
10．D 11．A 12．c 13．D 14．A 15．B
§6．2完形填空 I
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．c
10．A 11．D 12．c 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．A 17．c