一、直擊課標(biāo)要求
1.語言目標(biāo)
Ask for information politely.
2.重點(diǎn)詞匯
restroom drugstore main escalator furniture exchange hang fresh slide clown adventure wrap hero monkey king journey brave trick demon period AD battle powerful political force foreign beauty heart hunter slam dunk crime imagination plain creativity look
department store furniture store hang out water slide dress up no longer Monkey King The Three Kingdoms
3.關(guān)鍵句型
Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?
Take the elevator to the second floor.
Turn left.
The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.
Go past the bank.
Do you know where I can exchange money?
The bank is next to the bookstore.
Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum.
I've been collecting them for many years.
4.語法
問路和指路
祈使句
二、課前學(xué)習(xí)提示
(一)詞匯
1.exchange [iks't.eind/] vt.交換,交流,交易,兌換;作不及物動(dòng)詞用表示“調(diào)換崗位”;它還可作名詞用。
【例】
(1)The two girls exchanged seats.
這兩個(gè)女生調(diào)換了座位。
(2)Again she exchanged words with her neighbour.
她又同鄰居吵架了。
(3)They exchanged U.S.dollars for Francs.
他們把美元換成了法郎。
(4)Lucy exchanged from Class Three into Class Two.
露西從三班調(diào)到了二班。
(5)We had a frank exchange of views.
我們坦率地交換了意見。
(6)She gave him a valuable stamp and received a song book in exchange.
她給他一張珍貴的郵票,換來一本歌曲集。
2.hang[h#0] vt.& vi.懸掛,垂下,徘徊,懸而不決,它的過去式、過去分詞是hung,hung或hanged,hanged。hang不可作“吊死,絞死”用,其過去式和過去分詞是hanged,hanged。另外hang可作名詞用,表示“要點(diǎn),訣竅”。
【例】
(1)She hung her husband's portrait on the wall.
她把丈夫的肖像掛在墻上。
(2)The window was hung with green curtains.
窗上掛著綠色窗簾。
(3)Long tassels hung down to the floor.
長長的纓子垂到地面。
(4)The decision is still hanging.
尚未做出決定。
(5)The man was hanged in 1947.
那人一九四七年被絞死了。
(6)He believes he's got the hang of driving.
他自信已領(lǐng)會(huì)了開車的要領(lǐng)。
(7)I don't get the hang of his remarks.
我不明白他講話的要點(diǎn)。
3.fresh [fre.] adj.新鮮的,新的,無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,清新的,精神飽滿的等。
【例】
(1)He doesn't want to speak as he is still fresh here.
他新到這里,所以不想發(fā)言。
(2)The brilliant performance are still fresh in people's memory.
那次精彩的演出人們記憶猶新。
(3)I prefer fresh pork to bacon.
我寧愿吃鮮豬肉,不愿吃臘肉。
(4)She is a fresh hand at the job.
她做這項(xiàng)工作還是新手。
(5)Open the window and let in some fresh air.
打開窗戶放些新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。
(6)He felt exhausted while the children remained fresh.
他感到精疲力竭,而孩子們卻是精神飽滿。
4.slide [slaid] vi & vt.滑動(dòng),不知不覺地陷入,把……偷偷放入。它的過去式,過去分詞是slid,slid(slidden)。
【例】
(1)The boy hurt his hand when sliding on the ice.
這男孩溜冰時(shí)把手跌傷了。
(2)The chopsticks slid from her hand.
筷子從她手中滑落。
(3)He slid into the classroom while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.
當(dāng)老師在黑板上寫字時(shí),他偷偷地溜進(jìn)教室。
(4)He slid the money into his pocket.
他把錢偷偷放進(jìn)衣袋里。
5.trick [trik] vt.哄騙,打扮;n.詭計(jì),騙局,謀略,惡作劇,竅門,習(xí)慣等。
【例】
(1)He tried to trick me into gambling with him.
他想哄騙我同他賭博。
(5)It didn't take him long to learn the tricks of the trade.
他不久就學(xué)會(huì)了這一行業(yè)的竅門。
(6)She has a trick of stroking her hair at the temple before speaking.
她有個(gè)說話先理頭發(fā)的習(xí)慣。
6.battle ['b#tl] n.戰(zhàn)爭,戰(zhàn)役,勝利?勺鞑患拔飫(dòng)詞用,表示“作戰(zhàn),斗爭”。
【例】
(1)Her son fell in battle.
她兒子在戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲了。
(2)We must fight to win the battle.
我們必須打贏這一仗。
(3)The battle is to the brave and righteous.
勝利屬于勇敢和正直的人。
(4)We are all courageous to battle against all difficulties.
我們都勇于和一切困難作斗爭。
7.force [f%:s] n.力量,強(qiáng)力,暴力,效力,要領(lǐng),勢力,威力,(常復(fù))部隊(duì);作及物動(dòng)詞用的意思是:“強(qiáng)迫,加快,催育,勉強(qiáng)作戰(zhàn),強(qiáng)攻”等。
【例】
(1)He took the money from her by force.
他強(qiáng)行奪走她的錢。
(2)The force of gravity is with us all the time, though we may not feel it.
地球引力無時(shí)無刻不存在,盡管我們可能感覺不到它。
(3)The new law will come into force with the new year.
新法律將自元旦起生效。
(4)He improved the quality of work in his department by force of example.
他以身作則帶動(dòng)他那個(gè)部門提高了工作質(zhì)量。
(5)He forced his way through a crowd.
他從人群中擠了過去。
(6)You will not be able to finish the work in time if you don't force your pace.
你們?nèi)绮患涌爝M(jìn)度,是不能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作的。
(7)The plants have been forced in a hot house.
這些花木是在溫室里催育的。
(8)He forced a smile before answering my question.
他勉強(qiáng)笑了笑,然后回答我的問題。
8.look [luk] n.看,模樣,神態(tài),外貌,美貌,面容。它作動(dòng)詞用含義較多。作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是:“看,好像,顯得”;作及物動(dòng)詞意思是:“看,打量,期待”。
【例】
(1)Let me have a look at the book.
讓我看看那本書。
(2)The man put on a serious look.
這人擺出一副嚴(yán)肅的樣子。
(3)China's foreign trade has assumed a new look.
中國的外貿(mào)出現(xiàn)了新局面。
(4)You often judge a man by his looks, don't you?
你經(jīng)常以貌取人,不是嗎?
(5)She doesn't look her age.
她看起來沒有那么大歲數(shù)。
(6)He looked the stranger up and down.
他仔細(xì)打量這個(gè)陌生人。
(二)交際用語
1.詢問路或某一場所
Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?
Do you know where I can exchange money?
Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown?
2.指引道路或某一場所
There's a bookstore on River Road.
Take the elevator to the second floor.
Turn left.
Turn right.
Go past the bank.
The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.
The bank is next to the bookstore.
Go out the front door and take a right.
Walk about three blocks.
Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street.
(三)語法
1.問路或指引道路
1)問路的句型
Would you please tell me where…?
Will you tell me how to get to…?
Could you tell me the way to…?
Can you tell me which is the way to…?
2)指引道路的句型。
Go along…, and turn right at…
Walk down… and turn left…
Go straight to… and cross…
You can take No.10 bus, it'll take you right there.
2.祈使句
祈使句我們在前面已經(jīng)學(xué)過,這里不再重述,只是把要特別注意的幾點(diǎn)簡單述說一下。
1)祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在前面加don't,有時(shí)也用never,但let's的否定式是把not放其后。
【例】
(1)Don't trouble to come over yourself.
你不必費(fèi)神親自過來。
(2)Never forget to lock the door.
不要忘了鎖門。
(3)Let's not waste our time arguing about it.
咱們別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間爭論這件事了。
2)有時(shí)為指明向誰提出請(qǐng)求或命令,也可加上主語或呼語。
【例】
(1)Somebody fetch a basin of water.
誰去打盆水來。
(2)Come in, everybody!
大家都進(jìn)來!
3)有時(shí)主語提出來是為了加強(qiáng)語氣或表示“不高興、厭煩”等。
【例】
(1)You be quiet.
你給我安靜點(diǎn)。
(2)You mind your own business! Mind your own business, you!
你少管閑事。
4)祈使句的謂語有時(shí)也用進(jìn)行形式。
【例】
Don't be standing in the rain.
別站在雨里了。
5)祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí),通常用will you(won't),以let's開頭的句子用shall we(shan't we)。
【例】
(1)Have a little more coffee, will you?
再喝一點(diǎn)咖啡,好嗎?
(2)Let's meet at station, shall we?
我們在火車站碰頭,行嗎?
三、點(diǎn)撥重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
1.能熟練應(yīng)用詢問道路及地點(diǎn)的句型,能正確給別人指明道路和地點(diǎn)場所。
2.能應(yīng)用祈使句,尤其是其構(gòu)成的反意疑問句。
3.本單元出現(xiàn)的常用詞語,如:main, exchange, fresh, hang, trick以及dress up, no longer等。
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)以及not only…but also…和both…and…等的用法。
5.了解卡通文化對(duì)我國的影響以及卡通片的發(fā)展歷史。外國的卡通片給我國觀眾,尤其是青少年帶來些什么。
四、拓展發(fā)散思維
(一)發(fā)散思維分析
1.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
請(qǐng)你告訴我?guī)谀膬汉脝幔?/p>
Could you…?是個(gè)句型,could在此不是過去形式,它此時(shí)表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、有禮貌。在希望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中,以及在含有表示建議、請(qǐng)求和征求意見語氣的疑問句中,常用some和something,而不用any和anything。
【例】
(1)Could you lend me your motorbike, please?
請(qǐng)把你的摩托車借給我好嗎?
(2)Could you tell me something about yourself.
請(qǐng)談?wù)勀阕约汉脝幔?/p>
(3)Would you like to have some apples?
你們要吃蘋果嗎?
(4)What about saying something about your school?
說說你學(xué)校的情況好嗎?
(5)Will you please give the poor boy something to eat?
請(qǐng)給那可憐的孩子一點(diǎn)吃的東西好嗎?
2.Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?
請(qǐng)你告訴我在哪兒能買到字典好嗎?
Can you please tell…,是個(gè)句型,它后面可跟賓語從句,也可跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。can可換成could, would, will。
【例】
(1)Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?
請(qǐng)告訴我我們在哪兒驗(yàn)票好嗎?
(2)Would you tell me how much it costs to fly to Canada?
你能告訴我乘飛機(jī)去加拿大要多少錢嗎?
(3)Will you tell me when we will have a meeting?
請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)好嗎?
(4)Can you tell me who the old man is?
你能告訴我那位老人是誰嗎?
(5)Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
你能告訴我到郵局怎么走嗎?
(6)Can you tell me what to do next?
你能告訴我下一步怎么做嗎?
3.Take the elevator to the second floor.
乘電梯上二樓。
take在此表示“搭、乘”的意思。
【例】
(1)He told me to take an express.
他叫我搭乘特別快車。
(2)She takes a bus to work every day.
她每天乘公共汽車上班。
4.The bank is next to the bookstore.
銀行在書店的隔壁。
next to是“貼近,隔壁”的意思。
【例】
(1)The house standing next to ours is a cinema.
我們隔壁的那幢房子是一家電影院。
(2)Who is crying in the room next to mine?
誰在我隔壁房間里哭?
5.There's always something happening.
總會(huì)有事發(fā)生。
happening是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)然過去分詞也可作定語。
【例】
(1)We can see the rising sun.
我們可以看到東升的旭日。
(2)He is a retired worker.
他是位退休工人。
(3)There was a girl sitting there.
有個(gè)女孩坐在那里。
(4)This is the question given.
這是所給的問題。
(5)There is nothing interesting.
沒有有趣的東西。
6.….where the food is both delicious and cheap.
食品既好吃又便宜。
both…and…是并列連詞,當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例】
(1)Both my father and mother like singing.
我父母都喜歡唱歌。
(2)A man should have both courage and perseverance.
一個(gè)人既應(yīng)有勇氣也要有毅力。
(3)We must pay attention both to English and to other subjects.
我們應(yīng)對(duì)英語和其他學(xué)科都重視。
7.I live right next to a supermarket.
我就住在超市的隔壁。
right在此起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用,它是副詞,含義很多,如:“對(duì),順利,直接地,正好,完全,非!钡。
【例】
(1)You have guessed right.
你猜對(duì)了。
(2)Everything will go right with you if you follow the doctor's advice.
如果你照醫(yī)生的建議去做,一切都會(huì)好的。
(3)The wind was right in the face.
風(fēng)迎面吹來。
(4)They placed the table right in the middle of the room.
他們把桌子放在房間正中。
(5)He has read right through the book.
他把這本書全部讀完了。
(6)I am right glad to hear the news.
聽到這個(gè)消息我非常高興。
8.I've been collecting them for many years.
多年來我一直在收集他們(郵票)。
本句是個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子,表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作可能仍然在進(jìn)行,也可能停止了一會(huì)兒。
【例】
(1)How long has it been raining?
雨下多久了?
(2)We've just been talking about you.
我們正談著你呢。
(3)What book have you been reading these days?
這幾天你在看什么書?
(4)I've been hoping I'd have chance to see the film.
我一直盼望有機(jī)會(huì)看這部電影。
9.What kind of food are you looking for?
你在找哪種食品?
look for是個(gè)短語,強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作,而find則強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果,表示“找到”;類似的詞語還有hear和listen to。
【例】
(1)The young lady is looking for her pet dog.
那位年輕的女士在找她的寵物狗。
(2)He has found his lost bike.
他已找到丟失的自行車了。
(3)They are listening to a piece of beautiful music.
他們正聽一曲優(yōu)美的曲子。
(4)He heard their whisper.
他聽見他們在低聲說話。
10.Cartoons are no longer just for kids.
卡通片不再僅僅是為了孩子。
no longer不再,我們前面已述說過,不再重述它的作用,只注意它與not…any longer在位置的不同,與no more(not…any more)的區(qū)別請(qǐng)看前面。
【例】
(1)Hefei today is no longer the Hefei of the past.
今日之合肥不再是舊日之合肥了。
(2)I can't wait any longer.
我不能再等了。
(3)She refused to remain silent any longer.
她不愿再保持緘默了。
11.People also became interested in foreign cartoons.
人們也對(duì)外國的卡通片感興趣。
be (become)interested in 是個(gè)固定的搭配,表示“對(duì)……感興趣”。
【例】
(1)She is not interested in sports.
她對(duì)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不感興趣。
(2)The boy becomes interested in playing football.
那男孩對(duì)踢足球感興趣。
(3)Some of you students aren't interested in English.
一些學(xué)生對(duì)英語不感興趣。
(二)發(fā)散思維應(yīng)用
典型例題1
Excuse me! Would you please tell me ?
A.where is the No.1 Middle School
B.the No.1 Middle School is where
C.the No.1 Middle School where is
D.where the No.1 Middle School is
解析 答案:D 本題是日常生活中問路的一種表達(dá)方式,重點(diǎn)是賓語從句,賓語從句應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)、語序和引導(dǎo)詞三個(gè)問題,即主、從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng),引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用以及從句的陳述語序,本題中還應(yīng)注意專用名詞的大小寫等,依據(jù)上述要求只有D符號(hào),故D是正確答案。
典型例題2
將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài):He gave me a new watch.
凡含雙賓語的句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),多數(shù)是將主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語,直接賓語作保留賓語,但也可將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語作保留賓語,但這時(shí)保留賓語前需加介詞to或for。
【題型發(fā)散】
發(fā)散1 選擇填空題
( )1.There's a bookstore the third floor.
A.on B.a(chǎn)t C.in D.a(chǎn)bout
( )2.Do you know I can buy this kind of sweets?
A.which B.where C.what D.who
( )3.I prefer outside.
A.be B.to being C.being D.been
( )4.When she goes into stores she always spends money.
A.much too B.little too C.many too D.too much
( )5.This character seems someone real.
A.like B.to like C.liking D.likes
解析&答案:
1.A 本題是表示在某層樓上,通常用介詞on。
2.B 本題主要是考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,根據(jù)句意引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,那么只能選where了。
3.C prefer是及物動(dòng)詞,它后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語,根據(jù)提供的答案,只能選being。
4.D 這里主要是不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語,根據(jù)句義,花太多的錢,那就只能選too much。
5.A 根據(jù)句義,似乎像……,那這里不能使用不定式,只能用介詞like,表示“像……”。
發(fā)散2 將下列短語譯成英語
1.在二樓上
2.向右轉(zhuǎn)
3.吃東西的地方
4.閑蕩
5.打扮
6.《三國演義》
解析&答案:
1.on the second floor 2.turn right 3.a(chǎn) place to eat 4.hang out 5.dress up 6.The Three Kingdoms
【正誤發(fā)散】
下列各句均有一處錯(cuò),請(qǐng)找出
( )1.This kind of buses make in Hefei.
A B C D
( 。2.Do you think these books are made from paper?
A B C D
( )3.There are four Germen in our school.
A B C D
( 。4.Half of the books is written in English.
A B C D
( 。5.My mother cooked when I knocked at the door.
A B C D
( )6.You can get the keys of the test paper from our teacher.
A B C D
解析&答案:
1.C 此句主語不能發(fā)出動(dòng)作,因此要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),is made。
2.D be made from由……制成,看不出原材料,這里紙制成書,應(yīng)用of。
3.B 德國人的復(fù)數(shù)形式是Germans。
4.C 分?jǐn)?shù)加名詞構(gòu)成短語時(shí),視其后面的名詞而定,名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,此處應(yīng)用are。
5.A 從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)主句的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中,應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),根據(jù)時(shí)間,此主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was cooking。
6.B 表示什么的答案或什么門的鑰匙時(shí),英語用key to形式。
【詞義發(fā)散】
根據(jù)句意,指出劃線部分的確切含義,將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)
( )1.Do you know when the plane will land.
A.陸地 B.著陸 C.起飛 D.呆在原地
( )2.Bill borrowed the bike form Kate.He soon returned it to her.
A.回來 B.返回 C.續(xù)借 D.歸還
( )3.The old man passed away yesterday evening.
A.走開 B.遞給 C.去世 D.動(dòng)身出發(fā)
( )4.The young man can't see clearly without glasses.
A.眼鏡 B.玻璃杯 C.玻璃 D.玻璃制品
( )5.There is a tall building by the river.
A.被、由 B.乘 C.在……旁邊 D.最遲在
解析&答案:
1.B 指飛機(jī)降落。
2.D 根據(jù)句意,先借了東西,后面指歸還。
3.C 指老人死了。
4.A 本句含義是看不清,所以需要眼鏡
5.C by是多義詞,在此表示位置。
【詞形發(fā)散】
用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Computers are (wide)used in the world.
2. (travel)also use computers.
3.Five (American)have arrived here.
4.I think Chinese is very (use), too.
5.Edison was a great American (invent).
6.The students don't know the (different)between the two sentences.
解析&答案:
1.widely 在此處作狀語。
2.Travellers 這里需要主語,故用名詞且要用復(fù)數(shù)。
3.Americans 五個(gè)美國人,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4.useful 非常有用,需要形容詞。
5.inventor 發(fā)明家,在invent后加or。
6.difference 指兩者之間的不同點(diǎn),故用名詞。
【綜合發(fā)散】
完形填空
At half 1 five, Mrs Black heard her husband park the car 2 the house and went out to speak to him right away.
“What's wrong with you?” he asked.“You look worried.”“I have 3 a terrible mistake, dear,” she said.“Mrs Smith called me half 4 hour ago.We got talking and then 5 thinking, I asked her and her husband to come to have dinner 6 us this evening.”
“Well, that's 7 to be worried about,” Mr Black said.“We will have a pleasant 8 .We haven't seen the 9 for a long time.”“I'd like them 10 ,” Mrs Black answered.“But I've just 11 there is almost not any food at home.You didn't remember 12 some.I asked you to get some 13 your way home from work three days ago.”
“Some food?” Mr Black said.“Oh, my dear, yes, I 14 now.I did buy some.It's in the car.It's been there for the 15 three days.”
(。1. A.past B.passed C.to D.a(chǎn)t
( )2. A.in B.inside C.outside D.on
(。3. A.had B.made C.got D.received
( )4. A.past B.to C.the D.a(chǎn)n
(。5. A.with B.out of C.for D.without
( )6. A.with B.for C.without D.out of
(。7. A.nothing B.everything C.a(chǎn)nything D.something
( )8. A.hour B.day C.evening D.week
(。9. A.wife B.husband C.Smiths D.friend
( )10.A.came B.to come C.come D.coming
(。11.A.finded B.founded C.found D.know
( )12.A.to buy B.bought C.buying D.buys
(。13.A.in B.on C.to D.a(chǎn)bove
(。14.A.remembered B.forget C.remember D.remembering
(。15.A.past B. / C.pass D.future
解析&答案:
1.A 表示幾點(diǎn)半用past,超過半用to。
2.C 車應(yīng)停在房子外面。
3.B 犯錯(cuò)用make a mistake。
4.D 半小時(shí)用half an hour。
5.D 根據(jù)上下文含義,此處指沒有思考。
6.A 與某人一起用with。
7.A 丈夫認(rèn)為請(qǐng)人吃飯是件愉快的事,所以此處指沒有什么可擔(dān)憂的。
8.C 這里指朋友來訪,我們會(huì)度過一個(gè)愉快的夜晚。
9.C 這里指很長時(shí)間沒有見到他們夫婦,不是他們中的某一位。
10.B 樂意某人做某事,這里要用不定式。
11.C find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,過去分詞是found。
12.A remember后跟不定式表示記住該要做的事。
13.B 在什么的路上用on。
14.C 現(xiàn)在記起來了用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
15.A 指到現(xiàn)在為止過去的三天。
五、單元小結(jié)
本單元是圍繞“Ask for information politely”為主線開展教與學(xué)的活動(dòng)的,在學(xué)習(xí)常用和重點(diǎn)詞語的基礎(chǔ)上,著重學(xué)習(xí)了問題和指引道路及場所的表達(dá)方式;進(jìn)一步復(fù)習(xí)了祈使句,進(jìn)而學(xué)習(xí)了一些重點(diǎn)句型和日常交際用語以及并列連詞both…and和not only…but also等。本單元還出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。此外還學(xué)習(xí)了一些同義、近義詞,介紹了卡通片對(duì)青少年的教育作用以及外國卡通片對(duì)中國文化和中國青少年的影響。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),要求能熟練表述問路、指引道路或場所,對(duì)卡通片的正、反面的作用和影響要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí),從而從中學(xué)到好的東西。
(一)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建構(gòu)
1.分詞作后置定語
分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。
1)如動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是所修飾的詞發(fā)出的,即所修飾的詞和動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞。
【例】a man standing there
a girl wearing glasses
There's a fire burning in the fireplace.
He heard the sound of children playing in the park.
2)若動(dòng)作不是所修飾的詞發(fā)出,而是由別人做的,即所修飾名詞和動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用過去分詞,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者常由by引出。
【例】a book written by Luxun
the newspapers sold on trains
Remember to water the vegetables grown by the farmers.
Who wrote the book borrowed by your sister?
2.副詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)的位置
1)一般放在句子末尾。
【例】The pen writes well.
He speaks English fluently.
2)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),可放在句首。
【例】Finally we won the victory.
First we must prepare the text well before class.
3)大多數(shù)單個(gè)副詞在不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),可以放在be或助動(dòng)詞之后、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。
【例】There is always some lightening when it thunders.
We usually play basketball in the afternoon.
3.同位語
同位語也是一種名詞修飾語。所謂同位,是指一個(gè)語言項(xiàng)目與另一語言項(xiàng)目(通常是名詞或名詞詞組)齊列,后一個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)前一個(gè)項(xiàng)目起修飾或細(xì)節(jié)描繪的作用。
1)同位語通常位于與之同位的名詞之后,有時(shí)也可位于其前。
【例】Do you kids, have any ideas?
2)同位語通常用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的名詞(或名詞詞組)隔開,有時(shí)也可用破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)。
【例】Half an hour later, the second diver returned with the same report-nothing.
一般來說,用逗號(hào)通常表示普通的同位關(guān)系;用破折號(hào),停頓較長,對(duì)同位語起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;用冒號(hào),停頓最長,強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用更大。
【例】I want very much to read these new novels: especially the one you mentioned.
(二)新課標(biāo)新中考
1.常用的重點(diǎn)詞語,如main, hang, fresh, trick以及短語hang out, dress up, no longer等。
2.問路和指引道路的句型和表達(dá)方式。
3.祈使句及其所構(gòu)成的反意疑問句。
4.并列連詞not only…but also…和both…and…的用法。
5.卡通片的發(fā)展史以及外國卡通片對(duì)中國文化和青少年的影響。
(三)新題型新導(dǎo)向
【例1】If H2 burns in O2, we can get .
A.H2 B.H2O C.O2 D.H2O2
(2003年南京市中考題)
解析&答案:B 本題主要是學(xué)科滲透題,考查學(xué)生的化學(xué)知識(shí),只要知H2與O2燃燒生成什么就行。
【例2】- What would you like to drink, girls?
- , please.
A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffees
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cup of coffees
(2003年黃岡市中考題)
解析&答案:C 本題主要考查“數(shù)量”與不可數(shù)名詞的關(guān)系。不可數(shù)名詞不能加復(fù)數(shù),B、D兩答案是錯(cuò)的,兩杯咖啡的杯是可數(shù)名詞,這樣應(yīng)在“量”上加復(fù)數(shù),所以A也不對(duì),只有C是正確答案,其表示法為數(shù)詞加“量詞”加of再加不可數(shù)名詞。
【例3】區(qū)別interesting和interested的用法。
在某些表示人們感情的詞后面加ed表示“感到……”,指人。加ing表示“令人感到……”,一般指事物。
【例】(1)Football is really interesting.People all over the world are interested in it.
足球確實(shí)令人感興趣,全世界的人都對(duì)足球感興趣。(interesting說的是football的情況,interested說的是people的情況)
(2)I found him interested in the story.He found the story interesting.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他對(duì)這個(gè)故事很感興趣。他覺得這個(gè)故事很有趣。(兩詞都作賓語補(bǔ)足語,interested說的是賓語him的情況,interesting說的是賓語story的情況)
(3)He was surprised to hear the surprising result.
聽到這個(gè)令人驚訝的結(jié)果,他驚奇不已。
(4)She was pleased at the pleasing news.
聽了那令人喜悅的消息后她興奮不已。
【例4】pleasant, pleasing, pleased, glad, happy, cheerful, merry, gay, jolly, joyful(joyous)的用法。
pleasant“令人愉快的”,用于將快樂給予他人的場合。pleasing“討人喜歡的,令人喜愛的”。pleased“高興的”,用于自己喜悅的場合,語氣比glad弱些。glad“高興的”,指一時(shí)的、強(qiáng)烈的喜樂而言,比pleased表示較強(qiáng)的、較為短暫的喜悅感情,一般用作表語。happy“高興的、快樂的、幸福的”,在表示“高興”時(shí)與glad可通用,表示特定時(shí)刻一個(gè)人喜悅的感覺,但happy還可解釋為“幸福的”。cheerful“愉快的”,常指樂觀、愉快的心情的自然流露,著重內(nèi)在的愉快,兼指事物令人愉快。merry“愉快的”,比cheerful表示更強(qiáng)烈的感情,含有“愉快地笑,笑鬧或微醉的特別喜樂”的意味,大抵上可以說cheerful指心的常態(tài),而merry指精神暫時(shí)高漲。gay“快活的,愉快的”,含有“無憂無慮而快樂、活潑”的意味。jolly“愉快的,快樂的,宜人的”,口語用,意為充滿快樂與喜悅的神情,例如說,愉快的人、時(shí)、地、笑聲、歡樂聲等。joyful(joyous)“愉快的,快樂的”,有“充滿歡樂,興高采烈”或“令人歡欣”的含義,指充滿歡樂的狀態(tài),用于人時(shí),指意氣洋洋的神情。
【例】(1)The music is pleasant to the ear.樂聲悅耳。
(2)He is a pleasing young man with pleasing manners.
他是個(gè)有著令人喜愛的舉止的討人喜歡的年輕人。
(3)I shall be pleased to go there.
我將很高興地去那兒。
(4)I am glad you are pleased with my little present.
我很高興你對(duì)我的小禮物感到滿意。
(5)The news made her very happy.
這消息使她非常幸福(快樂)。
(6)He always looks cheerful.
他總是顯得快樂。
(7)Wish you a merry Christmas!
祝你圣誕快樂!