一、動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)
Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.集郵將花費(fèi)你很多錢(qián)。
Driving a car isn’t as comfortable as traveling by train.
開(kāi)車(chē)旅行不如乘火車(chē)旅行舒服。
1. it作形式主語(yǔ),當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了保持句子平衡,我們用it作為形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。
It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危險(xiǎn)的。
It’s no good arguing with him.與他爭(zhēng)論是沒(méi)有好處的。
必背句型:
It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth.
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of …doing sth..
It’s very difficult doing sth.. It’s nice doing sth.
注:能用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句子比較少一些,主要用于no good, no use, useless, senseless, dangerous,waste等詞作表語(yǔ)的句子。
2.在下列句型中只能用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。
There is no+v-ing(…是不可能的) =It is impossible to do sth. =No one can …(or we can not…)
There is no joking about such matters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。
There is no getting in touch with him和他取得聯(lián)系是不可能的。
注:動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
二、 動(dòng)名詞在句中作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般表示抽象的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常常可以互換。
My job is teaching English.(Teaching English is my job.)我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。
三、 動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)
They have finished doing their homework.他們已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。
Nothing can stop us from realizing the four modernizations in our country.
什么也不能阻止我們國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。
1.在下面的及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面,只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
advise建議,admit承認(rèn),allow允許,appreciate感謝,欣賞avoid避免,consider考慮,認(rèn)為,delay推遲,deny否認(rèn),dislike討厭,enjoy喜歡,escape逃脫,excuse原諒,finish完成,forgive原諒,imagine想像,keep保持,mention提到,mind介意,miss錯(cuò)過(guò),postpone延緩,practise練習(xí),prevent阻止,resist 抵抗,risk冒險(xiǎn),suggest建議,understand理解,can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做……,can’t stand不能忍受,give up 放棄,put off 推遲,leave off 停止等。
I don’t allow smoking in my room.我不允許在我房?jī)?nèi)吸煙。
She can’t stand waiting for her friend for a long time.她不能忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等候朋友。
Would you mind opening the window for me ?您介意替我把窗子打開(kāi)嗎?
Excuse my being late,please.=Excuse me for being late.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫襾?lái)遲了
Heavy rain prevented my visiting him yesterday.=Heavy rain prevented me from visiting him yesterday.昨天,大雨阻止了我拜訪他。
2.在介詞后面作賓詞,動(dòng)名詞常跟在一些固定詞組后作賓語(yǔ)。
(1)add to加上,be afraid of 怕(產(chǎn)生某種后果),be ashamed of為……感到羞愧,be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事,be clever at在……方面聰明,be engaged in從事于,be fond of喜歡,be good at擅長(zhǎng),be interested in對(duì)……感興趣,be proud of為……而驕傲,be successful in在……方面成功,be sick of對(duì)……感到惡心,be sentenced to宣判,be tired of厭煩,come to談到,depend on依靠,dream of夢(mèng)想,devote…to…把……貢獻(xiàn),excuse…for…為……而原諒,feel like愿意 ,get to開(kāi)始,hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)insist on堅(jiān)持,know of對(duì)……了解,keep…from…阻止……做……,persist in堅(jiān)持 ,set about 動(dòng)手去做, spend…on在……花費(fèi),spend…(in)doing sth.花……做某事, stop…from…阻止……做……,stick to堅(jiān)持,succeed in在……取得成功,thank…for… 為……而感謝……,think of 想到.
注:insist on 表示對(duì)要求、看法、意見(jiàn)或主張的“堅(jiān)持”;stick to 表示對(duì)“愿望、原則、決定、諾言、意見(jiàn)、理想或某種理論的堅(jiān)持不渝;persist in 表示對(duì)某種活動(dòng)堅(jiān)持不懈或?qū)δ撤N信念固執(zhí)不改。
表示“阻止某人做某事”的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)中stop,prevent 后的from可以省略,而keep后的from不能省,因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing sth. 表示”使某人一直做某事”.
(2)在下面句型中也常用動(dòng)名詞.
There is no use/ need /harm/ hurry +in doing sth
There be/We have fun /some difficulty/some trouble/problem/pleasure/a good time/a hard time +in doing sth.
例如:
He is busy preparing his lessons.他忙于備課。
Einstein spent the rest of his life living in the USA. 愛(ài)因斯坦在美國(guó)度過(guò)他的晚年。
I had some difficulty in explaining the maths problem to him.
我費(fèi)勁地給解釋這道數(shù)學(xué)題。
The little girl is interested in drawing pictures.小姑娘對(duì)畫(huà)畫(huà)感興趣。
We look forward to going abroad.我們盼望出國(guó)。
Is there any hope of your team winning the match? 你們隊(duì)在比賽中有希望獲勝嗎?
He insists on no one knowing about the experiment. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為沒(méi)人了解有關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)的情況。
四、分詞在句中作表語(yǔ)
在系動(dòng)詞be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,sound,appear等后面的現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),一般表示主動(dòng)或表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。含有“令人……”之意,多數(shù)情況下主語(yǔ)為物:
The first impressions are most lasting.最初的印象歷時(shí)最久。
This piece of news is encouraging.這條消息鼓舞人心。
作表語(yǔ)的分詞大部分是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的,而且這類(lèi)分詞實(shí)際上已基本形容詞化。常見(jiàn)的有以下分詞:
amusing,astonishing,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,interesting,missing,promising,puzzling,shocking,surprising,striking等。
The novel is very interesting and we are all interested in it. 這本小說(shuō)很有趣,我們對(duì)它都很感興趣。
These colours are pleasing.這些色彩令人愉快。
作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。
在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特性,be 為系動(dòng)詞,可以換作其他的系動(dòng)詞。而在進(jìn)行進(jìn)態(tài)中,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,在句中與助動(dòng)詞be一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),此結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞be不能換成其他的助動(dòng)詞。
The news is moving.這消息令人感動(dòng)。
(moving為表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特性)
His heroic deeds are moving us.他的英雄事跡正在感動(dòng)著我們。(moving為現(xiàn)在分詞,與助動(dòng)詞are構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ))