1.In England,who can marry couples in church?
在英國,誰能夠在教堂里結(jié)為夫婦主持婚禮呢?
①marry用作及物動詞,意為“嫁、娶;把女兒嫁給某人;(指牧師或官員)為(雙方)主持婚禮!
此時marry是終止性動詞,不能與一般時間連用,也不能和to連用。如:
My brother married a neighbour’s daughter.
我哥哥娶了一位鄰居家的女兒。
Mr Brown wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.
布朗先生要把他的女兒嫁給一個有錢的人。
marry用作不及物動詞,意為“結(jié)婚”,也是終止性動詞,有時和副詞、形容詞連用。如:
John married young. 約翰早婚。
She married late in life. 她很晚才結(jié)婚。
在非正式文體中,“結(jié)婚”常用be/get married(to sb),get married表示動作,be married表示狀態(tài),其中to不能換成with.如:
She got married to a man from her hometown. 她同一位同鄉(xiāng)結(jié)了婚。
Betty’s parents have been married for more than 25 years.
貝蒂的父母結(jié)婚已經(jīng)25年多了。
②couple意為“一對男女;夫婦”,作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù),若強(qiáng)調(diào)個體,有時也視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The young couple seems(seem)to be happy.
這對年輕人看起來很快樂。
a couple of有兩種含義。一種作“兩個”,另一種作“幾個、數(shù)個”。如:
They keep a couple of dogs. 他們養(yǎng)了兩條狗。
They stayed there for a couple of days.
他們在那呆了幾天。
2.How close to each other did the man and the woman live?
這位男士和女士相互居住得有多近?
close to意為“離……很近;在附近;幾乎”。如:
The British don’t like to stand close to each other.
英國人不喜歡站立時離得很近。
It’s close to five o’clock now. Let’s have a rest.
現(xiàn)在快5點鐘了,咱們休息一下吧!
close與closely的辨析
close與closely皆為副詞,但有區(qū)別。
close意為“接近地,靠近地”,表示具體的概念;close多用來修飾由介詞引導(dǎo)的短語。
closely意為“仔細(xì)地,密切地”,常表達(dá)抽象的概念,它多用來修飾動詞和過去分詞。如:
Everyone felt that his words hit close to home.
大家都認(rèn)為他的話擊中了要害。
This problem is closely connected with that one.
這個問題與那個問題有密切的聯(lián)系。
3.I would like to reach a wide audience,though I mostly have adults in mind.
我想影響廣大的觀眾,雖然我主要想著成年人。
①would like(= would love/ should like)常用來表示有禮貌的請求或表示個人意愿,意為“想要、愿意”,其后常接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或含有動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如;
Would you like a cup of coffee?
Would you like to help me with the washing up?
Would you like me to have a look at your new dictionary?
②audience屬于集合名詞。意為“聽眾、觀眾、讀者”,以整體考慮時視為單數(shù),而重點放在個人時,則視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The audience was/ were fascinated by her beautiful song.
聽眾被她那美妙的歌聲迷住了。
The program is said to have an audience of over two million.
據(jù)說那個節(jié)目擁有二百萬以上的觀眾。
③mostly意為“主要地、大部分地”,無比較等級形式,只用作副詞而不能用作形容詞。如:
Our weather has been mostly warm. 我們這里的氣候多數(shù)情況下都很暖和。
4.Still,I do not think everybody will find my kind of humour funny.
但我還是認(rèn)為并非所有人都會覺得我這類幽默好笑。
①still用作副詞,意為“盡管如此;然而;但還是”。如:
He has treated you badly;still,he is your brother and you should help him.
他待你很不好,但他終歸是你的兄弟,你應(yīng)該幫助他。
Although she felt ill,she still went to work.
她雖然覺得身體不舒服,但仍然去上班了。
②注意本句英漢表達(dá)的區(qū)別。英語中有些動詞,如:think,believe,expect,suppose,feel,quess,imagine等。當(dāng)它們后面接一個具有否定意義的賓語從句時,通常要把主句的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ,而賓語從句中的謂語動詞用肯定形式。這種現(xiàn)象稱為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在反疑疑問句中,若陳述部分是第一人稱,think等詞用一般現(xiàn)在時,則疑問部分需與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致,否則要與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。如:
I don’t believe what he said is true,is it?
我認(rèn)為他說的不是真話。
I don’t think it’s going to rain tomorrow,is it?
我想明天不會下雨,對嗎?
You don’t think I have made mistakes,do you?
你并不認(rèn)為我犯了什么錯誤,是嗎?
5.Jokes about speaking a foreign language,German for example,always works.
有關(guān)說外國話的笑話,比如說德語,總是能引人發(fā)笑。
work表示“產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果或作用”的意思,是不及物動詞,指計劃、辦法等。獲得所希望的結(jié)果。如:
Did the cleaning fluid work(on that stain)?
這種洗滌劑(對那塊污斑)管用嗎?
My plan worked,and I got them to agree.
我的想法奏效了,我讓他們同意了。
Stories always work with children.
對孩子而言,故事總是管用的。
6.Cross-dressing men or women often appear on the stage.
穿異性服裝的男演員或女演員經(jīng)常亮相舞臺。
appear意為“出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)”,用作不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),其反義詞為disappear.如:
A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空出現(xiàn)彩虹。
We expected him at seven but he didn’t appear until eight.
我們期待他7點會來,但他到8點才出現(xiàn)。
appear還可作“似乎,好像,顯得”,不用于進(jìn)行時。如:
You don’t appear to care much for music.
你好像不怎么喜歡音樂。(appear to do sth.)
she appears (to be)an honest girl.
她似乎是個誠實的女孩。(appear [to be] n / adj)
appear,look ,seem的辨析
appear指根據(jù)事物的表面現(xiàn)象而提出的判斷,暗含事實往往并非如此。
look指憑視覺印象而做出的判斷,實際上也可能如此。
seem是指暗含有一定根據(jù),往往接近事實的判斷,是強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心的感受,它們之后都可以接名詞、形容詞,to be不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)。
7.The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通過取笑某人的著裝方式,講述有趣的故事,引我們發(fā)笑。
①make sb. do sth.的意思是“使某人做某事”,其中的do sth.為不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,這一結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,原來的賓語變成了主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語變成了主語補(bǔ)足語,這時的不定式要帶to,除make外,see,hear等動詞也可接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
A funny movie often makes us laugh. 滑稽的影片常逗得我們捧腹大笑。
②介詞by與動名詞或名詞連用,表示方式、手段或原因,意為“通過,憑借,因為”。如:
He caught a cold by playing soccer in the rain.
他在雨中踢足球而感冒了。
Don’t judge a person by appearance. 不要以貌取人。
by多用于動作,表示通過做什么事情以取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果。
with多用于一件東西、工具等,表示我們用的是什么工具。如:
He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.
他話說得很乘巧,因而得到了他想要的東西。
He got what he wanted with flowers and chocolates.
他靠花束和巧克力糖得到了他想要得到的東西。
③an amusing story意為“一個好笑的故事”,amusing是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。此外,動名詞也可作定語,其區(qū)別為:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,它與所修飾的名詞之間在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系,表示這個名詞的動作,可改寫成一個定語從句;動名詞作定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途,可改寫成一個for短語,二者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。試比較:
a sleeping boy(= a boy who is sleeping)一個睡著的男孩
a sleeping car(= a car for sleeping)一輛臥車
8.Today students of English,even if English is their mother tongue,cannot understand his jokes.
今天,學(xué)英語的學(xué)生,即使英語是他們的母語,也無法理解他的笑話。
even if相當(dāng)于even though,意為“即使;盡管”如:
We will go,even if it rains. 即使下雨,我們也要走。
He will come,even if he is ill. 即使病了,他也會來的。
Even though it is hard work,I enjoy it. 盡管很難,我喜歡這件事。
9.Another type of people whose job is to make people laugh are comedians.
另一種類型的使人發(fā)笑的專業(yè)人員就是喜劇演員。
type意為“類型,樣式”,type of后的名詞通常不加冠詞。如:
what type of blood is yours? 你是什么血型?
She isn’t my type of woman. 她不是我喜歡的那種類型的女人。
kind,sort,type的辨析
kind特指性質(zhì)相同,且有極相似之特征,比較籠統(tǒng)、模糊,而sort指大體相似的東西,它們常被通用;type指“型,類型”等,比較具體和肯定。這三個詞之后多接單數(shù)名詞。如:this kind of car或cars of this kind.
10.What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.
滑稽演員與喜劇演員,共同點在于說話玩弄辭藻。
(have)…in common(with)意為“(和……)有共同之處,(和……)一樣”例如:
I haven’t a thing in common with my father.
我與父親沒有共同之處。
In common with most young people he hates getting up in the morning.
他跟大多數(shù)年輕人一樣,早晨不愿起床。
out of the common異乎尋常,不平常。例如:
He had noticed nothing out of the common.
他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)異乎尋常的事。
10.A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedian’s words.
過了幾分鐘,大家都安靜下來,聽著臺詞陷入沉思。
listening and thinking…是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,表示同步于句子謂語的動作。例如:
Singing a pop song in a low voice,the girl came into the yard.
這姑娘低聲哼著流行歌曲,走進(jìn)了院子。
The old man sat by the window,reading a newspaper.
老人坐在窗邊,讀著報紙。
11.Typical for China is the crosstalk show,where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play.
中國喜劇的典型是相聲,兩個滑稽演員通過玩弄辭藻來逗樂觀眾。
這是一句倒裝句,其主語是the crosstalk show,typical是形容詞,作表語。原來句子順序是The crosstalk show,…,is typical for China.但由于show后面跟了一句較長的非限制性定語從句,整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡,所以把表語和系動詞前置。
12.Dating back to the Qing Dynasty,the traditional crosstalk shows,xiangsheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries.
傳統(tǒng)的相聲表演可以追溯到秦朝,已使全中國人笑了幾百年了。
date back to是固定短語,解釋為“可追溯到……;是……時代開始有的”不能用于被動語態(tài),謂語常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例如:This town dates back to Roman times.
這個小鎮(zhèn)的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時期。
date from與date back to意思相似。例如:
The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.
這一習(xí)慣開始于男子佩劍時代。
13.Skilled artists make use of all the richness of spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技藝高超的藝術(shù)家利用豐富多彩的口語,創(chuàng)造出連綿不絕的樂趣。
a flow of表示“某事物的持續(xù)或連續(xù)供應(yīng)”。又如:
cut off the flow of oil 切斷石油輸送
the constant flow of information源源不斷的信息
14.I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我決定將整件事情當(dāng)作一個大笑話!
look on sb. / sth. as sb./ sth. 意為“將某人/某事看作…”例如:
She is looked on as the leading authority on the subject.
她被認(rèn)為是該問題的主要權(quán)威。