內(nèi)容
People and work
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 語(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)
1 . 字母組合 ar 發(fā)［?］ , or 發(fā) ［?］或［?］，er , ir , ur 發(fā)［?］。
2 . 句子重音和語(yǔ)調(diào)。
Ⅱ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
drive , driver , farm , farmer , soldier , worker , factory , study , evening , every , with , same , different
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
1 . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：
I / You / We / They work here .
He / She / It works here .
- Do I / you / we / they work here ?
- Yes , I / you / we / they do . No , I / you / we / they don't .
- Does he / she / it work here ?
- Yes , he / she / it does . No , he / she / it doesn't .
2 . 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式：
help→helps ride→rides know→knows guess→guesses teach→teaches do→does fly→flies
Ⅳ. 交際英語(yǔ)
What does he do ? He is a driver .
Where does he work ? He works on a farm .
What do I do ? Where do you work ? Good evening !
-Do you speak Chinese ?
-A little .
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . drive 開 ( 汽車等 ) ；駕駛
Can you drive a car ?
Let me drive you home . 讓我開車送你回家吧。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗drive 的過(guò)去式是 drove 。driver 司機(jī)，駕駛員
I want to be a driver . 我想當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。
-er 是個(gè)用途很廣的后綴，加在動(dòng)詞上，表示“從事某種行業(yè)的人” , 如 teacher ( 教師 ) , writer ( 作家 ) 等。
2 . farm 農(nóng)場(chǎng)
He does a lot of farm work . 他做大量的農(nóng)活。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗在農(nóng)場(chǎng) on the farm ， farmer 農(nóng)民
In summer I help my parents on the farm .
Li Ming's uncle is a farmer . 李明的伯伯是個(gè)農(nóng)民。
3 . soldier 士兵，戰(zhàn)士
Look at that soldier . He's my brother . 看那位戰(zhàn)士，他是我哥哥。
Children like to play soldiers . 孩子們喜歡扮演士兵。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗注意該詞的發(fā)音。
4 . factory 工廠
How many factories are there in your city ?
The glass factory is open every day . 這家玻璃廠每天都開門。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗factory 的復(fù)數(shù)為 factories
5 . study 學(xué)習(xí)
Where does she study ? 她在什么地方學(xué)習(xí) ?
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗study 還可作名詞“書房”“學(xué)習(xí)，研究”。make a study of對(duì)……進(jìn)行研究。
6 . evening 傍晚、晚上
We will have a meeting this evening . 今天晚上我們要開會(huì)。
I am always at home in the evening . 晚上我總在家。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗在晚上 in the evening ，at night在夜里。注意：English evening英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
7 . every 每一，每個(gè)的
He helped me with my English every evening .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗every 作“每一”解，修飾的是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及物主代詞也要用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl has a pen here .
8 . same 同樣的，同一的
We are in the same class . 我們?cè)谕话唷?/p>
They all came to my home on the same day .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗the same 用在一起。
12 . different 不同的
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗其名詞為 difference。be different from 與……不同。
My book is quite different from yours . = My book is not the same as yours .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . on a farm 在農(nóng)場(chǎng)
He works on a farm .
2 . in a factory 在工廠里
Do you work in a factory or on a farm ? 你在工廠里工作還是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作 ?
3 . in a shop 在商店
There are a lot of people in the shop on Sundays . 星期天，商店里有許多人。
4 . in a school 在一所學(xué)校
We study in a middle school . 我們?cè)谝凰袑W(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。
How many teachers are there in your school ? 你們學(xué)校有多少教師 ?
5 . near here 在這附近
He works on a farm near here . 他就在這附近的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作。
6 . in the evening / morning , afternoon 在晚上 / 早上，下午
My father goes to work in the morning .
〖 提示 〗在泛指一天中的早上、中午、晚上時(shí)，前面用介詞 in。特指某個(gè)上午、下午、晚上用介詞on 。如：We will have an interesting lesson on the evening of Tuesday .
7 . go to classes 去上課
I go to Chinese classes every week . 我每周都去上漢語(yǔ)課。
一、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . 如何詢問(wèn)某人的職業(yè)
What does he / she do ? 他 ( 她 ) 是干什么工作的 ? (或者：What is your job ? 等)
What does your father do ?
如問(wèn)“你是干什么工作的 ? ”可說(shuō)：What do you do ? 此外，還可說(shuō)：What are you ? What's your father ?
2 . 詢問(wèn)某人在何處干什么用
Where does he / she work / study ？ 他 ( 她 ) 在哪里工作 ( 學(xué)習(xí)…… ) ?
Where does she live ?
Where does he stay ?
where 為副詞，注意句尾不要再加介詞。但 Where does he come from ?
3 . Good evening ! 晚安 !
寒暄用語(yǔ)。與人見(jiàn)面，午前用 Good morning ; 午后用 Good afternoon ; 黃昏時(shí)用 Good evening ；分別時(shí)用 Good-bye；如在夜間分別，則用 Good night 。
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . I like it a lot . 我很高興在中國(guó)工作。
這里的 it 指的是 working in China 。
3 . Do you have any children ? 你有孩子嗎 ?
any “任何”后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞，例如：
Do you have any water ? 你有水嗎 ?
Do you have any sisters ? 你有姐妹嗎 ?
3 . Yes , I do . I have two children-a son and a daughter . 我有兩個(gè)孩子， 一個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒。
Yes , I do 是 I have children 的簡(jiǎn)略回答。
two children 兩個(gè)孩子，children 是 child 的復(fù)數(shù)形式
a son and a daughter 一個(gè)兒子，一個(gè)女兒。
a 和 an 是不定冠詞，均用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類人或物中的“一個(gè)”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念。
a 用于輔音前，an 用于元音前。例如：
He's a worker . 他是位工人。
This is an orange . 這是一個(gè)桔子。
He has an egg . 他有一個(gè)雞蛋。
4 . They go to school here . too . but , he says , to a different school form his . 他們?cè)谶@里上學(xué)但是，他說(shuō)與他不是同一所學(xué)校。
( 1 ) here 指 in China , his 指 his school .
( 2 ) different…from…“與……不同”“和……不一樣”例如：
Mary is different from Jane . 瑪莉與珍不同。
5 . What do you do ? 你是做什么工作的 ?
( 1 ) 詢問(wèn)某人的職業(yè)時(shí)，可說(shuō) What do you do ? 或 What does he / she…do ? What's his / her job ? 例如：
- What does your father do ? 你父親是做什么工作的。
- He's a policeman . 他是警察。
- What do I do ? Can you guess ? 我是做什么工作的 ? 你能猜出來(lái)嗎 ?
- I think you must be a film star . 我想你一定是個(gè)電影明星。
( 2 ) 注意 What do you do ? 中的兩個(gè) do。第一個(gè) do 是助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有詞義，用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。第二個(gè) do 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意思是“做”。在用 do 做謂語(yǔ)的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，兩個(gè) do 缺一不可。例如：
I don't do my homework in the afternoon . 我不在下午做家庭作業(yè)。
Does your mother do the housework on Saturday or on Sunday ? 你媽媽是星期六還是星期天做家務(wù)活 ?
6 . - Do you speak Chinese ? 你說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)嗎 ?
- A little 會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)兒。
A little。是簡(jiǎn)略回答，完整的句子是：Yes , I speak a little Chinese .
在日常交際中回答對(duì)方問(wèn)話時(shí)，往往不重復(fù)對(duì)方所說(shuō)內(nèi)容，而是簡(jiǎn)潔回答。例如：
-Where do you work ? 你在哪兒工作 ?
-Oh , on a farm near here . 哦，在附近的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 ( 完整的回答是：Oh , I work on a farm near here . )
-How do you like China ? 你喜歡中國(guó)嗎 ?
-Very much .
7 . Are you all in the same school ? 你們都在同一所學(xué)校嗎 ?
No , we aren't . The children go to a different school . 不，不在。孩子們?nèi)チ硪凰?( 不同的 ) 學(xué)校上學(xué)。
same 和 different 是形容詞。same 意為“同樣的、同一的”；different 意為“不同的”。在句中 same 前要用 the , different 如修飾單數(shù)名詞，前面則要用 a . 例如：
The twins look the same . They are in the same school . But they are in different classes . 這對(duì)雙胞胎看上去 ( 長(zhǎng)得 ) -樣。他們?cè)谕凰鶎W(xué)校，但不同的班級(jí)。
Lucy and Lily are wearing the same blouses and trousers . 露西和莉莉穿著同樣的襯衫和褲子。
There are many different things in the shop . 商店里有許多不同的商品。
I don't like the red coat . Please give me a different one . 我不喜歡這件紅色的上衣，請(qǐng)給我一件不同的。
8 . Chinese classes
Chinese classes 意思是語(yǔ)文課。class 有幾個(gè)意思，要注意它在不同句子中的不同意思
There are six classes in our grade . 我們年級(jí)有六個(gè)班。
We have four classes in the morning . 我們上午上四節(jié)課。
Good morning , class ! 同學(xué)們，早晨好 !
9 . with 和 and 的區(qū)別
with 和 and 意思都是“和”，但詞性不一樣。with 是介詞，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。例如：
He goes to school with me every day .
I live with my parents .
and 是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。例如：
I like red and black .
He likes playing football and watching TV .
Mr Li is our teacher and he is our friend , too .
10 . in a school 和 in school 的區(qū)別
in a school 表示地點(diǎn)，是說(shuō)明所在的地方。in school 表示“在學(xué)校讀書，求學(xué)”。例如：
Mr Brown teaches English in a school . 布朗夫人在一所學(xué)校教英語(yǔ)。
My brother is in school . 我兄弟在校讀書。
11 . He speaks some Chinese , but not much . 他能講一些中文，但不多。
表示語(yǔ)言的名詞如 Chinese，English , French , Japanese 等是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以用 some , a little , much 等修飾，不能用 many 修飾。原句中的 some 可用 a little 代替。but 是連詞，表示語(yǔ)氣的轉(zhuǎn)折，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)并列句。but not much 是個(gè)省略句，完整的句子是 but he doesn't speak much English。在英語(yǔ)日常交際用語(yǔ)中，特別是對(duì)話中常常省略前句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)，以避免重復(fù)。如：
-Do you speak Japanese ?
-Yes , but only a little . ( = Yes , but I can speak only a little Japanese . )
-Where do you work ?
-On a farm near here . ( = I work on a farm near here . )
-How do you like the park ?
-Very much . ( = I like it very much . )
【 妙文賞析 】
A Very Important Person
Important people often like to show how important they are .
They usually have the largest cars . They live in the biggest houses . They wear the most expensive clothes . They eat in the best restaurants .
Mr . Mammoth , the president of Acme . , was an important man . Acme Inc . was an important company , one of the biggest in the country .
Thousands of men and women worked for it .
The offices of Acme Inc . were in The Acme Building . This was one of the tallest buildings in the city . It had fifty floors .
Mr . Mammoth , the president , had his office on the top floor . One day a man came to see him . He walked up to Mr . Mammoth’s secretary . She was , of course , the most beautiful secretary in the company .
“ My name is John Watkins , ” he told her . “ I have come to see Mr . Mammoth . My appointment is at ten o’clock . ”
The most beautiful secretary in the building looked at the clock on the wall . It was the largest clock in the company .
“ It is ten o’clock now , ” she said . “ You are on time for your appointment . However , I am afraid you cannot see Mr . Mammoth . ”
John Watkins was surprised .
“ Oh ? Why is that ? ” he asked .
“ Mr . Mammoth is playing golf . ”
“ Oh , ” John Watkins said . “ Then he won’t be coming to his office today . ”
The most beautiful secretary in the company smiled at him .
“ Mr . Mammoth’s already here , ” “ He has the largest office in the world . ”
注釋：president 總裁。Inc 有限公司 ( Incorporated 的縮寫，英國(guó)人多用Ltd ) 。company 公司。 secretary 秘書 。appointment 約會(huì)。surprise 使驚奇。golf 高爾夫球。smile 微笑。
【 思維體操 】
1 . Which letters mean the twenty - six letters of English ? _______
2 . A big American and a little American were in a car . The little American was the big American son . But the big American was not his father . Who was the big American ? ______
答案：1 . ABC 2 . The little American's mother .
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
※ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)詞，常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) always , often , usually , sometimes , every and , in the morning , on Sundays 等連用。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻或說(shuō)話瞬間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now 連用。如：
Do you often go and see your teacher ? 你經(jīng)常去看你的老師嗎 ?
I always clean my bedroom on Sundays . 我總在每周日打掃臥室。
She is cleaning her bedroom now . 她現(xiàn)在正在打掃臥室。
Listen ! Who is singing in the room ? 聽 ! 誰(shuí)在房間唱歌 ?
※ 句子的種類：
英語(yǔ)的句子按其用途可分為：
( 1 ) 陳述句：用來(lái)說(shuō)明事實(shí)或說(shuō)話人的看法。
She doesn't like swimming .
( 2 ) 疑問(wèn)句：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題。分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。
Is Jim in Class 2 or ( in ) Class 1 ?
She is a good girl , isn't she ?
( 3 ) 祈使句：用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令。
Throw it like this。像這樣扔。
Don't throw it like that . 不要像那樣扔。
( 4 ) 感嘆句：用來(lái)表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情。
What a good boy he is !
How beautiful our school is !
【 動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
1 . The boy ____ a blue coat is Jack .
A . at B . of C . on D . in
2 . Lucy looks like Lily . Do you think ____ ?
A . so B . it C . this D . that
3 . There is ____ on the table .
A . three cups of tea B . three cup of teas
C . three cups of teas D . a cup of tea
4 . The students play games ____ Thursday afternoon .
A . on B . at C . in D . of
5 . My father ____ in shop , but he ___ there these days .
A . works , isn't working B . is working , works
C . works , not works D . is work , doesn't work
6 . There aren't ____ flowers in this school .
A . many B . much C . some D . a lot
7 . Are there any ____ in the house ?
A . meat B . milk C . orange D . people
8 . What does he teach ____ ?
A . her B . his C . your D . their
9 . We get up ____ .
A . at six in the morning B . at six of the morning
C . in the morning at six D . in morning on six
10 . “Whose room is this ? ”“____ . ”
A . The twins B . The twin's C . The twins' D . The twin
11 . These are your shoes . Those are ____ .
A . their B . her C . his D . your
12 . The ____ is Wang Ping .
A . boy's name's B . boy's name C . girl's names D . girls' names'
13 . -____ your family with you in England ?
-No , they are in China .
A . Is B . Do C . Are D . Does
14 . -What do you think of the Chinese people ?
-____ very friendly .
A . They are B . It is C . He is D . She is
15 . Look ! Uncle Wang ____ a machine .
A . is doing B . is making C . does D . makes
16 . Could I have ____ ?
A . an orange B . some apple C . a little banana D . any milk
17 . ____ your uncle work here in this factory ?
A . Do B . Does C . Is D . Are
18 . Take your coat ____ you , please .
A . of B . about C . with D . at
19 . One of ____ up and answers the question .
A . boys stand B . the boy stands C . the boys stands D . the boys stand
20 . I can only do ____ .
A . one of questions B . one of the question
C . a one of the question D . one of the questions
答案與提示：1 . 本題意思是，穿著藍(lán)色上衣的那個(gè)男孩是 Jack，表示“穿著”，用介詞 in。 2 . 本題意思是，Lucy 看起來(lái)像 Lily，你認(rèn)為是嗎 ? 問(wèn)對(duì)方是否也有同樣的想法或看法，英語(yǔ)中常說(shuō) Do you think so ? 此處 so 為代詞，代替上句提到過(guò)的事情。在這個(gè)句型中 think 后面不可用其它代詞。 3 . 本題表示不可數(shù)名詞的量，用一個(gè)相當(dāng)于量詞的可數(shù)名詞后加 of，前面再用數(shù)詞修飾，如 two pieces of paper ( 兩張紙 ) ，three bottles of beer ( 三瓶啤酒 ) ，原來(lái)的不可數(shù)名詞后仍不加 -s，據(jù)此，本題應(yīng)選 A。 4 . 表示在某一天的上午、下午、晚上，介詞用 on，而籠統(tǒng)地說(shuō)在上午，下午，晚上用 in。試比較 : in the morning , on Sunday morning . 5 . 前一句表示父親在這家商店工作，這是父親上班的地方，是經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，后一句說(shuō)明父親這幾天不在該店工作，這是臨時(shí)的，是目前幾天的情況，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，據(jù)上，本題應(yīng)選 A。 6 . flower 是可數(shù)名詞，句子是否定句，故只能選 A。much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，some 用在肯定句中，a lot 修飾動(dòng)詞，只有 a lot of 才可修飾名詞，故均應(yīng)排除。 7 . 本題是 there + be 的句型，從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 Are 來(lái)分析，主語(yǔ)肯定是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)選 D。AB 兩項(xiàng)中的名詞不可數(shù)，C 項(xiàng)的orange 是單數(shù)，均不合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。 8 . 本題動(dòng)詞 teach 帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，代表物的是直接賓語(yǔ)，在本題中就是 what，代表人的間接賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人稱代詞的賓格，故選 A。其余三項(xiàng)均為物主代詞，不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。 9 . 本題意思是：我們?cè)绯苛c(diǎn)起床，表示在幾點(diǎn)鐘，用介詞 at，在早晨用 in the morning。故 A 為正確答案。 10 . 本題檢測(cè)名詞所有格的用法，雙胞胎是 twins，是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞，其名詞所有格只須在詞尾加 ’即可，故 C 項(xiàng)為正確答案。 11 . 本題意思是：這些是你的鞋了，那些是他的。后一句中的物主代詞無(wú)名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞，只有 C 項(xiàng)符合要求，其余三項(xiàng)均是形容詞性物主代詞。 12 . 本題意為：這男孩名叫王平。主語(yǔ)是 name，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)為單數(shù)，且名詞所有格只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)，故排除 ACD 三項(xiàng)，B 項(xiàng)為正確選擇。 13 . 本題難點(diǎn)在于確定主語(yǔ) family 是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，在題中 family 作“家庭成同”且在答句中用 they 來(lái)代替，據(jù)此，應(yīng)選 C。 14 . Chinese people 意為“中國(guó)人民”，是復(fù)數(shù)，故相應(yīng)的人稱代詞應(yīng)用 they，所以應(yīng)選 A。 15 . 從動(dòng)詞 look ( 看 ) 可推知，該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。又表示“造機(jī)器”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞 make 故選 B。 16 . apple 是可數(shù)名詞，被 some 修飾時(shí)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但 banana 是可數(shù)名詞在 Could I have… ? 這種問(wèn)句中，問(wèn)者顯然是希望得到肯定回答的，故不能用 any，應(yīng)用 some。據(jù)上只有 A 為正確答案。 17 . 本題主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞 does，故應(yīng)選 B。 18 . 叫某人帶上某物，用 take sth . with sb . 。本題意思是：請(qǐng)帶上你的外套。所以選作介詞 with。 19 . One of 后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在該復(fù)數(shù)名詞前還應(yīng)有定冠詞。本題主語(yǔ)是 one，屬第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)加 -s，故選 C。 20 . 本題與上題相同，one of 后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前加上定冠詞。
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
將下列句子重新排列，使其成為一段意思完整的對(duì)話：
1 . What do you do ?
2 . In a shoe factory .
3 . Do you have any children ?
4 . Of course . He's a middle school student .
5 . What's your name , please ?
6 . I'm worker .
7 . John King .
8 . Where do you work ?
9 . Only a son .
10 . Is he a student ?
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把你寫好的答案反饋給我們 )
創(chuàng)新園地答案：5-7-1-6-8-2-3-9-10-4