1.Look at the map of China and the names of countries,islands and seas beyond China.
看看中國地圖以及除中國外的其他國家、島嶼和海洋的名字。
beyond在本句中為介詞,意為“在……的那邊,遠于;超出;除……之外!比纾
The apples on the tree are beyond my reach.
我夠不著樹上的蘋果。
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
除了他告訴我的別的我都不知道。
What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那邊有什么?
Don’t stay there beyond midnight. 不要過了半夜還呆在那兒。
2.The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.
東海位于浙江省的東面。
表示方法
①通常用動詞be和lie,be后接介詞短語,lie后既可接介詞短語,又可接副詞短語。
如:
Japan is to the east of China.
Japan lies to the east of China.
Japan lies east of China.
②有三個介詞可分別表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一個地點的外部,譯成“在…以…,在……面”;in表示范圍內;on表示接壤。例如:
Mexico is in the south of North America.
墨西哥位于北美的南部。
注意:表示某一山脈或界線,以東、以西、以南、以北必須用to。on還可表示“在……河畔”。
Nanjing lies on the Changjiang River. 南京位于長江之濱。
Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei. 廣東在湖北以南。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 廣東在湖南以南。(與湖南接壤)
③有時可以把副詞短語放在句首加動詞lie或stand,表示方位.(構成完全倒裝句)。
East of the village stands a big factory.
3.Where is your great-grand father on your father’s side from?
你父親的曾祖父是哪里人?
①on your father’s side意為“父親的,你父親的”。side在此意為“血統(tǒng),世系,家系”。如:
a cousin on my father’s side 父系的表親
her aunt on her mother’s side 她的姨媽
②be from = come from來自,是哪里人。如:
He is / comes from Japan. 他是日本人。
4.It is made up of two large islands:North Island and South Island.
它(新西蘭)由兩大島嶼組成:北島和南島。
be made up of…由……組成(指由個體組成某個整體,此時為被動結構。)
make up…組成…(此時為主動結構。)如:
Our class is made up of 32 boys and 20 girls. = Thirty-two boys and twenty girls make up our class.
我們班由三十二個男生和二十個女生組成。
make up還可作“彌補;編造;整理;化妝”講。例如:
This story was made up by Tom. 這個故事是湯姆虛構的。
She always makes up before leaving. 在走之前,她總是化一下妝。
We must make it up to him somehow.
我們得想個辦法賠償他。
5.New Zealand is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east,and the Tasman Sea to the south and west.
新西蘭北面和東面被太平洋包圍,南面和西面則是塔斯曼海。
surround…with…意為“用……把……圍住”,常用于被動語態(tài)
be surrounded by / with,意為“(四周)被……包圍,圍住”。要表達“在某一面被包圍,圍住”,短語后面接介詞to,by或on。例如:
The village is surrounded by mountains on its sides.
這個村子三面環(huán)山。
6.It is about the same size as Japan. 新西蘭大約和日本一樣大。
the same…as…意為“與……一樣/相同”。as后可接名詞、代詞、副詞及從句。如:
Your pen is the same as mine.
according to the same rules as before. 根據(jù)以前的規(guī)則
注意:“the same +名詞”后可接由as或that引導的定語從句。但是that強調的是同一件事情。例如:
This is the same book as I lost the other day.
這本書和我前幾天去的那本一模一樣。
This is the same book that I lost the other day.
這正是我前幾天丟的那本書。
7.The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue and many of New Zealand’s cities lie on a bay and have a natural deep harbour.
島國的周圍是蔚藍色的海洋,新西蘭許多城市都建在海灣上,擁有天然的深水港。
這里的介詞on表示“在……水(旁),靠近……(水);沿著(水邊)(at the side of a river or area of water)!崩纾
Tianjin is on the Haihe River. 天津在海河河畔。
注意比較:on the coast與off the coast. 兩者的意思都是“靠近岸邊”,但前者表示在岸上;后者表示“在海上”。
8.The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air.
北島以一個地區(qū)的溫泉而著稱,其中的一些溫泉噴到空中的水很高。
①be famous for…意為“以……著名/出名”。for表示原因。如:
China is famous for the Great Wall.
中國以長城而著稱。
②some of which throw…是一個非限制性定語從句,其標志是先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號。此句中的which不能用that代替,that不能引導非限制性定語從句。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.
足球,一項很有趣的體育活動,全世界都在踢。
9.It is some 3500 kilometres from Polynesia to New Zealand,which they travelled in narrow
boats.
從波利尼西到新西蘭有3500公里,他們乘著狹長的小船前來。
①此處“it”與“which”,均指代距離。
②some在句中是副詞,通常用于數(shù)字前,解釋“大約(about)”。例如:
That was some twenty years ago. 那是在大約20年前的事。
③Polynesia(波利尼西亞)是位于大洋洲東部的中太平洋群島,主要包括法屬波利尼西亞、夏威夷、湯加等。
10.Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769.
詹姆士庫克船長在1769年占領了這些島嶼。
take possession of意為“占領,占據(jù);獲得;占有”,其中possession是名詞,意為“擁有,占有,所有,著迷,領土,財產(復數(shù))”。如:
He had few possessions. 他的財產很少。
a man of great possessions 富人
How did you get possession of it? 你是怎樣得到它的?
He gave up possession of the house. 他放棄了這房子的所有權。
possess是動詞形式,意為“占有,擁有,持有”,如:
He possesses(=owns)a gold watch. 他擁有一塊金表。
11.By 1840 about 2000 Europeans,mainly British,had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed an agreement with these settlers.
到1840年,大約有兩千歐洲人,其中主要是英國人,就已經在新西蘭定居了,毛利人跟這些定居者簽訂了一份協(xié)議。
①by是介詞,在此句中意思是“到……時為止”,表示時間。其后若跟過去時間,時態(tài)多用過去完成時;其后若跟將來時間,時態(tài)多用將來完成時。如:
By the age of fourteen,he had learned advanced maths.
到十四歲時,他已學習高等數(shù)學。
By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 3000 English words.
到本學期末為止,我們將學會三千英語單詞。
②settle意為“定居;安置,安頓;解決,確定;使平靜”。如:
She has settled happily in America. 她在美國愉快地定居了。
We are settled in our new home. 我們入住新居。
We have settled who will pay for the meal.
我們已經定了由誰來付飯錢。
Wait until the excitement has settled down.
等到興奮的情緒鎮(zhèn)靜下來再說。
③sign在此句中是動詞,意為“簽名(于),署名(于)!比纾
Both parties have signed the contract. 雙方已經在合同上簽字了。
④agreement為名詞,意為“協(xié)議,協(xié)定,同意,一致,契約”。如:
His opinion is in agreement with mine.
他的意見和我的一致。
They have made an agreement about the plan.
他們在這個計劃上意見一致了。
12.New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people,of which about 14 percent are Maori.
新西蘭人口大約有三百八十萬,其中約百分之十四是毛利人。
have a population of指的是“人口數(shù)量是……”。常用在“哪個地方有多少人口”這個句型中。如:
Our city has a population of 10 million.
我們的城市有一千萬人口。
population還有下列用法:
①population作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如:
The population of China is very large. 中國的人口很多。
②但當population前有百分數(shù)或分數(shù)時,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。如:
More than eighty percent of the population of China are farmers. 中國80%以上的人口是農民。
③修飾population時,用large或small.如:
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中國的人口比日本多。
④對population提問時,用what不用how much.如:
What was the population of Europe in 2003?
2003年歐洲的人口是多少?
13.The happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.
在喜慶事件中,人們發(fā)表講話,還載歌載舞來慶祝。
mark作“標記于,打分數(shù),標志”講時,常與with連用。如:
The newly-painted floor was marked with footprints.
剛剛油漆過的地板留下了一些腳印。
The box is marked with“Made in China.”
那個箱子上標有“中國制造”字樣。
14.New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Island,while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms.
新西蘭是個重要的農業(yè)國家,在北島上養(yǎng)殖牛,而多山的南島則有更多的綿羊農場。
①with+賓語(cattle farming)+賓補(on the North Island),這是with的復合賓語結構。賓補除了是介詞短語外,還可以是形容詞、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。此結構作狀語。例如:
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in her hand.
I like sleeping with all the windows open.
Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen as his weapon.
魯迅用筆作為武器跟敵人作戰(zhàn)。
With all the problems to settle,I’ll have a hard time.
所有的問題有待于解決,我的日子將不好過。
With the boy leading the way,they had no difficulty in finding the house.
有那個男孩領著路,他們很容易地就找到了那棟房子。
With his homework finished,the boy went to bed.
②while為連詞,意為“而,然而”,表示對比。還有“當……時,雖然”。如:
She likes English while he likes maths.
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.
雖然他愛他的學生,可是他對他們很嚴格。
15.Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.
有一些農民已轉向養(yǎng)鹿。
①turn to在此句中意為“轉到,把……轉向”,to為介詞,后跟名詞或動名詞作賓語。如:
He turned to the study of medicine.他轉向學醫(yī)了。
After she left school,he became a teacher,but later he turned to driving. 他畢業(yè)后當過老師,后來轉行開了車。
turn to還作“翻到……;向某人/某物尋求幫助/建議/同情”等。如:
Please turn to page 42. 請把書翻到42頁。
There was nobody in the street whom I could turn to for help.
街上沒有一個我可以求助的人。
②keep在這里解釋“飼養(yǎng)(raise)”。
16.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
新西蘭葡萄酒質量很好,銷往全世界。
be of +(adj)n意為“具有……”,其中的名詞多為抽象名詞,如:help,use,importance,value等;也可為具體名詞,如:age,weight,height,length,width,size等。此短語在句中作表語,定語或賓語補足語。
例如:The suggestion that he gave us is of no use.(表語)
The woman of average height is our English teacher.(定語)
那位中等身材的婦女是我們的英語老師。
I found the book of great value.(賓補)