Teaching aims :
1. Talk about nature, ecology and the environment
2. Practise supporting an opinion
3. Learn to use inversion
4. Write an evaluation paragraph
Important points: a. To master the uses of some words and phrases
b. Learn to use Inversion
Difficult points: a. How to help the students master the use of inversion
b. How to understand the texts quickly and well
Teaching methods: asking and answering, practicing, scan & skim reading
Teaching aids: a tape recorder, a blackboard
Teaching periods: 5 periods
Teaching processures
The first period
Warming-up, listening and speaking
Step I. Greetings
Step II. Lead- in
T: Hello, everybody! As we all know, the earth is the only hoe of all creatures. Do you think it is beautiful? Yes. I agree with you. Can you name some places of interest in the world? Quite right. We have a lot of places of interest: the Great Wall, the West Lake, Zhangjiajie, Jiuzhaigou and so on. Do you think it is necessary and important for man to protect the earth? Yes, of course. Have you ever thought that the earth is also very dirty, .very ugly? Believe it or not, the earth is getting dirtier and dirtier. Look at the pictures in page 65,please
Step III. Warming-up
T: Now tell me what you can see in the pictures
Rivers have been polluted, rubbish is everywhere, factory chimneys have given off too much smoke causing lots if avid rain all over the world, which has damaged not only crops, but also plants. Besides, men himself also have done a great dead of harm to the environment.
OK. According to the pictures, answer the following questions
1. What is the biggest problem facing the earth? Why do you think so?
I think water pollution is the most serious problem facing the earth because we need clean drinking eater to survive and because animals and plants must have clean water, too.” If water is polluted. People will not be able to get clean water to drink; therefore, many people will get sick, It’s terrible.
2. What causes the problems?
I think it is because people pay no attention to our environment. They pour water into rivers, lakes and seas without cleaning it
The air pollution is caused by the factories. People build factories to develop the industry, but they never pay attention to controlling the pollution. The harmful smoke should be made harmless before it goes into the air, but few factories would like to d so because this will cost much.
3. What can we do to solve the problem?
I think our government should pay more attention to environmental protection, They should check the factories as often as possible to make sure they don’t pour waste water into rivers or lakes and make sure they don’t let harmful smoke go into the air.
4…What do you expect to learn in this unit?
I expect to learn more about the problems facing the earth and what we can do to solve the problems. or I expect to learn words that I can use to talk about nature, ecology and the environment
5 How will you use what you have learnt in your own life?
I will use the words and expressions I’ve learnt to discuss the isssues in the unit with my classmates .or I will use what I have learnt about the environment to change my behaviour.
Step IV Listening
T: Now look at the part of Listening. We are going to hear part of a speech on Earth Day.. I’ll play the tape twice. Listen and fill in the blanks..
Answers to Part 1.
1. She is giving this speech to celebrate Earth Day (and to talk about serious problems)
2. She think that water pollution / protecting our water is the most serious problem.
3. 1. We must learn to take better care of our water.
2.We must stop polluting our water
3.We must learn to save water in our daily life.
Answers to Part 2.
Argument 1. We should take better care of our water.
We must be more careful when we use our water.
We must use modern technology that some countries have already developed to solve the problem./ to water our plants.
If we work together and share what we know, we will be building a better future for all of us.
Argument 2 We must stop polluting our water.
Problem: We are polluting water at an alarming pace, cars, factories and air conditioners pollute the air and the water
Solutions: We must change the way we think and the way we live.
Let’s not drive if we can walk or ride a bike
Let’s try not to use air conditioners more than what is absolutely necessary.
Let’s not buy products that cause pollution.
Let’s make new rules and use new technology to make sure hat factories are green and clean.
Step V. Speaking
Give the students enough time to have a discussion and then ask the students who play the role of the local leader to read out their decisions.
Language points:
1. attend vt/vi 1）出席，參加，照料
attend (meeting, party, concert, show, wedding, class, lecture, school, church)
a. He decided to attend the conference in person.
他決定親自參加會(huì)議
b. He was ill and didn’t attend school yesterday.
c. Hia lecture was well attended.
聽他講課的人很多。
d. The football match was attended by thousands of football fans
數(shù)以千計(jì)的球迷觀看了這場(chǎng)足球賽。
e. Nurses attended the victims of the fore carefully.
護(hù)士們精心照料在火災(zāi)中受傷的患者。
Attend (on) 2）治療，護(hù)理，照顧
f. You have a good nurse attending (on) you
Attend to 注意聽，辦理，接待，治療。
g. Are you being attended to?
有人招待你嗎？（店員對(duì)客人的招待語）
H I have some private things to attend to this morning.
If you don’t attend to your teacher ,you will never learn anything .
Attendant adj. 負(fù)責(zé)照顧的，侍侯的 n. 服務(wù)員，接待員。
h. He works as a museum attendant.
他在博物館當(dāng)接待員。
2. issue c. n 1) 發(fā)行，出版，發(fā)行物，（報(bào)刊）期號(hào)
2）問題，爭(zhēng)端，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)。 3）結(jié)果，結(jié)局
a. I bought the book the day after its issue .
我在發(fā)行的第二天就買了這本書。
b. The latest issue of the magazine
最近一期的雜志
c. A new issue of stamps
新發(fā)行的郵票
d. The magazine comes out in monthly issue
該雜志每月出版一次
e. The next big issue confronting the workers is the questions of wages 工人們面臨的下一個(gè)重大問題是工資問題。
f. Argue political issue the question at issue
Vt. 發(fā)行，發(fā)給，出版
g. The post office issued the stamps last week,
h. The government issued food to the flood victims .
政府為水災(zāi)受災(zāi)者配給了食品
i. This magazine is issued weekly
3．Summarize vt /vi
a. The teacher summarized the main idea of the whole text in a few sentences
b. At the end of the meeting she summarized what w should do and how to do it .在會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，他簡(jiǎn)述了我們應(yīng)該做什麼，怎麼做
n. summary 總結(jié)，概要，摘要
c. The secretary wrote a one-page summary of the report for the manager
d. A new summary
..Blackboard Design
Unit 9 The first period 1. attend 2. issue 3.summarise
P.S. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
The Second and the third periods
Step I. Greetings
Step II. Lead-in
T: In the first period of this unit, we talked about our environment. We know that our environment is in great danger. It’s being seriously polluted. What can we do to protect the environment?
S. We can help more people to know the importance of protecting our earth. .We should not use the things that pollute the environment, such as plastic bags, air-conditioners and so on.
Step III. Pre-reading
T. Very good. Today we’re going to read the passage” Welcome to the earth summit”. It is about the earth summit and some of the major problems facing the world. Before reading the text, try to predict its content. Work in pairs and write down what you think each part of the text will be about.
Introduction: Introduce the Earth Summit to the readers. Tell readers when and where it is first geld and what it is about.
Body: Give more detailed information about the problems discussed at the meeting.
Problem 1: (maybe water pollution)
Problem 2: (maybe air pollution)
Problem 3: (maybe poverty)
Conclusion: What we can do to solve the problems.
Step IV Reading
1. Read the text quickly and answer the following questions.
1) What was the purpose of the 1st Earth Summit held in Stockholm in 1972. (To share ideas about how we can take care of the earth.)
2) What does the “big three” mean? Why do people call the “big three” mean? Why do people call the “big three” the three biggest killers in the world?
(The “big three” refers to contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and the air pollution. The reason why people call the “big three” the biggest killers in the world is that they cause more than seven million deaths every year, which takes up 15% of all the deaths in the world.)
3) How can man save the earth?
( By changing how he lives.)
2. Read the text carefully and then decide whether the given statement are true or false.
1) From the Earth Summit, we know that the earth is facing some serious problems. (T)
2) As a result of several Earth Summits, much progress has been made to save the earth. (T)
3) The “big three” refers to contaminated water, poverty and air pollution. (F)
4) In rural areas, people’s deaths have nothing to do with air pollution because these areas are far away from cities. (F)
5) According to China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji ,global development means that richer countries become richer while the poorer countries poorer.(F)
6) The Earth Summit people understand that man not only has serious problems, but also has time to deal with them. (T).
7) Small changes mean a big difference, and a big difference means that the environmental conditions of the earth will improve.(T)
8) More and more common people in society learn ”earth issues”.(F)
9) The willingness to act is as important as the better understanding of the environment.(T)
10) Without better education, man can’t build a better society, as a result of which he can neither go in harmony with nature, nor can he put an end to death and suffering caused by the big three. (T).
IV Answers to the post-reading questions
2.The ‘big three’ refer to the three biggest killers in the world: conta minated drinking water, poor sanitation, and are pollution. Other problems include deforestation and desertification, AIDS, war,
3. Conferences like the Earth Summit are important because they teach people about serious problems. They also bring together people who are interested in finding solutions to the problems and do something to pr otect human beings.
Language points:
1. summit n. 最高級(jí)會(huì)議，最高點(diǎn)，頂點(diǎn)。（尤指）山頂
a. He will attend a summit in Washington
b. Did anyone reach the summit?
2. content n. 內(nèi)容，目錄， 容量，含量
a. I like the style of his writing ,but Isn’t like the content
b. As is known to all, form and content are sure to be connected together.
c. Look at the contents before you buy the book
買書以前要先看目錄。
d. He emptied the bag and examined the contents.
他把包倒空，檢查了里面的東西
e. Apples have a high sugar content.
adj. 滿足的，滿意的 （通常只作表語，不用做定語,其后多與動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞 with 搭配。如果做定語，通常用contented 形式）
be contented with …../to do …
e. He’s perfectly content to live in the country and paint pictured all day.
f. He is not content with beautiful dreams, he wants beautiful realities.
g. The greatest wealth is being co ntent with a little.
最大的財(cái)富就是知足長(zhǎng)樂。
h. The little boy ran away with a contented smile .
Vt. 使（人或自己）滿足，使?jié)M意
Content oneself with …
i. Simple praise is enough to content him.
j. We should never content ourselves with book knowledge .
我們切不可只滿足于書本知識(shí)。
3．Representative n. 代表，典型，議員
adj. 有代表性的，典型的
a. If I can’t be present myself tomorrow ,I’ll send my representative to the meeting .
b .Do you know who is the representative of the P .R. C. in the UN ?
你知道中國(guó)駐聯(lián)合國(guó)代表是誰嗎？
C .Are your ideas representative of those of the other employees?
a. Can you show me a representative sample ?
4. access n. 接近，進(jìn)入（或進(jìn)入的）方法；到達(dá)（或進(jìn)入，使用）的權(quán)利或機(jī)會(huì)
a. The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track .
進(jìn)入這座建筑的唯一通道是一條泥濘的小路。
b. Only high officials have access to the top-secret papers.
只有高級(jí)官員才有權(quán)接觸機(jī)密文件
b. The students demand easy access to a good library .
c. How could the thief have gained access to that building
d. So far many people in the world have no access to education ..
Easy / hard of access 易于/難于接近或進(jìn)入
Give sb .access (to) 準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入，使某人得以進(jìn)入
5．Violence n 暴力，侵犯；猛烈；強(qiáng)烈
a. To much violence is shown on television, which, many people are afraid, has done great harm to the teenagers.
b. The north wind blew with great violence .
c. The violence f the hurricane caused trees uprooted.
d. He slammed the door with violence .
5. stress vt.著重，強(qiáng)調(diào)
n. 壓力，緊張，重力，重點(diǎn)，重要性，常與介詞on /upon 連用
a. The speaker stressed once again the importance of safety measures.
b. Stress the first syllable in “premier”.
c. I must stress that what I say is confidential .
我要強(qiáng)調(diào)我所說的是保密的。
d. As businessmen, we must lay great stress on honesty .
作為商家，我們必須特別重視誠(chéng)信。
e. Can those who place too much stress on money and position be trusted ?
能信任那些過分重視金錢和地位的人嗎？
f. With his wife ill, he is under a lot of stress.
g. He stressed / laid stress on / placed stress on the I mportance of good health again and again.
6. be + to do sth 表示 安排，命令，指責(zé)，義務(wù)，目的，用途，可能性， 結(jié)果。命中注定等。
a. We are to meet at the school gate.
b. The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day .
c. Yiu are to do your homework before you watch TV .
d. The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
e. This house is to be let or sold.
f. How am I to know what has become of him?
g. He was to blame for not locking the door.
h. They were never to meet again .他們注定以后永遠(yuǎn)再也見不著面了。
i. He came to power, but he was to pay dearly for it: soon he was assassinated. 他得到了權(quán)利，但是卻也為此付出了昂貴的代價(jià)：不久他就被暗殺了。
7．Equality n. 相等，平等
a. They are fighting for the equality of women .
b. The black people made or clear to the world that the racial equality was what they were after .
Equal adj .相等的，平等的
c. Women demand equal pay for equal work.
d. The two squares are equal in size, this one is equal to that one.
Equal n 相等的人 vt. 1)（在大小或數(shù)量上）等于，與。。。相等
2) equalize 使平等，使相等
a. He is a manager who treats his staff as equals.
b. “x =y “ means that x equals to y .
c. A small adjustment will equalize the temperature of the rooms.
稍微調(diào)節(jié)一下就可使各個(gè)房間溫度相等
equally adv
d. They’re both equally fit for the work .
8. responsibility u . n 責(zé)任，職責(zé)，責(zé)任感 c . n 所負(fù)責(zé)的事
a .I take full responsibility for the failure of the experiment .
b. A middle school student like you should have more sense of responsibility.
c. The Prime Minister has a lot of responsibilities .
Responsible adj sb be responsible (to sb) for 某人對(duì)。。。應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的
Sth be responsible for … 造成某事的原因
d. I’m responsible to her for the safety of her family.
e. Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
f. The weather is responsible for the delay .
9.There exist serious problems -------
There stand / appear /seem /remain /exist /come/lie /live /happen /enter /occur +n
a. There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.
b. There appear to be several reasons for changing or plans.
c.There came shouts for help from the river.
10. take action
a. The police had to take form action to deal with the riots.
b. Immediate action bust be taken to stop the fire spreading.
Act: 指短暫，而又具體的個(gè)別動(dòng)作，也用于某性質(zhì) 的動(dòng)作
Action : 指時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，復(fù)雜的，多步驟的，抽象的動(dòng)作。
c. The young man did another foolish act.
d. Force is the action of one object on another .
11.Only by changing the way ………
由“only +壯語” 結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首，句子也需采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
a. Only in this way can you work out the maths problem
b. Only when Tom returns this afternoon will the meeting began
c. * Only socialism can save China
12. willingness . n 愿意，心甘情愿。
A They did s how their willingness to help the poor
b. The government announced its willingness to send some medical workers to the African countries to help control the disease
willing
c He was willing to accept responsibility .
d.Are you willing that your son (should) be abroad to make further study ?
13. ,……as is the willingness to act ,
a. As we know, more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
b. This kind of computer, as is well-known ,is out of date .
c. He was strongly against the idea , as would be expected.
d. Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
14. harmony n. in harmony with 與。。。相一致
out of harmony with ….與。。。不相稱
a. The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture .
b. They have been living in harmony with each other for many years
c. The goal, he says, is to live in harmony with the world around us.
d. The music is out if harmony with his tastes
15. put an end to / put …to an end put…to a stop /put a stop to …..
a. We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
b. The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers
c. It’s time to put an end to the meaningless argument / put the meaningless argument to an end.
d. The meeting came to an end at 4:30 p.m
e. The train came to a sudden stop
16.wipe out 擦洗。。。的內(nèi)部，去除。消滅
a. Wait till I’ve wipe out the bathtub.
b. As time went n, those unpleasant events were gradually wiped out of his memory.
c. Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out AIDS .
V Homework
Blackboard Design
The Second Period 1.summit 2.content 3.representive 4.access 5.stress 6.take action
P.S..
The Fourth Period
I Greetings
II .Revision and lead in
T .Yesterday we read a passage about the Earth Summit and some of the major problems facing the world. Through the passage we know at the Earth Summit ,representatives from more than one hundred countries discussed some of the most important problems facing our plane. Up to now, several Earth Summits have been held and much progress has made. Can you tell me in which city the 2002 Earth Summit was held ?
III Word study
Suggested answers to exercise 1.
1. stressed 2.equality 3.responsibilities 4.representatives
5.summarized 6.willingness
Suggested answers to exercises 2.
Words that can be used to describe people : lonely, lively ,ugly, lovely, friendly;
Words that describe a situation ,idea or other words : unfortunately ,absolutely, especially, successfully, really,
Words with negative meaning : lonely, ugly, unfortunately,
Words wth positive or neutral meaning: lively, lively, friendly, absolutely, especially, successfully, really
IV Grammar 倒裝
1.完全倒裝（謂語全部放到主語前面）
1).為了使某種情景能夠表達(dá)的生動(dòng)形象，在以in, out, up, sown, away, off, over, next, such, back 等副詞作壯語置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞是come, go, rush, run 等不及物動(dòng)詞的句子里，如：
a ..Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang.
b. .. Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse .Down drops the meat into th fox’s mouth
c. Next came Tom.
(若主語為人稱代詞，則用自然語序)。
d. In he came and the lesson began .
2).there, here, now ,then 引導(dǎo)的句子及 there/here be(exist, etc)引導(dǎo)表“存在”的句子。
e. There goes the bell and class is over .
f. Then followed a shot of gun .
g.There exist different op ions on this question
（若主語為人稱代詞，則用自然語序）
There you go again .（你又來這一套）
3）表示“地點(diǎn)”的詞語置于句首或強(qiáng)調(diào)“地點(diǎn)”概念時(shí)，應(yīng)注意主謂一致的問題，如
a, Between the two buildings stand s a tall tree .
b. On the ground lay a sick goat.
2) 作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語
a .Sting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.
b. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday .
c. Gone are days when the women were looked down upon
3. 部分倒裝
1)表達(dá)否等意義或半否定意義的副詞，介詞短語，連詞等置于句首時(shí)。常見詞語有 never, little, no sooner, hardly, seldom, not, by no means, in no case, in no time, not until, not a bit, many a time, scarcely, barely no longer ,at no time, o sooner. ..than. often ,hardly. ..when, not only …but also.等，如
a .Never before has out country been as united as it is today .
b. At no time does he do something against his will .
c. .No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all got sown to rest.
2) only, not until 引導(dǎo)的壯語置于句首時(shí)。如：
a. Only when one is away from home does one realize how mice home is.
b. Not until the teacher came in did he finish his homework.
3 as引導(dǎo)的讓步壯語從句，意為“盡管”，通常把句中壯語，表語部分或動(dòng)詞提前，若 表語是名詞，不加冠詞。如：
a. Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.
b. Child as he is, he has been to many places.
c. Much as I wanted to see him, I dare not see him.
d. Go as you may, you can’t see him.
(though 引導(dǎo)的從句可倒裝，可不倒裝，但although 引導(dǎo)的從句不能倒裝。
3)在so/ such…(結(jié)果壯語從句)結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so, such 引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)，用倒裝語序，如：
a. So shallow is the lake that no fish an live in it .
b. So loudly did he speak that even people I the next room could hear him.
c. Such a good boy is he that we all love him.
3) so /neither/ nor 置于句首，表示前者情況也適用于后者
4) 省略if的條件句以had /were /should 開頭引起的倒裝。
a. Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams
b. Were she my friend, I would ask her for help.
c. Should it rein tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
V. Ask the students to finish the exercises 1&2 on page 70.
VI. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.
Unit 9. Saving the earth
The Fourth Period
Grammar: Inversion
1. There exist / be…
2. Not / Never / Seldom…
3. Only +adverbial…
4. …so, neither, nor, as +V +S
Postscript.
The Fifth Period
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Greetings
Step II. Revision and Lead-in
T: Yesterday, we learnt the use of Inversion and did some exercises. Can you tell me the difference between inverted sentences and usual sentences?.
Well, now please open your books at Page 71. Look at the first part in Listening and Speaking: Listen to the speeches from the Earth Summit and complete the outlines below. I’ll play the tape twice continuously. Listen carefully and finish your task..
T: Well done. You’ve understood the speeches exactly. Do you agree with what they are saying? .Write down your thoughts, comments, opinions and questions about what they said. Prepare for a few minutes. Then we’ll go on with the next task..
OK, Now you have a chance to make your own speech. Use your notes and think about what you would like to say .First, write an outline ,and then give the speech in class. Make sure that you are ready to answer questions and defend our argument.
Tips for preparing a speech.
I. Think about your aucience
A .Who will listen to your speech?
b. What are they interested in?
c. What do they want to know/
d. What fo they already know?
II. prepare and practise
a. Research your topic carefully and organise the material
b. Before you give the speech, practise in front of a mirror or together with a friend.
Step III. Writing
T. As we all know, environment problems are becoming more and more serious with the development of modern agriculture and industry. Among al the problems, which do you think is the most serious one? Why do your thjnk so? What to you think should be done to solve it? Now write a paragraph to tell your reader about these questions..
Step IV Language Points
1. alternative adj. 1）兩者（或兩者以上）擇一的，供選擇的，非此即彼的。如。
a. We returned by the alternative read. （我們從另一條路返回）。
b. They had to find alternative means of transportation. (他們得另找一種運(yùn)輸方法)。
c. There exist several alternative possibilities. (存在著幾種相互替代的可能性。)
d. I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.(我提議這次度假不是到山上就是走另一條路)。
n. 兩者取一，可供選擇的辦法（或方案）
e.I’m afraid that you have no alternative but to leave the city as quickly as you can, (恐怕你除了盡快離開這座城市外，別無選擇)。
f.You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping quiet. (你或者發(fā)言，要不然就保持安靜)。
v. （使）輪流，交替
a. His moods alternated between happiness and gloom.
（他的情緒時(shí)而快樂，時(shí)而憂郁。）
2. affect v. 影響，感動(dòng)，（疾病）侵襲。如
d. The increase of the oil price will certainly affect the development of worldwide economy.
e. The policy of birth control has greatly affected and will still have a great effect on the development of our country.
f. Cancer had affected his livers.
g. All the people in the room were affected to tears.
h. This disease affects millions in the world every year.
V. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.
Unit 9. Saving the earth
The Fifth Period
1. alternative
2. affect
P.S.