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一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.before long;long before
before long 意為“不久、很快”（soon,after a short period of time）,其中的before是介詞，long是名詞，在句中作狀語，常與將來時或過去時連用。如：
Before long he had to move on again.
long before意為“很久以前”，其中的long是副詞。long before單獨(dú)使用時，before是副詞。long before后接名詞或代詞時，before為介詞。long before后接從句時，before為連詞。該詞組常與過去時、過去完成時連用。如：
They heard of it long before.
I knew your brother long before I knew you.
2.force; make
force和make均有“迫使”之義，但有區(qū)別。force常含有暴力威脅之意，常用于“force+名詞/代詞+帶to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
The PLA men forced the enemy to surrender(投降).
make 所表示的迫使意義沒有force強(qiáng)，常用于“make+名詞/代詞+省略to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
What makes you think I’m a worker?
How did Lin Feng make the baby stop crying?
注：當(dāng)make用于被動語態(tài)時，其后作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶to。如：The workers were made to work ten hours a day.
3.such… that;so…that
such…that和so…that 引導(dǎo)的都是結(jié)果狀語從句。一般such+名詞+that,so+形/副詞+that，其具體用法如下：
（1）such… that:
①such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，即such+a/an+(形)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
This is such a good book that I have read it several times.
②such修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，即：such+(形)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：
These are such small shoes that I can’t wear them.
③such修飾不可數(shù)名詞，即：such+(形)+不可數(shù)名詞，如：
He made such rapid progress that he did well in mid-term examination.
④such與one,no等詞一起修飾名詞時，這些詞要放在such的前面，即：
one
no
any
all 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
many +such+ 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 ,如:
some 不可數(shù)名詞
several
few
He has made some such mistakes.
I have met many such people.
One such book is enough.
There is no such a word in the dictionary.
All such story-books must be collected.
I have few such good books.
I have never met any such persons.
注：such a lot of +名詞，而不能說a lot of such+名詞。
（2）so…that
①so修飾形容詞或副詞，即：so+ 形/副+that，如：
Mr Wang is so busy that he can’t leave his office.
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
②so也可以修飾名詞，但該名詞前必須有many,few,little等表示數(shù)量多少的詞修飾。如：
many
so+ +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
few
much
so+ +不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
little
該句型只能用so,而不能用such,如：
I have had so many falls(跌了那么多跤)that I’m black and blue(青一塊紫一塊)all over.
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
Teachers in our school have so much work to do that they are busy all day.
John has so little money that he can’t buy the book.
(3)such…that與 so…that 的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
當(dāng)被修飾部分是“ a/an+形容詞+名詞”時，以上兩個句型可以通過調(diào)整a或an的位置進(jìn)行互換。即：
such a/ an+形容詞+名詞+that…=so+形容詞/a/an+名詞+that…。如：
It is such a good book that I have read it several times.
=It is so good a book that I have read it several times.
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.
=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
注:當(dāng)被修飾的部分是“形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”時，二者不能進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。如：
such good students 不能改為：so good students.
such rapid progress 不能改為：so rapid progress.
4.advice 的用法
advice的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：
(1)advice表示“忠告、建議”，是不可數(shù)名詞。表示忠告的數(shù)量，要借助piece 來表達(dá)。如：
a piece/two pieces of advice一條/兩條建議
(2)advice后接that從句，從句的謂語常用“（should+）動詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：
The doctor gave his father advice that he (should)not smoke any more.醫(yī)生建議他的父親不要吸煙了。
(3)give advice on表示“在……方面提出建議”，后面的 on 有時可改為 about。如：
He gave us some advice on/about how to study well.他給我們提了些如何搞好學(xué)習(xí)的建議。
5.表示年齡的介詞
(1)表示“在某人十幾歲/二十幾歲/三十幾歲……九十幾歲”時，用介詞in,即構(gòu)成短語“in one’s teens/twenties/thirties…nineties”。如：
When Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia.當(dāng)馬克思五十幾歲時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國形勢很重要。
(2)表示某人超過多少歲時，用介詞over或above。如：
My father is a man above fifty.我父親是一個五十多歲的人。
He didn’t get married until he was over forty.他直到四十多歲才結(jié)婚。
(3)表示某人不到多少歲時，用介詞under或below。如：
People below eighteen years of age have no rights to vote.不到十八歲的人沒有選舉權(quán)。
The teachers here are all under thirty years old.這里的老師都不到三十歲。
(4)表示某人大約多少歲時，用介詞about或 around。如：
The men invited yesterday is about sixty.昨天被邀請的人約六十歲。
(5)表示某人接近多少歲時，用介詞towards或near。如：
The old many towards 100 years old passed away last year.那個差不多滿百歲的老人去年去世了。
(6)表示某人正好多少歲時，用介詞at或介詞短語 at the age of。如：
My father began to make a living at 15/at the age of 15.我父親在十五歲時開始謀生。
另外，也可用“介詞of+數(shù)詞”來表達(dá)，不過此短語常作后置定語。如：
When Edison was a boy of sixteen,he invented many things.當(dāng)愛迪生還是一個十六歲的孩子時，他就發(fā)明了許多東西。
6.die用法小結(jié)
(1)“死亡”是個終止性動詞，不能用完成時態(tài)，如果要與表示一段時間的狀語連用時，需使用其形容詞形式dead（死的）。如：
He died ten years ago.
He has been dead for ten years.
(2)沒有進(jìn)行時，如果用進(jìn)行時，則表示“漸漸死去、快死去、渴望”的含義。如：
The dog is dying.
She is dying to know the result.
(3) 與die構(gòu)成的一些動詞詞組：
①die away“逐漸消失、平息”。如：
The sound has died away.
②die by“死于……”，常與暴行、刀劍等詞搭配。如：
The thief died by sword(刀劍)。
③die for “為……而死”。如：
He died for the people. His death is as heavy as Mount Tai
④die from“由于……而死”，后常接災(zāi)禍、衰弱、負(fù)傷等外因。
He died from a chest wound.(胸部受傷)
He died from weakness.(衰弱)
⑤die of“因（患）……而死”，后常接年老、疾病、情感、貧寒等內(nèi)因的死。如：
The baby died of a fever.
The old woman died of grief(悲傷)soon after her husband’s death.
⑥die out“熄滅、絕種（跡）”。如：
The lights died out suddenly.
Many old customs are gradually(逐漸地)dying out.
7.同源賓語用法
一般來講，不及物動詞不能帶賓語。但英語中有些不及物動詞可帶上與該動詞同根的名詞作賓語，語法上稱作“同源賓語”�？蓭促e語的動詞常用的有：
live,smile,dream,die,breathe,laugh,sleep,sing,fight,run等。
(1)live a happy/hard/simple/quiet/miserable life過著幸福/苦難/儉樸/安靜/悲慘的生活，如：
In the past people lived a hard life but now they are living a happy life.
(2)smile a forced smile勉強(qiáng)笑笑，如：
He smiled a forced smile at me and went away.
(3)dream a wonderful/bad/terrible dream做美/惡夢
(4)die a heroic/glorious death英勇就義/光榮犧牲
die a sudden death突然死去
(5)breathe a deep breath做深呼吸，如：
It is good for us to breathe a deep breath in the morning.
(6)laugh a merry laugh開心一笑
laugh a foolish laugh傻笑
(7)sleep a sound sleep熟睡，睡得極甜
sleep a comfortable sleep睡得很舒服
(8)sing a wonderful/beautiful song唱著優(yōu)美的歌曲
(9)fight a victorious battle 打勝仗
(10)run a fast race快跑
以上可看出同源賓語的特點(diǎn)：
(1)同源賓語前面常有形容詞修飾。
(2)同源賓語前常用不定冠詞修飾
(3)separate…from;divide…into
divide表示“分開、劃分、分割”，引申表示“意見不合、使不合”的意思，側(cè)重把某一整體的人或物分成若干份。如：
Ireland is divided into two countries.
愛爾蘭被分成兩個國家。
注意：divide后可接into和among,即divide A into B,意為：把A劃分成B；divide sth.among/between sb.常指把一具體東西分給幾個或更多的人。如：
The teacher divided the boys from the girls.老師把男孩子和女孩子分為兩組。
He divided the cake among the children.他把蛋糕分給孩子們。
separate表示“分離”“分隔”，常與from連用。指把原來連在一起的或靠在一起的人或物分隔開，使之間隔一段距離。另外，separate可用做形容詞，表示“單獨(dú)的”。如：
The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.兩個島嶼被愛爾蘭海分隔開來。
The patients should be separated from the others.這些病人應(yīng)當(dāng)隔離。
8. part of ;a part of
二者可接單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前要有the,these,your等限定詞。盡管兩個詞組都表示“部分”，但詞義范圍有所不同。a part of指整體的一半以下，一小部分。如：
A great part of the city was destroyed.市內(nèi)很大一部分地區(qū)被毀。
part of指整體的一半或一半以下。part of 中的part可用復(fù)數(shù)parts.如：
I’ve read part of the book.這本書我看了一部分。
In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.世界上有許多地方把玉米磨成粉。
注意：若強(qiáng)調(diào)某物是整體的不可分割的一部分，往往只用part of.如：
Taiwan is part of China’s territory. 臺灣是中國領(lǐng)土（不可分割）的一部分。
9.be famous for;be famous as
這一對短語都是“以……而出（著）名”的意思，但它們會在含義和用法上有區(qū)別。
(1)當(dāng)主語是表示人的名詞時，be famous for表示“以某種知識、技能、作品或特征而出名”，be famous as 則表示“以某身份而出名”。試比較：
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.愛因斯坦以他的相對論而著名。
Einstein was famous as a great scientist.愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學(xué)家而著稱。
(2)當(dāng)主語是地點(diǎn)名詞時，be famous for 表示“以某種特點(diǎn)（產(chǎn)品）而出名”；be famous as 則表示“以什么樣的產(chǎn)地而出名”。如：
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.蘇格蘭有許多湖泊和山脈，并以其鄉(xiāng)村美景著稱。
The area is famous as a green tea producing place.這個地區(qū)以綠茶產(chǎn)地而出名。
(3)當(dāng)主語是事物名詞時，be famous for表示“以其內(nèi)容、特征、價值等而被人所知”；be famous as 則表示“以某種形式出名”。如：
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage. 這本語法書以其實(shí)用性而被人所知。
This book is famous as a reference book.這是一本有名的參考書。
總之，be famous for后的介詞是主語的所屬內(nèi)容，而be famous as 后的介詞賓語則與主語是同位成分。
10.feed…to;feed…on(with);feed on
這三個詞組都有“喂食”的意思，但使用時須注意區(qū)別：
(1)feed…to中的feed是及物動詞，其后接飼料或食物名詞作賓語，to為介詞，其后一般接動物或小孩等名詞表示對象，其詞組意思是：把……喂給……吃。如：
Please feed some grass to the cow.請給牛喂點(diǎn)草。
She has fed milk to the baby.她已給嬰兒喂過奶。
(2)feed…on 中的feed也是及物動詞,其后接人或動物名詞作賓語, on后接食物或飼料名詞,其詞組表示“用……喂……”。On可與with 替換。如：
The child was feeding the monkey on/with a banana.那孩子用香蕉喂猴子。
(3)feed on 中的feed為不及物動詞，意思是“食、吃”（主要指動物，若指人則為口語或詼諧用語），與介詞on連用構(gòu)成及物動詞詞組，其詞組意思是“以……為食，靠……為生”，其主語主要用來指動物，也可用于指嬰兒，其賓語通常是食物或飼料名詞。如：
Cattle feed mostly on grass.牛以草為主食。
feed on與live on同義，但live on主要用于指人，以人作主語，常以表示食物、工資、錢等的名詞作賓語。如：
People live on rice.這里的人以大米為主食。
She lives on a small salary.她靠微薄的薪水為生。
但live on 也可用于指動物，以動物名詞作主語。例如：
All ants live/feed on liquid food.所有的螞蟻以液體食物為主。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
題1 （上海 1999）
It is not rare in _______ that people in_____fifties are goig to university for further eduation.
A.90s; their B.the 90s ;不填
C.90s; 不填 D.the 90s;their
分析：D。表示“20世紀(jì)90年代”應(yīng)用in the 90s，在某人50多歲的時候應(yīng)用in one’s fifties。
題2 （NMET 1995）
He gained his ______ by painting______of famous writers.
A.wealth;work B.wealths; works
C.wealths;work D.wealth;works
分析：D。wealth財(cái)富，為不可數(shù)名詞，故不能選擇B和C。works表“著作、作品”，可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)。
題3
-I’d like________ information about the management of your hotel,please.
-Well,you could have ______ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a
分析：A。information為不可數(shù)名詞，前不能加不定冠詞，所以B，D應(yīng)排除。have a word with sb.是英語中的固定詞組，意為“談一談”。
題4 （上海 1993）
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he_________.
A.had long been expected B.had long expected
C.has long expected D.was long expected
分析：B。expect的動作發(fā)生在receive之前，即過去時態(tài)之前，所以用過去完成時態(tài)。
題5 （NMET 2002）
-Is John coming by train?
-He should,but he______ not. He likes driving his car.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
分析：D。 該題考查情態(tài)動詞用法，根據(jù)題意可知：John應(yīng)該坐火車來，但也許不是（坐火車來）。從四個選項(xiàng)的否定形式看：mustn’t表示“絕對禁止、不允許”，can’t 表示“不可能”，needn’t表示“沒必要”，may not 表示“可能不”，所以應(yīng)用may not.
題6
Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A.a large B.larger C.a larger D.the larger
分析：D。要比較兩個中“較……的一個”，應(yīng)用比較級。所以前面加the.