情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞原型連用，多表示對(duì)目前或?qū)?lái)情況的看法或態(tài)度，但情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)連用時(shí)，多用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的看法或態(tài)度。
1. should+have+過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去“本應(yīng)該┅”。而實(shí)際上該動(dòng)作并未做，暗示說(shuō)話人對(duì)自己的責(zé)備，抱怨或遺憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle brush.
我們本應(yīng)該把叢林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.
我多么懊悔我把本應(yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)的日子都玩掉了。
Shouldn’t+have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去“本不應(yīng)該┅”而實(shí)際上做了的動(dòng)作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.
你本來(lái)不應(yīng)該告訴任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon..
他們本來(lái)不應(yīng)該去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去“本應(yīng)該。。�！倍鴮�(shí)際上未做。相當(dāng)于“should + have + 過(guò)去分詞”
You ought to have helped him.
你應(yīng)該幫他一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.
上周你就應(yīng)該把這些書(shū)還給學(xué)校圖書(shū)室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 過(guò)去分詞 = shouldn’t + have +過(guò)去分詞
eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.
你不該把他的傘拿走。
He oughtn’t to have been there.
他本不應(yīng)該到那去。
3. must + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，譯成“一定， 相必，可能”。
What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.
對(duì)這位年輕教師來(lái)說(shuō)，教我這樣的學(xué)生一定是個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.
因?yàn)闇侠餄q滿了水，昨晚一定下雨了。
表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)時(shí)。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 過(guò)去分詞”，一般不用“mustn’t + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。
Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.
喬不可能離開(kāi)，剛才我還看見(jiàn)他了。
The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.
舞會(huì)不可能象你希望的那樣成功。
“must + have + 過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用have (has), 有明確表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（before 除外） 反意疑問(wèn)句用did.
He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?
他準(zhǔn)把作業(yè)做完了。對(duì)嗎？
He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?
他昨晚上肯定參加會(huì)議了，是嗎？
4. may (might) + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。用might + have + 過(guò)去分詞可以用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑問(wèn)句
In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.
作為報(bào)答，我也許教給了你們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)醫(yī)療技術(shù)。
Might he have been caught and killed?
他有可能被抓住殺掉嗎？
Might + have + 過(guò)去分詞也能表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的可能性的推測(cè)，有“本應(yīng)該。。。”，但未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，含有婉轉(zhuǎn)責(zé)備的意思。
You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.
我對(duì)你講話時(shí)，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)才對(duì)。
You might have let me know before you went out.
外出之前，你應(yīng)該先告訴我。
5. can (could) + have +過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)�！癱an + have + 過(guò)去分詞”一般多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句， 不用于肯定句。
Can he have gone yesterday?
難道他昨天就已經(jīng)走了嗎？
They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.
他們不可能在森林中迷路，因?yàn)槲医o他們畫(huà)了一張畫(huà)。
Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.
本周末貝爾不可能回家，今天下午我還在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上看見(jiàn)他了。
“Can (could) + have + 過(guò)去分詞” 也表示過(guò)去“本應(yīng)該。。�！倍醋觥�。。
John could have read his assignment while he waited for the doctor.
約翰在等醫(yī)生的時(shí)候應(yīng)該看一下他的作業(yè)。
Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.
瑪麗不可能去上學(xué)，今天是星期天。
在表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè)時(shí)，可用could/ might / may + 完成時(shí)。
They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.
他們也許從史蜜斯那兒聽(tīng)到了這個(gè)消息。
6. need + have +過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去“沒(méi)有必要做”，有責(zé)備的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不應(yīng)該。。�！钡� 事
Need you have watched TV last night?
你昨晚有必要看電視嗎？
You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.
你沒(méi)有必要這么早就叫醒我，（因?yàn)椋┙裉焓切瞧谔臁?/p>
7. would + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示“本應(yīng)該。。�！�，而未。。。
We would have argued with you.
我們當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該與你們爭(zhēng)辯一下。
另外：would like to have + 過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去希望做。。。，但未。。。
I would like to have seen the film.
我希望我當(dāng)時(shí)看了這部電影。
I would like to have met her.