Finding a job
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
ability , application , female , human nature , inform , relationship , suit … to , bored , open up , receptionist , conceited
Ⅱ. 交際英語(yǔ)
Making appointments (約會(huì))
1. Are you free on Monday ? / Will you be free on Saturday night ?
2. How about tomorrow morning ?
3. Shall we meet at 4: 30 at the bus stop ?
4. All right . See you then .
5. Yes , I’ll be free then . / Yes , that’s all right .
6. No, I won’t be free then , but I’ll be free at 10 o’clock .
7. There’s something I’d like to talk over with you , I wonder if …
8. Would … be convenient for you ? / What time would be convenient for you ?
9. Any time Thursday or Friday is all right . / Any time except Thursday or Friday would be all right .
10. I’m sorry , but Sunday wont be so convenient for me . / I wonder if we could change the time of … to … . You see , something unexpected has come up .
交際示范：
A：Mr Zhang , there’s something I’d like to talk over with you . Would sometime this week be convenient for you ?
B：Let me see . Would Wednesday morning be all right ?
A：That’ll be fine . Suppose I come to your office at about ten . Or would you prefer some other time ?
B：No , ten is all right .
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。特別注意狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用：
※ 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句有以下時(shí)態(tài)：
1 . 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
Can I join the club , Dad ?
You can when you _____ a bit older .
A . get B . will get C . are getting D . will have get
答案： A
2 . 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。如：
We won‘t climb up the mountain until rain ______ .
A . stopped B . stops C . has stopped D . is stopped
答案：C
※ no sooner … than , hardly … when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一 般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
No sooner had she seen the news than she fainted . (她一看到這個(gè)消息就暈倒了。)
Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began . (她們一開(kāi)始工作，問(wèn)題就來(lái)了。)
※ 由 when , as , while 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，在過(guò)去時(shí)間范疇內(nèi)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有如下時(shí)態(tài)：
1 . 若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示短暫的動(dòng)作，而從句的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
My brother ____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself .
A . fell ; was B . fell ; we riding
C . had fallen ; rode D . had fallen ; was riding
答案： A
Tom ______ into the house when no one ______ . 答案：A
A . slipped ; was looking B . had slipped ; looked
C . slipped ; has looked D . was slipping ; looked
As she _____ the newspaper , Granny ______ asleep .
A . read ; was falling B . was reading ; fell
C . was reading ; was falling D . read ; fell 答案： B。
2 . 由 when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句謂語(yǔ)是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，從句謂語(yǔ)是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
The students ______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office .
A . had written ; left B . were writing ; has left
C . had written ; had left D . were writing ; had left 答案：D
※ 由 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主從復(fù)合句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有如下?tīng)顟B(tài)：
since 時(shí)間從句中的動(dòng)詞大多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句表示時(shí)間的 it作主語(yǔ)，則多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。如：
How have you been since I saw you last time ? (自從我上次見(jiàn)到你以后，你一向還好嗎 ? )
It is (has been)just a month since he arrived here . (他來(lái)這里已經(jīng)有一月了。)
It is five years since I lived in Nanchang . (自從我不住在南昌以來(lái)已經(jīng)5年了。)
It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang . (自從我住在南昌以來(lái)已經(jīng)5年了。)
I haven’t heard from him since I lived in Nancang . (自從我離開(kāi)南昌以來(lái)，已經(jīng)5年了。)
※ 含 before 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，那么主句謂語(yǔ)可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
That was long before I came . (那是我來(lái)以前很久的事了。)
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain . (我們剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校時(shí)，天就下雨了。)
※ 在由 by the time 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
BY the time you come home next time . the building will have been finished . (到下次你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，這陳樓房就建起來(lái)了。)
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
倒裝句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞，常用全部倒裝。
Out rushed the boys .
Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代詞作主語(yǔ)，只把該副詞提前主謂語(yǔ)序不變。Here he comes . Here it is .
2 . 當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)是表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)，也常常引起全部倒裝。
South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以帶有否定意義而且修飾全句的詞開(kāi)頭的句子，要用“部分倒裝”語(yǔ)序 ( 倒裝的方法跟變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法相似 ) 。這類(lèi)常見(jiàn)詞有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主句“部分倒裝” ) ，little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。
Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒裝”形式的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than , when 引出的從句用過(guò)去時(shí)。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果帶有否定意義的詞不是修飾全句，只是修飾主語(yǔ)，那么句子的主謂不必倒裝。
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修飾形容詞或副詞，only 修飾副詞或狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)“部分倒裝”。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment .
Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修飾主語(yǔ)，句子則不倒裝。
Only Wang Lin knows this .
5 . 把副詞 so 放在句首，表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一人或物，意思為“也”，需倒裝。其句型為：So + be ( have , 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ) + 主語(yǔ)。
-She went to the cinema last night .
-So did I .
但如果 so 不作“也”講，用來(lái)重復(fù)前面一句話的意思時(shí)，句子不倒裝。
-It is raining .
-So it is .
6 . neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作“也不”講時(shí)，所引導(dǎo)的句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。He can ‘ t answer the question . Neither can I .
7 . 為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)，需倒裝。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
8 . 由 as , though ( although ) 引導(dǎo)的表示“雖然”，“盡管”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把從句中的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等放在 as 的前面。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. ability能力
He is a man of great ability . 他是一個(gè)非常有才干的人。
Man has the ability to speak .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗該詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作“才能，技能”講。to the best of one’s ability盡全力。如：
He found a job more suited to his abilities .
I’ll carry out your instructions to the best of my ability .
2. female女性的，婦女的
the female sex女性
〖點(diǎn)撥〗該詞還作“雌性的”講。其反義詞是male 。
3. inform告知，通知
Can you inform me where he lives ?
He informed them of her arrival .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗inform sb of / about sth通知某人干…… 。其名詞information是不可數(shù)名詞。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. in itself本身；實(shí)質(zhì)上
When you teach people to draw , you are teaching them to look , which is in itself very worthwhile .
2. end up結(jié)局；結(jié)束
The party ended up with the singing of a popular song .
We started with soup , and had fruit to end up with .
How does the story end up ?
If you continue to steal , you’ll end up in prison .
3. be suited to適合……；適宜……
He is suited to be an engineer .
4. make a list of列一張……清單
5. rely on sb for sth = depend on / upon sb for sth依靠某人得到
It’s better to rely on her for the money rather than rely on her brother .
Don’t rely upon hin to finish the work today .
6. fill in a job application form填工作申請(qǐng)表
7. have a disagreement with … 與某人在……意見(jiàn)不一致
8. follow one’s interests and abilities尊重某人的興趣和能力
9. remind sb of提醒某人某事
10. take exams for為得到……參加考試
11. open up打開(kāi)；張開(kāi)；開(kāi)發(fā)
The company has decided to open up this area for housing .
The pioneers opened up this land over a hundred years ago .
12. The time comes for sb to do某人做某事的時(shí)候到了
13. apply for a job申請(qǐng)一份工作
14. be conceited驕傲自滿(mǎn)
15. make appointments with sb與某人約會(huì)
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1.Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself. 挑選一份合適的工作本身就是一個(gè)很難的事情。
〖明晰〗in itself從自身/of oneself自發(fā)地；自動(dòng)地/by oneself單獨(dú)地；獨(dú)自地；孤獨(dú)地 /for oneself為自己，代表自己/to oneself默默地；暗自。如：
Tom thought to himself that he could win.湯姆暗自想他能獲勝。
The material in itself feels rough.這種材料本身就給人以粗糙感。
2.…for that is part of everyone’s human nature . ……因?yàn)槟鞘敲總�(gè)人性的一部分。
〖明晰〗(1)part of“部分”， 可指一半以上， 也可指一半以下； 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系時(shí)多用part of;有時(shí)用parts of來(lái)代替part of；說(shuō)明“較大的部分”用the greater
(best, better)part of。如：
(SEFC B3 L31)For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather…在這次航行的大部分時(shí)間里，天氣都很好。
Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大樓的一部分被火燒毀了。
We‘ve done the difficult part of the job.我們把困難的那部分工作干了。
(2)a part of僅指一半以下的“一小部分”如：
We spent a part of our holiday on the Sun Island.一部分假期是在太陽(yáng)島度過(guò)的。
3. so do not rely on your parents’ friends for information . 因此，不要靠你父母的朋友提供信息。
〖明晰〗rely on/upon=depend on/upon依靠，信任；rely on/upon sb for sth 依靠某人得 到某物。如：
It has been proved that she can be relied on in langer . 這證明，在危急關(guān)頭，她可以信賴(lài)。
You may rely upon it that he will be here.你可以放心，他會(huì)到這里來(lái)的。
Don‘t rely on her for more help.不要依靠她的幫助。
4. …and it sounds as though you have plenty of both of these already .……聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像你在這兩方面早已具備了許多。
〖明晰〗it sounds as though=it sounds as if聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像。
plenty of“充足的，大量的”，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞常用于肯定名，疑問(wèn)句中常用enough,否定句中常用many 和much。如：
plenty of lain充足的雨水；plenty of books大量的書(shū)。
5. Congratulations on your good news ! 對(duì)你的好消息表示祝賀!
〖明晰〗congratulate,它們的常見(jiàn)搭配有：congratulate sb on/upon sth 為……祝賀某人；send sb one’s warmest congratulations on/upon sth. 向某人在……致以最熱烈的祝賀；convey one‘s congratulations to sb 代某人向某人祝賀；congratulations on/upon ……在……祝賀。
6. be concerned about; be concerned with; be concerned in
〖明晰〗(1)be concerned about“關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，操心”。如：
We are very much concerned about the project.我們都很關(guān)心那項(xiàng)工程。
We should be concerned about the education of the younger generation.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心對(duì)年青一代的教育。
(2)be concerned with與……有關(guān)；關(guān)于。如：
The story is concerned with a famous black singer.故事講的是一位有名的黑人歌手的事。
(3)be concerned in 參與；與……有關(guān)系。如：
He is said to have heen concerned in the bribery.據(jù)說(shuō)他與那件賄賂事件有關(guān)。
7.by the name of; in the name of
〖明晰〗(1)by the name of常作定語(yǔ)，譯作“名字叫……的”。如：
Anactor by the name of zhang Hua came to see you just now.剛才一個(gè)名叫張華的演員來(lái)看你。
(2)in the name of 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，譯作“以……的名義”。如：
They donated 3000000 yuan to the people in the flooded area in the name of the PLA.他們以解放軍的名義給水災(zāi)災(zāi)區(qū)人民捐獻(xiàn)了3百萬(wàn)元。
8.for sale; on sale
〖明晰〗(1)for sale“供出售”，含任何東西要出售進(jìn)用,for表目的。如：
That company has imported a lot of goods for sale at home. 那家公司進(jìn)口了許多貨物在國(guó)內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售。
(2)on sale“正在出售”，on表銷(xiāo)售的進(jìn)行性。在美國(guó)on sale指“減價(jià)拍賣(mài)”。如：
All kinds of apples are on sale now.各種蘋(píng)果都上市了。
9.in secret; in the secret
〖明晰〗(1)in secret=secretly秘密地。如：
That visit was made in secret.那次訪問(wèn)是秘密進(jìn)行的。
(2)in the secret知道內(nèi)情的。如：
I don’t know if she is in the secret.我不知道她是否知道內(nèi)情。
10.result from; result in
〖明晰〗(1)result from起因于,是……的結(jié)果（含表示事物產(chǎn)生的根源）＝be the result of ……。如：
His success results from hard work.他的成功是他努力工作的結(jié)果。
(2)result in造成……引起……（含由某事物造成的結(jié)果）＝have…as a result。如：
Lack of population control can result in poverty.不進(jìn)行人口控制會(huì)造成貧窮。
【妙文賞析】
Water ! Water !
Smith had to drive across the Sahara Desert . It was a journey across hundreds of miles of empty desert . After he had been driving for a few hours , there was a sandstorm . His car left the road and then broke down . Smith began walking due north across the hot sand under the scorching sun . He hoped he would soon reach the road again . Soon , his tongue was thick with thirst . He needed water , but everywhere he looked there was nothing except sand . Smith kept walking . Then , about an hour later , a man riding a camel came into sight . Smith waved to him . The man on the camel rode up to him and stopped . “ I don‘t want a necktie , ”Smith shouted at him furiously . “ I need water . ”But the man turned away quickly and rode off . Smith continued walking . Two hours later , he met another man riding a camel . This time he asked if he could buy some water , but the man refused , saying , “ No , but I’ll sell you a necktie . ”Angrily , Smith turned away from him and continued walking . Three hours later , by which time he was near death , Smith saw a large luxury hotel in the distance . It stood alone in the middle of the desert , surrounded by palm trees . Smith managed to reach the main entrance . He was about to enter the hotel when the doorman stopped him . “ Hey ! ”he said . “ This is a first-class hotel . You can‘t come in here without a neckite . ”
Words and Expressions ：The Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠，sandstorm 沙暴，break down 拋錨 ，tongue 舌頭，thick with thirst 干得發(fā)麻，neckite 領(lǐng)帶，furiously 憤怒的，luxury 奢侈，luxury hotel 高級(jí)豪華旅館，palm tree 棕櫚樹(shù)，doorman 門(mén)衛(wèi)，first-class 第一流的
【思維體操】
1. Where does Superman do his shopping ?
2.What person does every man take his hat off to ?
3. What gets bigger when you turn it upside down ?
4. What is easy to get in but hard to get out of ?
5. What’s the difference between a hungry man and a greedy man ?
6. Who makes a million a day ?
7. What animal can jump as high as a tree ?
8. Where does afternoon always come before morning ?
9. When the boy fell into the water , what’s the first thing he did ?
10. Which will burn longer , the candles on the birthday cake of a boy or the candles on the birthday cake of a girl ?
答案：1. At the supermarket . 2. A barber . 3. The number 6 . 4. Trouble . 5. One longs to eat and the other eats too long . 6. Someone who works in a mint (造幣廠) . 7. Every animal , because a tree can’t jump . 8. In the dictionary . 9. He got wet . 10. Neither . No candles burn longer . They all burn shorter .
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
高考與狀語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的，也可以修飾全句，用作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句等。
She wanted very much to go to college .
Hopefully , the cave will be protected and won’t be damaged by visitors .
According to the present law , we cannot visit it .
We travelled to France at our own expense .
We were proud to have found the cave carvings .
Look ! He stands quite still .
Inspired by their discovery , many people went climbing the hills in search of more cave carvings and paintings .
I know how to light camp fire because I‘ve done it .
狀語(yǔ)是常用的句子成分，復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意：
1 . 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
★ when , as 和 while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，三者可互換使用，如：
When / While / As we were laughing , the teacher came in .
★ 主、從句動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生時(shí)，只能用 when，而不能用 as 或 while , 如：
When we got to the cinema , the film had already begun .
★ 主、從句動(dòng)作都是終止性時(shí)，when 與 as 可互換作用，如：
He came just as / when I reached the gate .
★ 從句謂語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)持續(xù)性狀態(tài)時(shí)，通常用 while 引導(dǎo)，如：
Strike while the iron is hot . 打鐵要趁熱。
He is doing some washing while I am doing some sewing .
★ 當(dāng) when 和 before 引導(dǎo)的句子位于句尾時(shí)，多半不要譯成“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”、“在……之前”，而要譯為“就”、“才”、“突然”，如：
The war lasted four years before the north won in the end . 這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打了4年，北方才最終獲勝。
★ by the time , each time , every time , immediately , the moment , the day , soon after , shortly after 可當(dāng)連詞使用。
You look beautiful every time I see you .
You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes .
I recognized you the moment I saw you .
★ till 與 until 意思相同，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句是延續(xù)動(dòng)作，從句用肯定式；反之，用否定式：
I worked till / until he came back . 我一直工作到他回來(lái)。
I didn’t go to bed till / until he came back . 直到他回來(lái)我才去睡覺(jué)。
★ 在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。
★ hardly …… when 和 no sooner …… than 的意義同 as soon as一樣。當(dāng) hardly 及 no sooner 放在句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝，即把謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。如：
Hardly had he fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his pillow . (主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
2 . 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 where 或者 wherever 引導(dǎo)。后者感情色彩強(qiáng)，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。
Where there is a will , there is a way .
Wherever you work , you must try your best .
3 . 原因狀語(yǔ)從句
通常由 because , as , since , now that 引導(dǎo)。 because 引導(dǎo)的從句是全句的重心所在，在有上下文的情況下，可以不要主句而單獨(dú)存在。as 與 since 則不行。在回答以 why 提問(wèn)的句子時(shí)，只能用 because 而不能用語(yǔ)氣較弱的 since 或 as。because 通常放在主句之后，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，也見(jiàn)諸于句首。
as 通常放在句首，說(shuō)明原因；主句在后說(shuō)明結(jié)果。
since , now that 同義，表示一種顯然的或已知的理由、原因。如：
It was because he was will that he didn‘t go with us .
As there was no answer , I had to write again .
Since / Now that all have arrived , let’s have dinner .
4 . 目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 that , so that , in order that , for fear that , lest , in case 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
5 . 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
由 so … that 與 such… that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句都表示主句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)達(dá)到何種程度而引起的結(jié)果。so 是 adv. 修飾adj. 或 adv ; such 是 adj. 用來(lái)修飾 n. 或名詞詞組，如：
Mr Green is so busy that he can‘t leave his office .
He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles of English newspapers .
6 . 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
通常由 if , unless 如果不，除非，as long as = so long as 只要，in case 如果，萬(wàn)一，等連詞引導(dǎo)。注意條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代表將來(lái)時(shí)。
As long as you come on time , you won’t be blamed .
7 . 方式狀語(yǔ)從句
通常由連詞 as (正、如)，as if (as though) 等引導(dǎo)。后者引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
Do it carefully as you are told .
He talks as if he had been there several times .
8 . 比較狀語(yǔ)從句
通常由連詞 as…as , not so…as 等引導(dǎo)。
Can you write as well as my niece ?
9 . 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
通常由連詞 though , although , as , even if , even though , whoever , whatever , whichever , whenever , wherever , however , no matter who (what , which when , where , how) , whether 等引導(dǎo)。
★ as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多見(jiàn)于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，要使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，如：
Young as he is , he can read and write in several foreign languages . (表語(yǔ)提前)
Child as he was , he had to help support the family . (表語(yǔ)名詞提前并省去冠詞)
★ even if , even though 與 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意義不同，試比較：
He‘ll keep the secret even if / even though he knew it .
He’ll keep the secret though he knows it .
★ whether 多引導(dǎo)名詞從句，如引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用“，”與主句分開(kāi)，其前還可加 no matter。如：
You‘ll have to do it , whether you like it or not . (狀語(yǔ)從句)
I don’t know whether you like it or not . (賓語(yǔ)從句)
★“no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞”= “疑問(wèn)詞 + ever”，但 no matter 后邊不能再加“疑問(wèn)詞 + ever�！笨烧f(shuō)：
Whatever (= No matter what) you say , I won‘t agree with you . 但是不說(shuō) No matter whatever you say , I won’t agree with
10 . 不定式作狀語(yǔ)
★ 目的狀語(yǔ)
In order to succeed , he worked day and night .
★ 作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ) adj . 的狀語(yǔ)
He was happy to have been given such an opportunity .
They found the problem difficult to solve .
★ 在“adj . / adv . + enough + to do”與“ too + adj . / adv . + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作程度或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，如：
Is your brother old enough to join the army ?
It is too dark (for us) to see anything in it .
★通常 “too + adj . / adv. + to do”表示否定意義，即“太……(以致)不……”，但在以下句式中表達(dá)肯定：
a . “only too … to do”
b . “too + ready , anxious , easy , eager , willing … + to do”
c . “not + never too… to do”
d . “too…not to do”四種結(jié)構(gòu)中，并不表示否定。如：
He‘ll be only (just , but) too glad to help you . 他太愿意幫助你了。
★ 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示一種事先沒(méi)有料到的情況或結(jié)果。為了加強(qiáng)始料不及的語(yǔ)氣，可以在不定式前加上 only，如：
I went to see him only to find him out .
11 . 分詞作狀語(yǔ)
★ 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Taking off his overcoat , he came over to us and sat down . (分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞)
Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (句子主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞)
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行，可在分詞前加上 when 或 while。
When / While working on a new invention , Edison made more than 8 , 000 tests without success .
★ 原因狀語(yǔ)
Being a Party member , he is always ready to help others .
Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words , I‘ve made up my mind to work at English even harder .
★ 其它狀語(yǔ)
He stood there , (as if) remembering something . (伴隨情況或附加說(shuō)明)
She won’t come (unless ) invited . (條件)
The soup is boiling hot . (程度)
They used to go shopping on Sundays . (目的)
★ 獨(dú)立成分，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度、或看問(wèn)題的角度。如：
Considering when these paintings were done , they are in excellent condition . 考慮到做畫(huà)的年代，這些畫(huà)要算保存很完好了。
Generally speaking , boys are more interested in football than girls . 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩對(duì)足球更感興趣。
Judging from his appearance , he must be a very healthy boy . 從外觀上判斷，他是個(gè)非常健康的男孩。
★ 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，須在前邊加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：
Her tea finished , she went on with her work .
All the tickets having been sold out , we went away disappointed .
Weather permitting , we‘ll go to the Great Wall .
★ 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being 通常被省去。如：
Nobody (being) in the room , I didn’t go in .
The meeting over , we went abroad .
★ 表示伴隨情況的獨(dú)立主格有時(shí)可用 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)替代，如：
He sat there thinking , (his) head (being) on (his )hands (= with his head on his hands) .
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
狀語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)100 題
1 . - What was the party like ?
- Wonderful . It‘s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much .
A . after B . before C . when D . since
2 . Mother was worried because little Alice was ill , especially ____ Father was away in France .
A . as B . that C . during D . if
3 . Why do you want a new job ____ you got such a good one already ?
A . that B . where C . which D . when
4 . After the war , a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre .
A . that B . where C . which D . when
5 . You will be late ____ you leave immediately .
A . unless B . until C . if D . or
6 . ____ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together .
A . However late is he B . However he is late C . However is he late D . However late he is
7 . If we work with a strong will , we can overcome any difficulty , ____ great it is .
A . what B . how C . however D . whatever
8 . We won’t give up ____ we should fail ten times .
A . even if B . since C . whether D . until
9 . She doesn‘t speak ____ her friend , but her written work is excellent .
A . as well as B . so often as C . so much as D . as good as
10 . He’ll be happy he may be .
A. when B. if C. because D. wherever
11 . We‘ll build a power station water resources are plentiful .
A. where B. in which B. while D. which
12 . The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ____.
A . will arrive B . arrives C . is arriving D . is going to arrive
13 . The volleyball match will be put off if it ____ .
A . will rain B . rains C . rained D . is raining
14 . Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you ____ to me .
A . write B . will write C . are writing D . would write
15 . If city noises ____ from increasing , people ____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table in 20 years from now .
A . are not kept ; will have to B . are not kept ; have to
C . do not keep ; will have to D . do not keep ; have to
16 . I need one more stamp before my collection ____ .
A . has completed B . completes C . has been completed D . is completed
17 . As she ____ the newspaper , Granny ____ asleep .
A . read , was falling B . was reading , fell
C . was reading , was falling D . read , fell
18 . If it ____ for the snow , we ____ the mountain yesterday .
A . were not ; could have climbed B . were not ; could climb
C . had not been ; could have climbed D . had not been ; could climb
19 . - If he ____ , he ____ that food .
- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately .
A . was warned ; would not take B . had been warned ; would not have taken
C . would be warned ; had not taken D . would have been warned ; had not taken
20 . You didn’t let me drive . If we ____ in turn , you ____ so tired .
A . drove ; didn‘t get B . drove ; would get
C . were driving ; wouldn’t get D . had driven ; wouldn‘t have got
21 . It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey .
A . while B . that C . if D . for
22 . It is 50 years the People’s Republic of China was founded .
A. after B. before C. when D. since
23. Carol said the work would be done by October , personally I doubt very much .
A. it B. that C. when D. which
24 . Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted .
A . didn‘t I realize B . did I realize C . I didn’t realize D . I realized
25 . Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was .
A . did the villagers realize B . the villagers realized
C . the villagers did realize D . didn‘t the villagers realize
26 . - Why do you drink so much coffee ?
- Well , it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights , I see no harm in it .
A. although B. if C. unless D. while
27 . It was ____ it rained heavily that they didn‘t come .
A . as B . because C . for D . since
28 . Why not buy a cheaper one , you don’t have enough money ?
A. since B. because C. for D. though
29 . It is tem years ____ I left home .
A . when B . after C . since D . as
30 . He speaks English ____ he speaks his mother tongue .
A . so good as B . as good as C . so well as D . as well as
31 . Try he might , he couldn‘t get out of difficulty .
A. when B. where C. till D. as
32 . ____ I saw the computer , I showed great interest in it .
A . At first B . For the first time C . Until D . The first time
33 . I don’t think you‘ll be able to understand this formula (公式)____ you finish school .
A . as if B . only when C . even D . even when
34 . I often visited Tian An Men Square ____ I was staying in Beijing .
A . until B . during C . while D . throughout
35 . He always thinks I’ m wrong , I may say .
A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that
36 . ____ the rain has stopped , let‘s continue to work .
A . For B . Now that C . That D . Because
37 . ____ , I am sure that the boy is honest .
A . Whatever people say B . No matter people say
C . What people say D . It doesn’t matter people say
38 . I knew Mr Green ____ I knew Mrs Green .
A . long before B . before long C . long ago D . after long
39 . They waited ____ it was dark before leaving , ____ they didn‘t want anyone to see them leave .
A . since ; because B . until ; as C . unless ; for D . so ; because
40 . often you ring , no one will answer .
A. How B. However C. Whom D. Whenever
41 . I will never stop they might like it .
A. no matter how B. how C. what D. though
42 . Father was ____ busy in working ____ he often forgot rest or meals .
A . very , that B . so , that C . such , as D . enough , as
43 . We made a decision there would be rain , we should stay at home .
A. that B. if C. that if D. whether
44 . I usually watch TV in the evening I have to study for an examination .
A. because B. unless C. while D. the moment
45 . I had lived there for over thirty years ____ I wanted to return to my motherland again .
A . until B . after C . while D . when
46 . It was a long time ____ I went to sleep again .
A . when B . while C . before D . until
47 . He must be ill , he looks so pale .
A. since B. because C. as D. for
48 . I’ll take no steps ____ you arrive .
A . and B . since C . until D . while
49 . You will catch cold ____ put on more clothes .
A . if you B . if you will not C . unless you D . until you
50 . he woke slept , this subject is always in his mind .
A. If ; and B. Both C. Either D. Whether ; or
51 . We had hardly got to the station ____ it began no rain .
A . until B . since C . while D . when
52. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem they themselves couldn‘t .
A. once B. then C. while D. if
53. My name is Robert , most of my friends call me Bob for short .
A. then B. instead C. however D. but
54. Why do you want a new job you’ve got such a good one already ?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
55. difficulties are ahead , we are sure to make greater achievements .
A. Although ; yet B. Although ; still C. 不填 ; yet D. all of the above
56 . People don‘t know the value of health they lose it .
A. till B. before C. after D. Either A or B
57 . I didn’t help him , not I was unwilling .
A. because B. since C. as D. for
58 .I really wonder he has posted me many parcels we worked together .
A. how ; after B. why ; when C. when ; before D. why ; since
59 . the desert can be called a sea , the camels are the ships in the sea .
A. When ; so B. If ; then C. Because ; so D. If ; so
60 . One never expects his success to come he decides to take up hard work .
A. while B. when C. until D. since
61 . you talk to someone or write a message , you show your skills to others .
A. At times B. Every time C. By the time D. Some times
62 . Although he is considered a great writer____ .
A . his works are not widely read B . but his works are not widely read
C . however his works are not widely read D . still his works are not widely read
63 . he came to town , he would visit our school .
A. after B. when C. as D. while
64 . I hurried ____ I wouldn‘t be late for class .
A . since B . so that C . as if D . unless
65 . ____ he comes , we won’t be able to go .
A . Without B . Unless C . Except D . Even
66 . It wasn‘t ____ the city was liberated .
A . long until B . long before C . long after D . long when
67 . The conductor often tells the passengers not to get off the bus ____ it has stopped .
A . except B . unless C . until D . as
68 . Did you pay a visit ____ during the holidays ?
A . any place B . anywhere C . where D . wherever
69 . It was the second week ____ mother had been in hospital .
A . when B . that C . in which D . which
70 . It was ____ I went to college ____ I began to write letters in English .
A . since ; that B . that ; when C . when ; that D . where ; did
71 . I shall ring you up you should forget it clean .
A. because B. for C. in case D. in order not that
72 . ____ you can’t answer the question , I‘ll ask someone else .
A . Unless B . Since C . While D . Although
73 . As ____ as I know , there isn’t anything left to eat .
A . soon B . many C . far D . long
74 . They did not get married for a month ____ they quarreled with each other .
A . until B . unless C . before D . although
75 . The doctor in charge told the young man ____ he didn‘t allow him to operate on his wounded arm , he would lose it .
A . that B . if C . whether D . unless
76 . ____ , I’m sure he is honest .
A . Whatever people say B . What people say
C . No matter people say D . It doesn‘t matter people say
77 . You will succeed ____ you keep on working at it .
A . as far as B . as long as C . as good as D . as hard as
78 . The machine is so old ____ it can’t be used any more ____ some of its parts are changed .
A . as ; unless B . that ; unless C . that ; if D . whether ; or
79 . - My watch started up again .
- You should take it to repaired ____ it‘s working now .
A . since B . until C . however D . even though
80 . I’m going away ____ she will go is up to her to decide .
A . if or not B . whether or not