Warming up / Listening / Speaking
1.happen vi. 發(fā)生
happen to sb./ sth. 發(fā)生在某人(某物)身上…
e.g. If anything happens to him, let me know.
happen to do (be, be doing ) 偶爾(碰巧)在做…
e.g. He happened to be out then.
注意: happen 作 “發(fā)生”講時是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),其過去分詞不能用作形容詞. The accident was happened last night.(F)
The accident happened last night.
happen, take place, occur都表示 “發(fā)生”,都不能用于被動語態(tài).
1). happen 指事情的發(fā)生,往往帶有 “偶然”或 “未能預(yù)見”的意思.
2). take place 指事先布置或策劃好而后發(fā)生,沒有 “偶然”意味.有時有 “舉行”的意思.
e.g. Great changes have taken place in our school.
When will the football match take place?
3). occur 當(dāng)主體指具體或確實發(fā)生的事件時, occur可與happen換用.但在表示否定時最好用occur.
e.g. The accident happened (occurred) yesterday.
注: occur 表示 “想起,產(chǎn)生”時,不可與happen互換.
e.g. It occurred to me that I had forgot to bring money.
2. It really hurts.
hurt, injure, wound 這三個詞都表示 “使…受傷”. 作及物動詞, 在表達(dá) “受傷”時,一定要用被動語態(tài).
e.g.他受傷很嚴(yán)重.
He badly hurt (injured, wounded ). (F)
He was badly hurt (injured, wounded).
1). hurt “傷” 可以指精神上的或肉體上的 “傷害”, 含較強的 “疼痛” 意味, 通常與badly, slightly, seriously 等連用,表示受傷的程度.
e.g. He fell and hurt his arm. 他摔了一跤,摔壞了胳膊.
2). injure “傷” (=hurt). 指在意外事故或事件中, “負(fù)傷, 受傷害”.
e.g. He was injured in a fire. 他在一場火災(zāi)中受傷.
3). wound “傷”指用外界暴力引起身體 “創(chuàng)傷”, 尤指刀傷, 槍傷, 劍傷等.
e.g. The bullet wounded him in the left leg. 子彈打傷了他的左腳.
用法上的區(qū)別:
1). 身體內(nèi)部的受傷不能用 wound
e.g. His internal organs were injured/hurt .(不能用wound)
他的內(nèi)部器官受傷了.
2). injure, wound 的過去分詞可以作定語; hurt的過去分詞不能.
e.g.他受傷很嚴(yán)重.
I saw an injured (a wounded) man.
I saw a hurt man.(F)
3). hurt 可作不及物動詞, 表示 “疼”, “難受”. 其他兩個詞不能.
e.g. My left foot hurts. 我左腳疼.(可能是鞋夾腳的原因,不一定是傷)
3. It was a bit green.
a bit 一點點,有點 a bit of +不可數(shù)名詞
a bit of salt= a little salt
a bit hungry (angry) 有點餓(生氣)
e.g. I’m not a bit hungry. 我一點也不餓.
I’m not a little hungry. 我很餓了.
not a bit = not at all 一點也不
not a little= very 很,非常
4.Was the peach ripe or green?
桃子是成熟的還是生的？
句子中的green作“沒有成熟的”解，是ripe（成熟的）的反義詞。
e.g. Green fruit is not good to eat.
The cherries(櫻桃)are still too green to pick.
表示常用顏色的形容詞往往可以引申出與顏色有關(guān)聯(lián)
的其它意思：
red（暴力的，流血的 ） black（邪惡的，不吉利的）
yellow（膽怯，靠不住的） blue（沮喪） white（幸運的，吉利的）
e.g. a red battle血戰(zhàn)
I always knew you were yellow! 我早就知道你膽小怕事。
He looks blue. 他看上去情緒低落。
Things look black.
5. And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.
我勸你以后不要吃不成熟的水果。
1）advise作“勸”、“建議”解，常用于下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
（1）后面可以跟不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即advise sb. (not) to do sth. ，意為勸某人干/不干某事。
e.g. The doctor advised me to take more exercise.
醫(yī)生建議我多做運動。
He strongly advised me not to do so.
他堅決勸我不要那樣做。
（2）后面可以跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣should do, should可以省略，即advise sb that sb (should) do sth.
e.g. I advised him that he should attend the meeting.
我勸他參加這次會議。
The teacher advised us that we read more books about English literature.
老師建議我們多讀些英國文學(xué)方面的書。
Advise sth. 建議某事
~sb. (not )to do sth 勸告某人
~doing sth. 建議做某事
~sb+疑問詞+不定式 建議某人怎么樣
~(sb.) that +主+(should) do sth 建議某人應(yīng)該做某事
He advised an early start.
me to start early
starting early
(me) that I (should) start early
Could you advise me what to do next?
I ____ him to give up smoking, but I failed.(C)
A. preferred B. hoped
C. advised D. suggested
解析: prefer 與題意不合; hope to do sth/wish sb. to do sth. ; suggest (sb.) doing sth.
另注: advise sb. to do sth. “勸說某人做某事”但不一定勸說成功.
advise (v.) →advice (un.)
give (some) advice on sth/how to do…;
advice column;
advice line;
ask for (a piece of ) advice;
follow/take sb.’ s advice
2) in future (from now on) “今后”
in the future (in time yet to come)“將來”
e.g. You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要單獨外出。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 沒人知道將來會發(fā)生什么事情。
Reading
1.Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st-century person.
對21世紀(jì)的人來說，傳統(tǒng)的飲食往往含有太多的脂肪和卡路里。
1)diet和food都可以作“食物”解
diet:習(xí)慣的食物或特定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物，如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食。
food是一般的詞語，凡能吃喝的東西都可以稱為food.
e.g. The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。
They gave us plenty of food and drink. 他們給了我們大量食物和飲料。
Proper _diet___and exercise are both important for health.
適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈瓦\動對健康都是很重要的。
This _diet___only allows you to eat fresh fruit.
按照這份指定食譜你可以吃新鮮水果。
Milk is the natural _food___for young babies.
奶是嬰兒的天然食物。
We must have _food___to eat and clothes to wear.
2) too many +可數(shù)名詞
too much +不可數(shù)名詞
much too +形容詞/副詞
3）calorie= calory,指食物產(chǎn)生的熱量，也可以作熱量單位。
e.g. One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一片薄面包有九十卡路里的熱量。
While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. 你在學(xué)校上課或者走路回家的時候，你的體內(nèi)每小時要消耗100卡路里。
2. Stores offer all kinds of food and snacks and we have to make many choices.
商店里有各種各樣的食品和點心，我們得做出選擇。
1）food一般用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“各種食品”的意思，在英語中，有些不可數(shù)名詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“許多種類”。
What fruits are in season now? 現(xiàn)在哪些水果上市了？
有些不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示“大量的”意思。
e.g. the upper waters of Yangtze River 長江上游
on the sands在沙灘上
有的不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示與原詞不同的意思。
works of literature and art 文藝作品
Don’t put on airs with me.不要在我面前擺架子。
2）make a choice
He