Unit10 虛擬語氣
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中
（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式（be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
（2）表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
（3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞則用would / should/
could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
（4）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)
以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時(shí)，主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：
條件狀語從句 主 句
與過去事實(shí)相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 一般過去時(shí)(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形
與將來事實(shí)相反 一般過去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動(dòng)詞原形
有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。如：
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句
（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。
①“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如：
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。
作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。
在主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：
It is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用
（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時(shí)；指將來狀況則用過去將來時(shí)。如：
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
（2）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。
這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)或should + 動(dòng)詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。
①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬，用were broken。
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)
A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come
解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會(huì)議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。
3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.
-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時(shí)間的虛擬語氣，故選B。
三、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1. It's a pity I didn't attend the lecture,but how I wish I______.
A.did B.will C.would D.had
2. They______to get back earlier,but they missed the train.
A.had hoped B.have hoped C.hoped D.would hope
3. The teacher demanded that the exam______before eleven.
A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished
4. He is talking so much about America as if he______there.
A.has been B.was C.been D.had been
5. Mother suggested that I______my homework first before watching TV.
A.did B.do C.shall do D.have done
6. His suggestion was that we______there by plane.
A.go B.to go C.should be going D.be going
7. The commander ordered that the wounded______to hospital right away.
A.to be sent B.send C.be sent D.sould send
8. If she had worked harder,she______.
A.would succeed B.had succeeded
C.should succeed D.would have succeeded
9. Without electricity,human life______quite different today.
A.is B.would be C.will be D.would have been
10. -Did Mr.Green scold her for her mistakes?
-Yes,but he______that.
A.shouldn't have done that B.should do
C.shouldn't do D.should have done
11. -Do you have a theatre ticket for tonight?
-No,but I wish I______.
A.do B.will C.have D.did
12. He______the test,but he wasn't careful enough.
A.could have passed B.were able to pass
C.must have passed D.might be able to pass
13. Without your help,we______so much.
A.will not achieve B.didn't achieve
C.would not have achieved D.don't achieve
14. -Was the housemaster strict?
-Yes,He requested that we______television on week nights.
A.must not to watch B.not watch
C.not be watching D.have not watched
15. -Why didn't you go to the dance last night?
-If I______tired,I would have.
A.haven't B.hadn't C.haven't been D.hadn't been
16. If he______,he______that foo D.
A.had been warned;would not have taken
B.was warned;would not take
C.would be warned;had taken
D.would have been warned;had not taken
17. ______for your knowledge of the language,I should have been completely lost.
A.Hadn't it been B.If it were not
C.Had it not been D.Has it been not
18. If only you______the plan.
A.had carried out B.carry out C.carrying out D.carried out
19. ______your help,I would have passed the examination.
A.Without B.With C.But for D.If I had
20. I'd rather you______there yesterday.I'd rather you______there tomorrow.
A.didn't go;went B.hadn't gone;should go
C.didn't go;should go D.hadn't gone;went
21. The woman treats the boy as if he______her son.
A.were B.are C.is D.was
22. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if(though)it______.
A.breaks B.were broken C.has broken D.has been broken
23. Look at the clouds.It looks as if it______rain.
A.will B.would C.is going to D.were
24. I lost my way to your house,otherwise(or)I______you about it much earlier.
A.had told B.have told C.should tell D.would have told
25. The smile on his face suggested that he______.
A.had found B.should find C.had lost D.should have found
26. It is natural that he______change his min D.
A.will B.should C.can D.ought to
27. What do you think of the proposal that we______a play at the English evening?
A.will put on B.must put on C.should put on D.can put on
28. It is about time you______the pills.
A.will take B.must take C.taken D.should take
29. It's high time we______.
A.started B.starting C.to start D.would start
30. I'm sorry that he______in such poor health.
A.would be B.should be C.will be D.shall be
31. Here's some money in case you______it.
A.needed B.needing C.should need D.to need
32. But for the storm,we______long go.
A.should have arrived B.will arrive C.arrive D.arrived
33. The old lady dresses as if it______winter even in summer.
A.will be B.would be C.is D.were
34. I will take a taxi;so that I______there in time.
A.got B.could get C.would get D.will get
35. I'd rather you______anything about it for the time being.
A.do B.don't C.didn't do D.didn't
36. How nice it______if you______a bit longer.
A.would be;could stay B.will be;could stay
C.will be;can stay D.would be;can stay
37. He______you more help,but he has been so busy.
A.has given B.would give C.will give D.could have given
38. I could go myself but I would sooner you______.
A.go B.went C.had gone D.has gone
39. ______tomorrow,he would get home before Wednesday.
A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving
C.If he leaves D.Were he to leave
40. Should it rain,the crops______.
A.would be saved B.would have been saved
C.will be saved D.had been saved
參考答案
1-10 DACDB ACDBA 11-20 CBCAD BCADB
21-30 CADBC ABDCA 31-40 CADBC ADBDA