Unit3 代詞
一、考點聚焦
代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。
1、人稱代詞
（1）人稱代詞作主語用主格，作賓語、表語用賓格，但應(yīng)注意以下4中情況：
①作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用，常用賓格。
-Does any of you know where Tom lives?
-Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
②句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補足語時，與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)
They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。（me是賓格，故用her
替代）
③作表語人稱代詞一般用賓格，但在強調(diào)句型中，被強調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比較級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.
(2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：
①在并列主語中，“I”總是放在最后，排列順序為：二 三 一（人稱）。賓格me也一樣。
You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人稱，男女兩性并用，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
(3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法。
①we/you(口語)常用來泛指一般人。
②she可以代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
2.物主代詞
（1）名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。
（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。
（3）某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。
如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.
3.反身代詞
（1）反身代詞的語法功能：賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。
（2）反身代詞和某些動詞連有，構(gòu)成固定短語。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
（3）反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。
for oneself為自己或獨立地，of oneself自然地，自動地
by oneself獨自地，in oneself本身性質(zhì)，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極
This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個問題占了一章（獨有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地說我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.別人走后只留下他，他寫了起來。
I’m very angry with myself.生自己的氣。
4.相互代詞（each other, one another）
相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each other’s 、one another’s ,作定語。
一般來說，each other指兩者之間，one another指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。
5.指示代詞（this, that , these, those, such, same）
指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語、主語、賓語或表語等。
（1）指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別。
①this (these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday
afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③為了避免重復，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在電話用語中作自我介紹，that詢問對方；this和that可以當副詞用，意思相當于副詞so。
（2）such和same的用法。
①such指“這樣的”人或事，在句中作主語和定語。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同樣的”人或事，在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語，same的前面要用定冠詞the.
The same can be said of the other article.
另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。（主語）
Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.
他是否能做這事，對我來說都一樣。（表語）
6、疑問代詞（who,whom,which,what,whose）
疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語。
（1）who/what
①詢問姓名或關(guān)系。--Who is he? --He is my brother./He is
Henry.詢問職業(yè)或地位。--What is he？ --He is a lawyer/teacher.
②What/who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于說話人的視點，可單數(shù)也可復數(shù)。
What is /are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which與who、what
which表示在一定范圍內(nèi)，而who、what則無此限制。
I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?
7.連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞
連接代詞與疑問代詞的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它們用來引導主語從句，賓語從句和表語從句，即連接復合句中的主句和從句，并在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that.
關(guān)系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞，它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。這兩類代詞的用法詳見“名詞性從句”和“定語從句”部分。
8、不定代詞
不定代詞主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞，不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語）。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。
（1）some與any
一般用法：some、any可與單、復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑問、否定或條件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.(定語)
Some like sports,others like music.(主語)
Ask me if you have any questions.(定語)
Do you have any questions to ask?(定語)
I don’t know any of the students.（賓語）
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定語）
You may take any of them.（賓語）
②some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定語）
③在期待對方回答yes 時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀請）
Mum,could you give me some money?(請求)
④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。
I don’t know some of the students.（賓語）
some和any在句中還可作狀語，作副詞。some意為“大約”相當于“about”,而any則表示程度，意為“稍，絲毫”。如：
There are some 300 workers on strike.
Do you feel any better today?
(2)one,both,all
①one作定語、表語、主語或賓語，可以指人或物，表示“一個”的意思，其復數(shù)為ones,指人時，其所有格是one’s，反身代詞是oneself.
One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主語、定語)
This is not the one I want.(表語)
one、ones可以代替上文提到過的名詞，以免重復，one、ones前面分別可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等詞修飾。如：
These books are more interesting than those ones.
Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?
②both用作定語、賓語、主語和同位語，可以指人或指物，表示“兩者都”的意思。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語)
Both of the boys are here.(主語)
We both are students.(同位語)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而應(yīng)放在它們的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.
Both the /these boys are tall.
③all用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語，指“全部的”、“整個的”，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，除少數(shù)情況外，一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，與復數(shù)名詞連用時，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三個或三個以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的學校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在這兒。
They have all been to Xi’an.他們都去過西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。
None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。
（3）many和much
many和much都表示“許多”，但many修飾或代替復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中可作主語、賓語、定語。much有時用作狀語。
（4）few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示沒有多少，含否定意義；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有幾個，含肯定意義。另外，few、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞；little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。
（5）no和none
no=not any,表示“沒有”，用來修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常作定語，none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)形式。none還可以在句中作賓語。
注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
（6）each和every
each（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側(cè)重個體，在句中作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。every（每個），指三個或三個以上的人或物，側(cè)重整體，在句中只能作定語。
Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語，強調(diào)班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語，強調(diào)各個個體）
Each of them has been there.（主語）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（賓語）
We each got a ticket.（同位語）
（7）either和neither
either是“兩者中任何一個”的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語。如：
Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語)
Neither boy knows French.(定語)
注意：①either也作副詞，其意為“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（狀語）②either與or構(gòu)成連詞，意為“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副詞，意為“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞，意為“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（8）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“兩者中的另一個”；“the other + 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”
表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”�！皁thers及other + 復數(shù)名詞”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”。這些詞語在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。如：
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“（三個或三個以上的）另一個”，不能指兩者中的另一個，在句中可作賓語和定語。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(賓語)
Please give me another book.（定語）
注意：another修飾復數(shù)名詞時，意為“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意為“一個……一個……一個……一個”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意為“一些……一些……一些”。
二、精典名題導解
選擇填空
1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
解析：答案為B。分析題意可知，they顯然不合，which多引導從句，從此為并列句式，one表示泛指，而此處空格內(nèi)容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔細區(qū)別代詞的所指范圍，是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，另應(yīng)注意句式。
2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET 2000）
A.another B.other C.more D.each
解析：答案為A。本題考查不定代詞用于表示數(shù)量附加的用法�！癮nother + 數(shù)字 + 復數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示在原有數(shù)量上的附加。若選C，正確結(jié)構(gòu)是“數(shù)詞 + more + 復數(shù)名詞”。掌握another和more與數(shù)字搭配的位置是此題關(guān)鍵。another放在數(shù)字前，more放在數(shù)字后。NMET 1995中第25小題命題思路與此題一致。
3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET 1999)
A.some B.any C.that D.those
解析：答案為C。本題考查替代詞that的用法。that通常在句中替代同類的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意為“在炎熱的夏天幾乎沒有任何樂趣能與飲一杯冷飲的樂趣相比”。that指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)用those，表示特指，以避免重復，在比較句型中較為常用，代替可數(shù)名詞時可換用the one。
四、專項訓練
1.The teacher gave the books to all the students except_______who had already taken them.
A.ones B.some C.the ones D.the others
2.Our manager allowed_______to take a holiday next week.
A.you and I B.yourself and me C.I and you D.you and me
3.-I feel a bit thirsty.
-Why don’t you have_______water?
A.some B.a C.any D.little
4.I have two cats and I like_______.
A.all of them B.them both C.every one of them D.them each
5.My father said that he would take_______for dinner when he came next time.
A.all us out B.out all us C.all out us D.us all out
6.Peter didn’t attend the party_______.
A.the last week B.the week before now
C.this past week D.the week past
7.Some of my students study very hard._______just don’t care.
A.Anothers B.The other C.Others D.Some other
8.-Did you feed the baby?
-No,he can_______.
A.eat by himself B.feed for himself C.feed by himself D.eat for himself
9.My brother is a man of_______words.
A.little B.few C.less D.fewer
10.There is_______hope for the work to be finished in such short time.
A.much B.small C.few D.little
11.Some old buildings were put down,but_______new ones have been built.
A.much more B.no more C.many more D.any more
12.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_______.
A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.each one
13.-Which of the two French films do you like better?
-_______,because they are meaningless.
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
14.-The US is certainly an interesting country.
-Yes,you can find just about_______there.
A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything
15.After everyone took_______place,the meeting began.
A.his B.their C.there D.the
16.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_______.
A.as a large city B.like a large city
C.as that of a large city D.like in a large city
17.A few of_______are planning to drive to New York during spring break.
A.we boys B.boys we C.us boys D.boys
18.That man is a friend of my_______.
A.brother’s B.brother C.brothers D.brother’s own
19.Of all the problems,_______is so difficult as this one.
A.not one B.either C.neither D.none
20.I’m sorry I can’t give you_______advice.
A.a B.an C.any D.some
21.The old man feels lonely with_______to look after him.
A.someone B.no one C.anyone D.none
22.His leg was hurt._______is why he didn’t come.
A.It B.Which C.That D.There
23.-What does John do in China?
-I hear_______teaches English.
A.she B.him C.his D.he
24.There were only_______people who could get_______money for the work.
A.few;many B.little;many C.a few;much D.a little;much
25.The population of China is larger than_______.
A.India B.that of India C.India’s D.those of India
26._______of the pupils has passed the exams.
A.Every one B.Everyone C.Someone D.All
27._______dictionary will tell you the meaning of these words.
A.Some of B.All C.Any D.None
28.There are trees on_______side of the road.
A.every B.each C.both D.all
29._______of the people was given a piece of paper when entering the room.
A.Every B.All C.Some D.Each
30.I don’t think_______any good sending more workers to work there.
A.if B.that C.which D.what
31.The party continued through_______.
A.the whole of the night B.nearly whole of the night
C.almost all of the night D.most of the night
32.The book has lost its cover.I will put a new_______on it.
A.cover B.ones C.one D.piece
33.Does_______matter if he can’t come tomorrow?
A.this B.that C.he D.it
34.The group are waiting on_______plane to take off.
A.their B.his C.he D.himself
35.It was_______who told you the news.
A.him B.his C.he D.himself
36.I’d like to have a car of_______.
A.own B.my own C.my own one D.myself
37.I’m sorry I can’t express_______in English well.
A.me B.mine C.I D.myself
38.You can find a tower at_______ends of the bridge.
A.both B.all C.each D.either
39.She is doing her homework.I’ll do_______.
A.such B.so C.the same D.the same as
40.This word has_______meaning.
A.a quite another B.quite another
C.the quite another D.quite the another
41.Her composition is better than_______.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else
42.I found_______impossible for_______to work out the maths problem.
A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he
43.That only man had three sons,all of_______died during the last earthquake.
A.them B.which C.those D.whom
44.Mary learned Chinese for about two years,_______is,from 1993 to 1995.
A.this B.that C.it D.he
45.He kept the money without_______knowing where it was.
A.anyone B.anything C.everything D.someone
參考答案
1-10 CDABD CCABD 11-20 CADBA CCADC 21-30 BCDCB DDBAB 31-40 DCDAC BDDBC 41-45 CADBA