高中英語中名詞的用法
一、 名詞的分類：名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞
專有名詞-----個人，地方,機構(gòu)等專有名稱. China, Shanghai, Li lei,
普通名詞----又分為個體名詞: 某類人或東西中的個體.如 fighter, gun, country,
集體名詞:若干個體組成的集合體.如 family, team, police, class,
物質(zhì)名詞：無法分為個體的實物。如 cotton，tea, air,
抽象名詞: 動作, 狀態(tài), 品質(zhì), 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness.
個體名詞和集體名詞又叫做可數(shù)名詞.
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞又叫做不可數(shù)名詞.
二、 名詞的數(shù)。可數(shù)名詞都有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分。
A: 規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)則：
1.一般情況加 s ， books mouths houses girls
2.以 s sh ch x結(jié)尾的加 es classes boxes matches （stomachs）
3.輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的變 y為 ies cities countries parties factories.
4.以 o 結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù) +es heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros
以 o 結(jié)尾并且詞尾有兩個元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f， fe 結(jié)尾的多數(shù) +es leaves lives wives knives halves wolves
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
但是：也有一些 + s, roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs//handkerchieves
B: 名詞詞尾的讀音規(guī)則：
A． 在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清輔音后讀[s] cups， hats， cakes， roofs
B. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后讀[iz] glasses, faces, roses.
C.在其他情況下讀作[z] beds days cities knives.
D.以th結(jié)尾的詞原來讀[ ] 加詞尾后多數(shù)讀[ ]
如： mouth-mouths path-paths ;
但是也有不變化的，如： month-months, ninth-ninths, youth-youths.
C: 不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則：
1.man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-mice,
2.單復數(shù)相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works,
fish如表示不同種類的魚時復數(shù)是fishes;
There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.
3.以man, woman 修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時,兩個詞都變化.
man servant-men servants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor-women doctors.
4.復合名詞的復數(shù)形式:
son-in-law---sons-in-law , looker-on-lookers-on, 主體名詞變化
film-goer-film-goers, grown-up-grown-ups 沒有主體名詞,在詞尾加復數(shù)
5.字母,阿拉伯數(shù)字的復數(shù)形式一般加 “ ’s ”或 “ s”.
There are two l’s in the word “ all ”.
Your 7’s and 9’s look alike.
It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.
I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
6: 物質(zhì)名詞一般沒有復數(shù)，有時用復數(shù)形式表示不同種類，
wheats, fruits, vegetables,
有時表示比原文更廣的詞義，
wood-woods, water-waters, sand-sands, manner-manners,
7: 抽象名詞一般不可數(shù)；但是如果表示某一具體的情況，或各種各樣的也有可數(shù)名詞的用法。
He jumped with joy.------ My children are a great joy to me.
8.定冠詞加姓氏的復數(shù)表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs.
9: 集體名詞people, police, cattle 總是作復數(shù)，
( people 作民族，種族時有單復數(shù)兩種形式)
Many cattle are kept.
Several police were on duty.
The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.
The English are a funny people.
10:集體名詞class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等單復數(shù)都有，但意義不同。
The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English.
The population in China is larger.---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
11: hair， fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。
His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit
如果表示若干根頭發(fā)，表示種類的水果時，可以加復數(shù)詞尾。
He had a few white hairs. What fruits are on sale in this season ?
12:以s 結(jié)尾的學科名詞只作單數(shù)。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。（news）
13：glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用復數(shù)；但如果這些詞前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修飾時謂語動詞有pair 來決定。
Where are my glasses ？
My new pair of trousers is too long.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
14: 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，如果表示“一個”的概念，可用單位詞。
a piece of news/information/advice/bread/cake/paper/meat/coal…
a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap…
說明：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間并沒有截然的界限；可數(shù)名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴豢蓴?shù)名詞 ，同樣不可數(shù)名詞也可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，要看清整個上下文的具體內(nèi)容。
三. 名詞的所有格。
1． 有生命的名詞所有格的構(gòu)成：
A. 一般家詞尾’s. the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother.
B. 以 s 結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞只加 ’ workers’ rest homes.
the masses’ request
C.不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞加’s. children’s toys.
D:復合名詞只在最后一個詞的后面加 ’s. my sister-in-law’s brother.
E:表示共同所有的幾個名詞，只在最后一個詞的后面加’s.
This is Tom, James and Dick’s room.
F:表示各個所有關(guān)系的幾個名詞，在每個名詞后分別加’s.
Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face to the south.
G:名詞短語只在最后一個詞后加 ’s. a quarter of an hour’s talk.
2. 名詞所有格的用法：
1. 名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的名詞，表示所屬關(guān)系。
Lei Feng’s dairy. the Working People’s Palace of Culture.
2.也可用于表示時間的名詞。
today’s paper. an hour’s drive. Friday’s work.
3. 也可用于表示地理、國家、城市等名詞。
the country’s plan. the farm’s fruit. China’s population.
4.也可用于表示由人組成的集體名詞。
our party’s stand
5. 也可用于表示度量、價值的名詞。
two dollars’ worth of books. a pound’s weight.
(現(xiàn)代英語中，這種用法越來越多。)
3.凡不能用’s 屬格的情況可用 of 屬格表示所屬關(guān)系。
the City of New York. a map of China.
特別是下列情況要用of 屬格：
⑴當名詞有較長的定語時，
the name of the girl standing at the gate.
Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.
⑵所修飾的名詞前有數(shù)量詞時，
a play of Comrade Li’s. some friends of my brother’s .
⑶所修飾的名詞前有一個指示代詞時，
that performance of the teachers’ .
4.雙重所有格：
當of前面的名詞有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修飾時，用雙重所有格，雙重所有格只用于表示人的名詞并且都是特指的。
a poem of Lu Xun’s . a friend of his/hers .
Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ?
some friends of my brothers’ .
5.幾種特殊情況：
the key to the door. keys to the exercises.
notes to the text answers to the question
tickets for the film//movie
a check for $1500. anyone else’s book.
the monument to the people’s heroes.
the entrance to the station//cinema
在現(xiàn)代英語中of屬格大都可用 ’s 所有格代替。
* * * * * * * *
Choose the best answers:
1.It was a great _____for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A.trouble. B.effort. C.sorrow. D.plan.
2.Although bought several years ago,the car is still in good _________.
A.situation. B.condition. C.standard D.position.
3.When you play football,what _____do you play?
A. situation. B. part C.position. D.place.
4.She is in a poor _____of health.
A.position B.situation. C.state D.condition.
5.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _____.
A.value B.sense C. fun D.use.
6.Hundreds of people leave their village to seek their ________.
A. luck. B. chance C. future. D. fortune.
7.He spoke in such a ____as to cause them displeasure.
A.direction B.language. C.noise. D. manner.
8.The news that his sick fellow students was getting well and strong brought great ____________ to him.
A. comfort. B.courage. C.message D. friendship.
9.------How much did the coat cost ?
------Just five dollars. It's a real _______.
A.bargain B.suit. C.dress. D.goods.
10.-----Have you any _____ what this word means ?
-----Sorry, I don't know.
A.knowledge. B.opinion. C. expression. D. idea.
11.----Lin lin is very bright and studies very well.
----It's no _____he always gets the first place in any examination.
A.question. B.doubt. C. problem. D. wonder.
12.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _______.
A.fact. B.really. C.practice. D.deed.
13.These football players had no strict ______until they joined our club.
A.practice. B.education. C. exercise D.training.
14.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.
A. message. B. letter. C. sentence D.notice.
15.As a _____ of fact, his success is due to his father.
A.thing. B.matter. C.reason D. result.
16.The ____of pulling down the old houses is to make room for a new highway.
A.purpose. B. meaning C.fact. D. use.
17.His name was on the _____of my tongue,but I just couldn't remember it.
A.end B.edge. C.tip. D. side.
18.It's the ____in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring. A.use. B.custom. C.habit. D. saying.
19. My car is being repaired, so I had no ________.
A.problem. B.way. C.transport. D.use.
20.-----What's your ________? -----I'm from France.
A.nation. B.nationality. C.counrty D.state.
21.On hearing the sound, the bird flew away in every ________.
A.way. B. path. C. place D. direction.
22.She let herself get into a _____before the examination began.
A.condition. B.situation. C.state. D.form.
23.----Can you guess how the ______,cat's paw, came into use ?
---- No, I can't guess it right.
A.sense. B.message. C.term. D. passage.
24.At last, we got to the top of the mountain, out of ________.
A.order. B. reach C. sign. D.breath.
25.Pop music is popular with many people, but it is not to everyone's ______.
A.manners. B. taste. C.share. D. smell.
26.---Does he have much _____in teaching English ?
----No,I didn't think so.He has taught it for just two years.
A.difficulty. B.base. C.faith. D. experience.
27.----Who told you about Dad's illness?
----The doctor in ________.
A.connection. B.turn. C. public. D. charge.
28.In order to make his story interesting, he took Charlie's case as an ______.
A. advice B. lesson. C. example. D. information.
29.It took him a lot of _____to swim across the river.
A.strength. B.force. C. power. D.breath.
30.I'd like to try that coat on, but I don't know if it is my _______.
A.shape. B.size. C. model. D. pattern.
31.We have missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no _____ but to take a taix.
A.way. B.choice. C. possibility. D. selection.
32.The lift is out of _____, so we'll have to walk.
A.order.B.work. C.control. D.touch.
33.Unfortunately,he got hurt in the boating ______.
A.match. B. contest C. running. D. race.
34.You'll find this map of great _____in helping you to get round London.
A.price B. cost C. value D. usefulness.
35.Jane has a very good _______of foreign coins.
A.habit B.interest C.connection D.collection.
36.Give my _______ to your parents.
A.best wish B.regards C.loves D. hello
37.Food and ______are very important to us all.
A.clothes B.cloth C.clothing D.dress.
38.His firm supplied ________.
A.a kitchen equipment B.kitchen's equipment
C.kitchen equipments D.kitchen equipment
39.He is ____as manager but he doesn't become proud of his _____.
A.successful;success. B. success;success.
C.a success;success. D.success; successes.
40.He gained his ____by printing _____of famous writers.
A.wealth;work, B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works.
41.The storms did a lot of ______and caused some _______.
A.damage;death. B.damages;deaths. C.damage;deaths.D.damages;death.
42.The woman has ______that she is unable to get a job.
A.such a little education. B.so little education.
C.so few education. D.such little education.
43.If there were no examination,we should have _____at school.
A. the happiest time. B.a more happier time.
C.much happier time. D.a much happier time.
44.A lot of special _____have been used in this film.
A.technique B.techniques.C.technical D.technology.
45.The _____were covered with fallen ______.
A.roofs;leafs. B.roofs;leaves. C.rooves;leaves.D.rooves;leafs.
46.Would you mind giving him _______?
A.an advice B.an information C.a news D. a message
47.He has twenty ______on his farm.
A.cow. B.cattle. C.sheeps D. deers.
48._____ it is to have a cold drink on a hot day.
A.What a fun B.How fun C.What fun D.How a fun.
49.There are four ____at ______, waiting for his coming back.
A.John's;doctor's B.Johns;the doctors.
C.John's;doctor's. D. Johns; the doctor's
50.He dropped the ______and broke it.
A.cup of coffee. B.coffee's cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup.
51.We saw a lot of ____ in the field.
A.cow and sheep B.cows and sheeps.
C.cow and sheeps. D.cows and sheep
52.My _____all _____hard for the people.
A.family;work. B.family;works C.families;work D.families;works
53.After walking for two hours,we stopped to take ____rest.
A.a few minute's B.a few minutes'
C.ten minute's D. ten minutes
54.Is Mr Douglas a friend of ________?
A.your B.Jack C.your father's D. you
55.She broke a ______while she was washing up.
A.glass wine B.wine glass C.glass of wine D.wine's glass
56.He grabbed me ____and pulled me onto the bus.
A.on my arm B.on the arm C. by the arm D. by an arm
57.Dr. Jones ordered _____for the laboratory.
A.two equipments B.two pieces of equipments
C.two pieces of equipment D.two equipment pieces
58.Miss Smith is a friend of _________.
A. Mary's mother's B.Mary's mother.
C.Mother's of Mary. D. Mary mother's.
59._____rooms are both large and comfortable.
A.Jack's and Jane's B.Jack and Jane's
C.Jack's and Jane D.Jack and Jane.
60.Grandpa Li has two _______.
A.sons-in-laws B.sons-in-law C.son-in-law D.son-in-laws
61.Julie went to the ______ to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe's store C.shoe store D.shoe's stores.
62.The _____park will be closed next week.
A.children's B.childrens' C.children D. child
63.There are many _______ in this hospital.
A.woman doctors B.women doctors
C.women doctor D.doctor woman
64.The boys are _____, but the girls are __________.
A.Japaneses;German B. Japanese; German
C.Japaneses; Germen D. Japanese; Germen
65.Did you have this dress made at the ______around the corner ?
A.tailor's B.tailors C.tailors' D. tailor
66.One must always put ________ of the people before his own.
A.interesting B.interests C.the interests D. interest
67.Let me give you ________.
A.some advice. B.advices C. an advice D.the advice.
68."Have you traveled much ? " No, I have done _____traveling."
A. few B. little C. small D. less
69.Before we moved into the new house, we bought _______.
A.furnitures B.furniture C.pieces of furniture D.furniture pieces
70.Which do you prefer, _______ or ________?
A.potatos,tomatos B.potatos,tomatoes
C.potatoes,tyomatos D.potatoes.tomatoes
71.The _______of the cottage were covered with ___________.
A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves. C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves
72.This post card is sent by ___________.
A. a friend of my father. B.a friend of my father's
C.my father friend D.my father friend's
73.Is this the only ______ to achieve success ?
A.mean B.meanings C.meaning D.means.
74. I saw ____running about at the foot of the mountain.
A.a cattle. B.two cattles C.much cattle D.a head of cattle
75._______is standing at the corner of the street.
A. A police B.The police C. Police D. A policeman
76.I told about some of the terrible ______I had had in the war.
A.experience B.experiences C.experiencing D.experienced things.
77.What lovely ____ you have!
A. a hair B.hair C. hairs D. of hair
78.Look at ______that dog left on the chair.
A.hair B.hairs C.a hair D. the hairs
79.________was too much for the child to carry.
A.The steel's weight B. The weight of a steel.
C.The weight of the steel. D. Steel's weight.
80.Mr William has a ________son.
A.fourteen-years-old B.fourteen years
C.fourteen-years D.fourteeen-year-old
81.Darwin didn't mean to attack people's religious __________.
A.belief B.beliefs C.believes D. believe
82.The doctor asked Charlie to take a deep _________.
A.breathe B. breath C. breathing D. breathless
83. The tree is as tall as a _________ building.
A. ten-storey's B.ten-storeys C.ten-storey D.ten-storyed
84.I'd like to see your ________.
A. ten speed bicycles B.ten speeds bicycles
C.ten-speed-bicycle D. ten-speed bicycles
85.I hope Mr Brown will come in __________time.
A.two weeks B.two weeks' C. two-week' D.two weeks
86._______uncle is an engineer.
A.Tom's and Joan's B.Tom's and Joan
C.Tom and Joan's D. Tom and Joan.
87.When he got back, he was surprised to find _______broken.
A.the room window B. the room's window
C.the room of the window D.the window of the room.
88. This is ________reading-room.
A. the teacher's B.teacher's C. the teachers' D.teachers'
89.His work is better than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone's else D.anyone else's
90.Do call them __________.
A.apple's trees B.apples' trees C.apples trees D.apple trees
Keys to the nouns.
1----10. bbccb ddaad 11----20. dcdab acbcb
21----30. dccdb ddcab 31----40.badcd bcdcd
41----50. cbdbb dbcdd 51----60. dabcb ccaab
61----70.cabba cabcd 71----80. bbddd bbdcd
81----90. bccdb cdcdd
責任編輯：李芳芳