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      2. Unit 7 Book 2 Language Points

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-7 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

        重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法

        1.動(dòng)詞turn的用法小結(jié)

        1)vi.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)身,拐彎

        ①The wheel turned slowly.

        車(chē)輪慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)了。

        ②They turned and ran away.

        他們轉(zhuǎn)身就跑掉了。

        ③Turn right at the first crossing, and you'll see the post office.

        在第一個(gè)十字路口向右拐,你就看見(jiàn)郵局了。

        2)vt. 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),翻轉(zhuǎn)

        ①I(mǎi) turned my head, and saw Mrs Black.

        我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭來(lái),看見(jiàn)了布萊克太太。

        ②He turned his car to the left.

        他把汽車(chē)向左開(kāi)。

        ③The boy likes to turn pages and look at the pictures.

        這男孩喜歡翻書(shū)看圖畫(huà)。

        3)link v. 變得

        ①He turned pale when he heard the news.

        他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,臉都變白了。

        ②The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

        樹(shù)葉在秋天變黃。

        ③My poor mother! Her hair has turned grey .

        可憐的媽媽?zhuān)念^發(fā)已變成花白的了。

        ④Winter is coming. The weather turns cold.

        冬天來(lái)了,天氣變冷了。

        4)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ):

        (1)turn on/off 開(kāi)/關(guān)(電燈,收音機(jī))

        ①Please turn off the light.

        請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)掉。

        ②He turned on the radio and listened to the music.

        他把收音機(jī)打開(kāi)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。

        (2)turn into 變成,譯成

        ③In winter, the water turns into ice.

        在冬季,水變成冰。

        ④Please turn the text into Chinese.

        請(qǐng)把課文譯成漢語(yǔ)。

        (3)turn out 關(guān)掉,熄滅

        ⑤He turned out the light and went out of the room.

        他關(guān)掉燈就走出了房間。

        ⑥Please turn out the gas when you finish cooking.

        燒好飯菜后請(qǐng)把煤氣關(guān)掉。

        (4)turn to 翻到;轉(zhuǎn)向

        ⑦Please turn to page 25.

        請(qǐng)翻到第25頁(yè)。

        ⑧ Let's turn our attention to the study of English.

        咱們把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面來(lái)吧。

        (5)turn over 作“翻轉(zhuǎn)”(roll from one side to the other)解。例如:

        ⑨The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.

        醫(yī)生把他翻轉(zhuǎn)身來(lái)看看他的背部。

        ⑩The oil lamp was turned over and a fire started.

        那盞燈打翻了,于是引起了火災(zāi)。

        2.follow['f&l+u]vt. 遵循、按照……行事。例如:

        ①M(fèi)s Liu has followed some of my advice on the new text book.

        劉老師已經(jīng)接受了我的一些關(guān)于新教材的建議。

        ②Finally we made our decision to follow her suggestion.

        最后我們決定按照她的建議行事。

        3.look和sound 一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的用法

        look和sound是連系動(dòng)詞,作“看起來(lái)”解,后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的連系動(dòng)詞還有:taste, smell, feel等。例如:

        ①She sounds nice. She has a beautiful voice.

        她唱得很好聽(tīng),她有一副好嗓子。

        ②Your father looks angry. What's the matter?

        你父親看起來(lái)生氣了,是怎么回事?

        ③This tastes delicious. What's in it?

        這個(gè)味道很鮮美,里面放了什么?

        ④The fish tastes wonderful. I like it very much.

        這魚(yú)的味道好極了,我很喜歡吃。

        【注意】除了上面那些表示感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞后面要跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)外,還有一些表示變化的連系動(dòng)詞,如become, fall, get, turn, go 等后面也可以跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:

        ⑤He became sad when he heard the news.

        他聽(tīng)到這消息,就變得很憂(yōu)傷。

        ⑥She fell ill yesterday, but she is feeling much better now.

        她昨天病了,但現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)好多了。

        ⑦Hurry up! It's getting dark.

        快一點(diǎn)!天快黑了。

        ⑧Milk can easily go bad in summer.

        牛奶在夏天很易變壞。

        【注意】所有這類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞后面都跟形容詞作表語(yǔ),而不能跟副詞。例如:我們不能說(shuō):The fish tastes wonderfully. /He became sadly.

        4.reach 的用法

        reach作“延伸”(extend)解時(shí),是不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:

        ①The forest reaches as far as the river.

        這片樹(shù)林一直沿河延伸。

        ②The path reaches to the foot of the mountain.

        這條小路一直延伸到山腳下。

        【注意】當(dāng)reach作“抵達(dá)”(get to)或“伸手碰到”(stretch out the hand for sth.)等解時(shí),它是及物動(dòng)詞。例如:

        ③We reached Shanghai about half past twelve.

        我們大約十二點(diǎn)半到達(dá)上海。

        ④Your letter reached me yesterday.

        你的來(lái)信我昨天收到了。

        5.nearly和almost的區(qū)別

        1)almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之處,也有不同點(diǎn)。在單純表示“時(shí)間、程度、進(jìn)度”時(shí),almost = nearly。例如:

        ①The building is almost completed.

        ②The building is nearly completed.

        第一句比第二句更接近于完成。

        2)在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如:

        ①The river is nearly 100 metres wide.

        這條河有近百米寬。

        ②The old man is nearly 80 years old.

        那位老人年近八十歲。

        3)almost可與no, nothing, none, never 等連用,此時(shí)不能用nearly代替。例如:

        ①Almost no one believed him.

        幾乎無(wú)人相信他的話(huà)。

        ②There's almost none left.

        幾乎一個(gè)沒(méi)剩。

        ③What he said was almost nothing worth listening to.

        他所說(shuō)的話(huà)幾乎不值得聽(tīng)。

        6.population 的用法

        population 為集體名詞,不可數(shù),當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若表示全部人口,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若表示部分(如1/3等)人口,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

        ①The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

        地球上的人口增長(zhǎng)很快。

        ②Over eighty percent of the population in China are peasants.

        中國(guó)超過(guò)80%的人口為農(nóng)民。

        7.exploit 的用法

        exploit[iks'pl&it]vt. 利用(use),開(kāi)發(fā)(develop)。例如:

        ①You must exploit all the time to learn English.

        你必須利用一切時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

        ②We should try every means to exploit the oil underground.

        我們應(yīng)該使用一切辦法來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)地下石油。

        ③We must exploit our rich natural resources for the development of our agriculture.

        我們必須開(kāi)發(fā)我們豐富的自然資源來(lái)發(fā)展我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)。

        8.others 的用法

        others(=some persons or things unknown)意為“他人、他物(表示沒(méi)有明確指定的別的人或物)。the others(=the remaining persons or things of two or more)表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的所有其余的人或物。請(qǐng)比較:

        ①To some life means pleasure, to others suffering.

        對(duì)某些人而言生活是一種享樂(lè),但對(duì)另一些人而言生活卻是受苦。

        ②He has been somewhat behind with his studies and is now working hard to catch up with the others.

        他學(xué)習(xí)有點(diǎn)落后,現(xiàn)在正加緊干以趕上其他人。

        9.continue 的用法

        continue['k+n'tinju:](=go on with; keep on with) vt. 繼續(xù)?筛~、動(dòng)詞- ing形式和不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如:

        ①He continued his walk for several miles.

        他繼續(xù)走了幾英里。

        ②The story will be continued in tomorrow's paper.

        這個(gè)故事在明天的報(bào)紙上繼續(xù)刊登。

        ③After graduation I continued to devote myself to research.

        畢業(yè)后我繼續(xù)致力于我的研究。

        ④He continued working as if nothing had happened.

        他不停地工作就好象什么也沒(méi)有發(fā)生似的。

        10.journey, travel, trip和tour的區(qū)別

        journey 適用范圍很廣,可指陸上,海上或空中的旅行,常指距離較遠(yuǎn)的旅行;travel常指遠(yuǎn)距離的長(zhǎng)期的旅行;trip常指短距離的,直接到達(dá)目的地的旅行,但在口語(yǔ)中,trip可以與journey通用,tour“周游”,“旅游”,常帶有“最后回到出發(fā)地”的含義,主要目的是瀏覽或視察,距離可長(zhǎng)可短。例如:

        ①I(mǎi) wish you a pleasant journey home.

        祝你回家一路平安。

        ②One day in his travels in China, he arrived in Hangzhou.

        他在中國(guó)的旅行期間,有一天他到達(dá)杭州。

        ③She went on a trip/journey to London.

        他到倫敦旅行去了。

        ④They are on a wedding tour. 他們旅行結(jié)婚去了。

        11.a(chǎn)live的用法

        alive[+'laiv]通常用作表語(yǔ),意為“活著的,在世的”(living)。類(lèi)似的有afloat, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake等。(不作修飾名詞前定語(yǔ)用)

        ①That fish is still alive.

        那條魚(yú)仍然活著。

        ②She was still awake at 2 o'clock.

        兩點(diǎn)時(shí)她仍醒著。

        12.freeze 的用法

        1)freeze 表示“(水)結(jié)冰,凝固”。

        ①Water freezes at 0℃.

        水在0℃時(shí)結(jié)冰。

        ②The lake froze over.

        湖凍上了。

        2)freeze 表示“(某物)結(jié)滿(mǎn)冰或由于結(jié)冰而變硬了”。

        ①Our water pipes froze up last winter.

        去年冬天我們的水管全凍了。

        ②The clothes were frozen on the washing-line.

        衣服在晾衣繩上凍住了。

        3)freeze指“(天氣)冷得使水結(jié)冰,嚴(yán)寒”。

        ①I(mǎi)t is freezing outside.

        外面冷極了!

        ②It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered.

        今晚會(huì)有霜凍,一定要把花草蓋好。

        4)freeze指“(人或動(dòng)物)覺(jué)得很冷;(使)凍死。”

        ①Shut the window----I'm freezing.

        關(guān)上窗戶(hù),我冷極了。

        ②Two men were frozen to death on the mountain.

        山上有兩個(gè)人凍死了。

        5)freeze還可表示“冷食物”的意思。

        ①Strawberries don't taste nice if they've been frozen.

        草莓冷凍了,就不好吃了。

        ②I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it.

        我要多買(mǎi)些肉凍起來(lái)。

        6)freeze表示“(使人或動(dòng)物)突然停;(因恐懼、震驚等)呆住了”。

        ①Ann froze with terror as the door opened silently.

        門(mén)一聲不響地開(kāi)了,Ann嚇呆了。

        ②The sudden bang froze us in our tracks.

        突然呼的一響,我們都驚呆了。

        7)freeze還可表示“穩(wěn)定(工資,物價(jià)等)”。

        ①The government tried to freeze prices.

        政府努力穩(wěn)定物價(jià)。

        重要詞組短語(yǔ)

        1.be from/come from 意為“來(lái)自于……(地方);是某地人”。例如:

        ----Are you from the United States?

        你是美國(guó)人嗎?

        ----No, I came from England.

        不,我來(lái)自于英國(guó)。

        2.fill…with…意為“用……裝滿(mǎn)(注滿(mǎn),填滿(mǎn))……”。例如:

        ①He then filled a cup with some of the petrol, some of the castor oil and some of the vinegar.

        他然后將杯子加滿(mǎn)汽油,蓖麻油和醋。

        ②Please fill the bank with petrol.

        請(qǐng)給油箱加滿(mǎn)油。

        ③They have filled a hole with sand and mud.

        他們用泥沙把一個(gè)洞填滿(mǎn)了。

        【注意】full為形容詞,be full of…裝滿(mǎn)……。如:

        The glass is full of water.

        玻璃杯裝滿(mǎn)了水。

        3.be famous for/as 的用法

        1)be famous for 表示“以……(事物)著名”。例如:

        ①Heze is famous for its peony flowers.

        菏澤牡丹聞名于天下。

        ②Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.

        蘇格蘭有許多湖泊和山脈,并以其鄉(xiāng)村美景聞名于世。

        ③Egypt is famous for its pyramids.

        埃及以金字塔著名。

        2)be famous as 表示“以……(身份)著名”。例如:

        ①Wang Junxia is famous as a good runner, she won a gold medal and a silver medal in the 26th Olympic Games.

        王軍霞是一位很著名的長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員,她在第26屆奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上獲得一枚金牌和一塊銀牌。

        ②Liu Xiaoqing is quite famous as a film star.

        劉曉慶是很著名的電影明星。

        4.a(chǎn) great deal of 表示“許多”或“大量的”意思。例如:

        ①The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure.

        這項(xiàng)比賽給了大家許多樂(lè)趣。

        表示“許多”或“大量的”意思的詞組還有:

        a large number of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

        a lot of或lots of后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

        a great many =a good many意思是“很多”,用作定語(yǔ),后面接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

        a large quantity of后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

        a great deal of/a great amount of后只能接不可數(shù)名詞。例如:

        ②I read a lot of novels when I was at college.

        我在大學(xué)里,讀過(guò)許多小說(shuō)。

        ③What will you do if you win a lot of money?

        如果你贏了許多錢(qián),你將做些什么呢?

        ④A great amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.

        每年在煙草上花去大量的錢(qián)。

        plenty of 后面可跟復(fù)數(shù)形式的可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其含義是“需要多少有多少”或“比實(shí)際需要的還要多”,有些象漢語(yǔ)“還多著呢”。例如:

        ⑤Could you tell me if(whether) there's plenty of rain in your country?

        你能告訴我你們的國(guó)家雨量是否很充足嗎?

        5.clear up/tidy up(=set in order; make tidy) 意為“清理;整理”。例如:

        ①He cleared up his room before they arrived.

        在他們來(lái)之前,他先把房子整理一下。

        ②Clear/tidy up the desk before you leave the office, will you?

        離開(kāi)辦公室之前,把辦公桌整理一下好嗎?

        ③I have to tidy myself up a bit.

        我得梳理一下。

        6.make use of sth./ sb.

        1)make use of sth. / sb. 是“利用某人(某物)”的意思。

        ①M(fèi)ake full use of every chance you have to speak English.

        要充分利用一切機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。

        ②We will make good use of her talents.

        我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。

        2)make the best use of sth. 是“充分利用某事”的意思。

        She has certainly made the best use of her opportunities.

        她確實(shí)充分利用了一切機(jī)會(huì)。

        7.形容詞最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)。

        形容詞最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by on means 等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。

        ①The Yellow River is the second longest in China.

        黃河是中國(guó)第二大河。

        ②Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.

        這三個(gè)男孩中,尼克最最聰明。

        ③Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.

        這三個(gè)男孩中,尼克差不多是最聰明的。

        ④Of the three boys Nick is by no means the cleverest.

        這三個(gè)男孩中,尼克決不是最聰明的。

        常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

        1.句型“It is hoped that…”

        本句型中的it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的that-clause,相當(dāng)于“People hope that…”。又如:

        ①I(mǎi)t is hoped that the fire will be put down soon.

        人們希望大火會(huì)很快被撲滅。

        ②It is hoped that every student in our country will read such a good book.

        人們希望我們國(guó)家的每一位學(xué)生都會(huì)讀到這樣一本好書(shū)。

        【注意】類(lèi)似的句子還有:

        ③It is said that a new factory will be built in our village.

        據(jù)說(shuō)我們村里將建一座新工廠。

        ④It is reported that more than 150 people had been killed in the earthquake.

        據(jù)報(bào)道,那次地震中有150多人喪生。

        2.As in China, the weather is different from area to area. 同中國(guó)的情況一樣,加拿大的氣候也隨著地區(qū)的不同而不同。

        注意本句結(jié)構(gòu),本句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略的方式狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于“As it is in China, …”。as用作連詞,后面接從句,意思是“正如;和……一樣”。例:

        ①As is the last experiment,he got the same result this time.

        正如上次的實(shí)驗(yàn)一樣,他這次獲得了同樣的結(jié)果。

        ②As in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.

        正如你們國(guó)家的情況一樣,我們?cè)诒狈椒N小麥,南方種玉米。

        3.They made clothes and shoes from skins of seals. 他們用海豹皮做衣服和鞋子。

        make A from B,用B制成A;常用于被動(dòng)句(A is made from B),表示“A是由B制成的”。例:

        His father made a model ship from wood.

        =The model ship was made from wood.

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