重點(diǎn)部分看看吧！
重點(diǎn)單詞： n. role elevator flat apartment rubber petrol gas culture vocabulary usage identity government phrase candy lorry boss standard accent lightning direction subway block
v. recognise include command request retell rule adv. actually rapidly
adj. international native modern present polite midwestern southern
重點(diǎn)詞組：play a role in/of because of come up such as play a part in make use of the number of/a number of instead of believe it or not base on at present believe it or not
句型：1 either …or… 2 even if/ even though 3 more than/ more…than 4 come up
語(yǔ)法：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(II)請(qǐng)求和命令
詞句用法知道嗎？
Period I Warming up
1 Do you know that there is more than one kind of English?你知道不止有一種英語(yǔ)嗎？
句中more than與數(shù)詞連用，“超過(guò)，多于”，相當(dāng)于over
More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
【重點(diǎn)】more than one+ n. 意為“不止一個(gè)”，雖在語(yǔ)意上為復(fù)數(shù)，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
More than one person has a good grasp of English in the school.
【拓展】more than 可與名詞，形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)名詞或分詞連用，“不只是，非常；豈止”
Both of them are much more than (=not only) schoolmates. They are close friends.
They were more than( very) glad to help.
No/little more than 不超過(guò)，僅僅
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
He is no more than (only) a student.
【練習(xí)】1 21st Century paper is ____ a newspaper .It helps us to improve our English a lot.
A no less than B no more than C less than D more than
2 Lizzie was ___ to see her friend off at the airport.
A than sad more B more than sad C sad more than D a little more sad than
3 So far more than one girl ___, as we expect. A has come B had come C came D have come
2 In some important ways they are very different from one another.在某些方面,他們彼此差異很大。
句中be different from為常用詞組，意思為 “與……不同”
My opinions are different from yours.我的意見不同于你的。
【要點(diǎn)】(1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)different時(shí)，要用副詞very, much, quite, entirely, totally等
City life is very different from country life. 都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活迥然不同。
(2) be different from的反義詞組是 the same as My bag is the same as yours. 我的袋子和你的相同。
【練習(xí)】His grandparents are not used to the city life ____ they used to live in a different country life.
A of which B from which C in which D to which
【解析】B本題考查兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一是be different from的固定搭配，二是定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)。抓住了這兩點(diǎn)解答本題就容易了。只是本題中different用來(lái)修飾country life，使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜了。句意：他的祖父母不習(xí)慣于他們鄉(xiāng)村生活迥然果不同的都市生活。
3 With your partner,list the countries that use English as an official language.
與你的搭檔一起，列舉出把英語(yǔ)作為官方語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家。
My father is an officer in the army,while his father is an official in the government.
我爸爸是個(gè)軍官，而他的爸爸是個(gè)政府官員。
【注意】officer常指身著特定制服的官員，如軍官；official常指政府政府官員，行政官員。
【短語(yǔ)】official duties公職；an official visit 官方訪問(wèn); official rountine例行公事；official language官方語(yǔ)言
Period II Reading
1 At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
16世紀(jì)末，約有五百萬(wàn)至七百萬(wàn)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
at the end of 在末尾/終端 可表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，表時(shí)間時(shí)，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)
There is a bookshop at the end of the road.
At the end of the year, a war took place between the two countries.
The work on the building will be started at the end of next year.
in the end 最后，終于 We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but in the end we went to Austria.
by the end of 到……為止，截止到 常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)
By the end of last term we had learned 1200 words.
The building will have been built by the end of this year.
【練習(xí)】（1）We had learned 12 units ______ last week.
A at the end of B in the end of C by the end of D from the end of
（2）They all worked hard, and ___ they passed the test.
A by the end B in the end C at the end D since the end
2 Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conguer other parts of the world…在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)晚期，英國(guó)人航海去征服世界其他地區(qū)……
voyage n. 航行；航海
【短語(yǔ)】make a voyage 去航海；on the voyage out 在航海途中；on the voyage home在回航途中
【辨析】 voyage, journey, tour, travel和trip
voyage 多指航海
Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1492.哥倫布于1492年成功地航行至美洲。
journey指達(dá)到一目地的旅行，距離較遠(yuǎn)，多只陸地。
We’ll make a journey to Beijing by train.我們將乘火車到北京。
tour指周游，往往指繞行后回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
He made a tour of Shanghai last week.上周他游覽了上海。
travel泛指旅游，多用于長(zhǎng)途旅行。 We had eight days’ travel by car.我們乘車游歷了八天。
trip 指短途旅行。 He will take a weekend trip to the seaside.他周末將去海邊旅行。
3 … and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
……因?yàn)槟莻�(gè)原因，英語(yǔ)開始在許多別的國(guó)家使用起來(lái)了。
because of 介詞短語(yǔ),在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于thanks to(多虧,由于)，后接n.，pron.或賓語(yǔ)從句
because是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的根本原因。
We had made such great progress because of your help.由于你的幫助，我們?nèi)〉昧诉@么大的進(jìn)步。
I was worried because Mary was late.我很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)楝旣愡t到了。
【拓展】because of的同義詞短語(yǔ)
due to由于,作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) thanks to多虧，由于作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) owing to由于；作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)
as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果；作狀語(yǔ)
【練習(xí)】（1）______ the new policy, we are now having a happy life.
A Thanks to B Because C For D Thank for
【解析】B,C兩項(xiàng)引出從句；C項(xiàng)若當(dāng)介詞用，則意為”對(duì)于”; D項(xiàng)表示“因……而感謝”, 不符合題意。句意為：對(duì)于新的政策，我們現(xiàn)在生活得很幸福。
（2）He walked slowly ____ his bad leg. A because B because of C so D as if (B)
4 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)得人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。
句中even if(=even though)是連詞詞組，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管；即使”。
We have decided to visit the museum even if/even though it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我們也決定去參觀博物館。
【要點(diǎn)】若主句，從句都表示將來(lái)的情況，even if從句可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
【辨析】even if和 even though
even if從句的內(nèi)容不確定；而even though從句的內(nèi)容則是事實(shí)
He will not let out the secret even if he knows it.
即使他知道這個(gè)秘密，他也不會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)。（他是否知道秘密不確定。）
He will not let out the secret even though he knows it.
他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密，卻不肯說(shuō)出來(lái)。（他知道這個(gè)秘密。）
【練習(xí)】(1) We won’t give up ____ we should fail 10 times. A even if B since C whether D until
(2) She understood what I was talking about, ____ it was the first time we had spoken together.
A whether B even though C as though D since
【解析】(1) A考察了狀語(yǔ)從句中從屬連詞的用法。even if即使，符合語(yǔ)境，句意為“即使我們失敗十次也絕不放棄。”since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)從句；whether主要用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“直到……才……”.
(2) 考察從句的連詞用法。要選擇正確的連詞一定要把握連詞的含義和作用以及主從句的語(yǔ)意連貫。本題中主句意思是“她明白了我在說(shuō)什么”，從句的意思是“那是我們第一次說(shuō)話”，從所給選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞。
5 I’d like to come up to your apartment. 我想到你的公寓（flat）坐坐。
come up此處表示上來(lái)，另外還可以表示走近，馬上就來(lái)。
------Two cups of coffee, please. ------Coming up.
As soon as he saw me, he came up and shook hands with me.
come up的主要義項(xiàng)還有:
1 to happen發(fā)生 We’ll let you know if anything comes up.
2 to be mentioned or discussed 被提及，被討論 The question is certain to come up at the meeting.
【與come構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)】 come across（偶然）遇見 come out出現(xiàn)(=appear)；出版(=be published)
come about發(fā)生(=happen) come up with想到/找到（答案） come along進(jìn)展，好轉(zhuǎn)，跟隨,跟著 come to達(dá)到，談到
【練習(xí)】1 At the meeting , the old man ____some good idea and all the people there agreed with him.
A came about B came along C came up with D came out C
2 Please tell me how the accident _____ I am still in the dark.
A came by B came upon C came to D came about D
6 Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所變化，有所發(fā)展。
1) actually adv. 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 相當(dāng)于in fact。也可作“（雖然令人驚訝，但）真的，竟然”
He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起來(lái)雖然鎮(zhèn)定，但實(shí)際上卻非常緊張。
He not only invited me in but he actually offered me a drink.他不但請(qǐng)我進(jìn)去，而且竟然請(qǐng)我喝了杯酒。
2 ) communicate vt. 傳達(dá)，傳遞（意見，消息，感情等），交流，傳播
vi. 通信；取得聯(lián)系
n. communication 傳達(dá)，交流情況；通信
be in communication with sb.與某人交流
communicate sth.to sb.將某事通知某人 communicate with sb.與某人聯(lián)系
Do you often communicate with your friends?你經(jīng)常和你的朋友通信嗎？
【練習(xí)】 He is a man easy _________.
A to communicate B to be communicated C to be communicated with D to communicate with
【解析】句意：他是一個(gè)容易溝通的人。根據(jù)communicate with sb.(與某人交流/取得聯(lián)系)，可以排除A,B項(xiàng)。另外easy, difficult 等形容詞后用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。 答案：D
7 So why has English changed over time? 那么，英語(yǔ)為什么會(huì)隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生變化？
句中over可作prep.& adv.
Let’s talk about it over a cup of tea.我們一邊喝茶，一邊討論。
over可以有許多含義：
（1）表示時(shí)間時(shí)，“一邊……一邊或正在從事…….的時(shí)候” Can you stay over Christmas?
（2）（=more than）超過(guò) My grandma is over seventy.
（3）（=ended）結(jié)束，完結(jié) By the time we arrived, the meeting was over.
【練習(xí)】(1)They had a pleasant chat___ a cup of coffee.
A for B with C during D over
(2) Great changes have taken place in the village ____ the years.
A over B for C since D in
【解析】1)D題中介詞over意為“一邊……，一邊……。”句意：他們一邊喝咖啡,一邊愉快地聊天。
for表示目的; with 表示方式或伴隨；during表示“在……期間”，均不符合語(yǔ)境。
(2) A根據(jù)題意，若選B項(xiàng)，則只能說(shuō)for years；C項(xiàng)的since后面只能接時(shí)間點(diǎn)；若選D項(xiàng)，則時(shí)態(tài)要用過(guò)去時(shí)，意為“經(jīng)過(guò)多年”。
8 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，而我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就不那么像德語(yǔ)了。
句中base為動(dòng)詞，“建于…….之上，以……為根據(jù)”常用結(jié)構(gòu)base sth. on/upon，“以……為基礎(chǔ)
One should always base his opinion on facts. 一個(gè)人應(yīng)該始終以事實(shí)為依據(jù)來(lái)表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
【拓展】base還可用作名詞，意為“底，根基，基礎(chǔ)，基地，根基地
We camped at the base of the mountain. 我們?cè)谏侥_下安營(yíng)。
Our company’s base is in Beijing. 我們公司的總部在北京。
【練習(xí)】---What are you mailing, Ryan?
---A textbook ____ a new method of teaching physics. I want my friends to take a look at it.
A is based on B based on C basing upon D which based upon
【解析】有語(yǔ)境推出大雨時(shí)一個(gè)省略句，回答的是mail的賓語(yǔ)what,所以 a textbook 之后是限定修飾部分，故排除A項(xiàng)；而base是及物動(dòng)詞，跟textbook構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故排除D項(xiàng)；也不可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，C項(xiàng)也不對(duì)。 答案 B
present adj.， （前置定語(yǔ)）現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的；（后置定語(yǔ)）出席的；到場(chǎng)的
He doesn’t know how to deal with the present situation.他不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的局勢(shì)。
The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席會(huì)議的人都是先進(jìn)工作者。
n.，當(dāng)前；禮物，禮品
Who is the present owner of the house?
What can I get him for a birthday present?
【常見搭配】1) at the present time = at present 目前
We don’t have any more information at the present time.
2 )for the present 就目前來(lái)說(shuō)，暫時(shí)
His name escaped from my lips for the present.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。
3) up to the present 直到現(xiàn)在；至今
He hasn’t received any birthday presents up to the present.
4 )be present at the meeting出席會(huì)議
【練習(xí)】Tom said he would be back _____.
A at present B for the present C presently D for a moment
【解析】題中應(yīng)選狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)容來(lái)填空，雖然所給選項(xiàng)都可以作狀語(yǔ)，但只有C項(xiàng)與句意相符，“不久”
9 So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
make use of = take advantage of 利用 use前可以使用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~，如good, full,better等。
You must make good use of any opportunity to practice English.
【拓展】make good use of 好好利用 make full use of/make the best of/make the most of充分利用
come into use開始被利用 in use正在用；通用 put to use利用，使用
The Internet resources should be made full use of. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)資料應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用。
【練習(xí)】(1)Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. A the; / B the; the C /; the D / ; /
(2) The use you ____ time is really practical.
A make B take C make of D take of
【解析】(1)be in use 是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“在使用中”。十三世紀(jì)在序數(shù)詞前應(yīng)該加冠詞the表示順序。本題題意：當(dāng)馬可波羅于十三世紀(jì)訪問(wèn)中國(guó)時(shí)，中國(guó)正使用紙幣。答案：C
(2)此句為含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為the use,此題是對(duì)make use of (利用)的考查，其中of不能省略，故排除A，B，D三項(xiàng)。 答案：C
10 India has a very large number of fluent English speakers .印度擁有眾多的講英語(yǔ)的人。
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。
a number of 只能作定語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為許多，若干。number前可用large, small等修飾詞。當(dāng)它修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
A large number of people have asked for the job.
A small number of children are educated at home.
The number of 的意思是……的數(shù)量，號(hào)碼。當(dāng)它與后面的名詞連用時(shí)，中心詞是the number。如果作主語(yǔ)，即使后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。
The number of people killed in road accidents fall last month.
【練習(xí)】The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ___ not present for different reasons. A were, was B was, was C was, were D were; were C
11 English is also spoken in Singapore and Malasysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.
新加坡和馬來(lái)西亞也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，并且非洲國(guó)家比如南非也講英語(yǔ)。
【辨析】such as 和 for example
(1)such as 和 for example都可做例如講，但such as用來(lái)列舉事物，放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，其后接名詞，沒有逗號(hào),一般不與and so on連用；for example用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，有時(shí)可單獨(dú)作為獨(dú)立句插在句子中，后面一般有逗號(hào)。
Students learn many subjects at school, such as English, physics, chemistry.
A lot of people here, for example, Mr. Johnson, would rather have coffee.
(2)such as不與前面所述的數(shù)量全部列出，如果全部列出要用that is/namely.
He knows five languages, namely/that is Chinese, Russian, English, French and Spanish.
Period III Learning about language
1 If you say “flat” instead of “apartment”, people in America will know you have learned British English.如果你說(shuō)“公寓”為“flat”,而不是“apartment”,美國(guó)人就會(huì)認(rèn)為你說(shuō)的是英式英語(yǔ)。
instead of “取代，而不”。相當(dāng)于介詞，常用在名詞，副詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞前。同義詞為in place of。
Instead adv.， “代替，頂替，反而，卻”
Instead of eating expensive foods, we can simply try yo eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.=We won’t have tea in the house. Instead, we’ll have tea in the garden.我們將在花園里而不是室內(nèi)喝茶。
He will go to the meeting instead of me.= I’ll not go to the meeting.He will go to there instead.
【練習(xí)】用instead或instead of填空
(1) If you are busy, you may come another day____________.
(2) If you are busy, you may come another day___________ today.
(3) I didn’t go out to play, _____, I did some washing at home.
(4) ____________ going out to play, I did some washing at home.
答案：1 instead 2 instead of 3 instead 4 instead of
2 Let’s see how to retell them in indirect speech.讓我們看看如何使用間接引語(yǔ)復(fù)述它們。
Retell vt. 復(fù)述；重述 。 前綴re-表示“再；又；重新”
The teacher told us to retell the text.老師叫我們復(fù)述課文。
3 In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.
（1）command可以作動(dòng)詞和名詞，主要用法有命令，指令，控制，管轄，指揮。
You must obey the captain’s commands.
Who is in command here?
command作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常見搭配有1 command+名詞 He commanded silence.
2 command sb. to do sth. He commanded his men to take a rest.
3 command +that從句 The manager commanded that the work on the building stop.
= The manager commanded that work on the building should stop.
command后接從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。Period IV Grammar
（2）request作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常見搭配有
1 request sb. to do sth. 2 request that sb./sth. (should) do
The boss requested you not to smoke in the restaurant.= You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
She requested that no one leave the building until the next meeting.
= She requested that no one should leave the building until the next meeting.
request作名詞時(shí)，常見搭配有 （make） a request (to sb.) for sth./that (向某人)請(qǐng)求（某物）
They made a request to us for more help.
【練習(xí)】 (1)The officer _________ that all his soldiers put down their guns and knives.
A said B thought C commanded D wrote
(2) They have _____ requests for more information about the accident, but none has arrived.
A made B given C said D told
(3) We are ________ not to make noise when the baby is sleeping.
A request B commanded C kept D telling
4 polite 有禮貌的，客氣的，其比較級(jí)為politer, politest 或 more polite, most polite
【習(xí)慣搭配】be polite to sb.對(duì)某人有禮貌
It is polite of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是有禮貌的
It was very polite of him to give his seat on the bus to the old woman.
他在公共汽車上給那位老婦人讓座是有禮貌的。
It is not considered polite to talk with your mouth full.嘴里塞滿了食物講話被認(rèn)為是不禮貌的。
【練習(xí)】 It was very polite ____ him to give his seat on the bus to the old woman.
A for B of C to D at
Period IV Grammar
祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)
1當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求，轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)使用ask sb.(not) to do sth.
The teacher said,” Tom, close the window.” The teacher told Tom to close the window.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise.” He asked me not to make so much noise.
“Could you help me with my homework?”she said. She asked me to help her with homework.一 2當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)表示命令，轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)使用tell sb. (not)to do sth.
“Make sure the door is shut,” the landlady said to the man.
The landlady told the man to make sure the door was shut.
“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me. He told me not to smoke in the room.
Period V using language
1 What is standard English？什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)？
standard adj. “標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，第一流的” a standard composer一流的作曲家
n. “標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)格，旗幟” standard of living生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn) up to standard達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
by…standard按…的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
The mountains are not high by world standard.按照世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些山是不高的。
His work is not up to standard. 他的作品沒有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
2 Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,世界上沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)。
believe it or not信不信由你 經(jīng)常用作插入語(yǔ)
Believe it or not,they found gold in the mountain.
He’s upstairs doing his homework, believe it or not.
(no) such ...as... 沒有像…….的
1)such的修飾語(yǔ)一定要放在such前面.如：no, some, an, many, another, a few, little, several等時(shí)…such things若為其他詞，則放在其后面。
I have heard no such thing as he told me. There is no such person as you mention(提到)。
There are many such students in our school. Do you have any such books
2) 如果修飾名詞的形容詞是many,much,few,little(少)時(shí)，不能用such而用so,so置于這些詞的后面。
There are so many good books in the bookstore that I want to buy some.
He received so little education that he couldn’t teach his child.
【注意】such…as(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)與such…that(引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)的區(qū)別
He is such a clever boy that we all like him.
He is such a clever boy as we all like.
【練習(xí)】(1) I have heard no such thing ____ you talked about. A as B that C what D those.
(2)It is such an interesting book ____ I decided to but it. A as B that C which D so
3 This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.這是因?yàn)樵跓o(wú)線電廣播的早期，人們期望播音員說(shuō)優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)。
expect 期望，盼望；指望；預(yù)料，預(yù)計(jì)，等待
1) expect+n I’m expecting a letter from my mother.
2) expect to do sth. You can’t expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
3) expect sb. to do sth. Do you really expect me to believe you?
4) expect that clause Many people were expecting(that) the peace talks would fail.
---Will you be late? ---I expect so/not.
---Are you going out tonight? --- I don’t expect so
【注意】hope, wish, expect的用法區(qū)別
hope to do sth.; hope that
wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish that sb./sth ( could/would) 表示難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
【練習(xí)】1) -----When will the manager take his holiday? ---- He ______ leave on June 5.
A is expected to B expects to C isn’t expected to D doesn’t expect
2) -----Will you be able to finish the job this week? -----__________.
A I can’t say so B I don’t expect so C I’m not sure so D I don’t know so
4 However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.然而，在電視和收音機(jī)上，你也會(huì)聽到人們說(shuō)不同的英語(yǔ)。
1）however adv. 可是，然而 可置于句首，句中或句末，用逗號(hào)與其他部分隔開。
It was raining hard, however, I think we should go out.雨下得很大，不過(guò)我想我們還是應(yīng)該出去。
He said it was so; he was mistaken, however.他說(shuō)就是這樣，可是他錯(cuò)了。
【拓展】無(wú)論如何…也,不管怎樣……也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于no matter how后接adj.或adv.。
We’ll have to finish it, however/no matter how long it takes.不管要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，我們必須把它做完。
【練習(xí)】1) You should try to get a good night’s sleep,______ much work you have to do.
A however B no matter C although D whatever
2) You have not told us your opinion. You can _____, make it clear now.
A but B and C however D or
【解析】1）however相當(dāng)于no matter how,意為無(wú)論怎樣，后接形容詞和副詞，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，符合本題語(yǔ)境；whatever也有此意，但接名詞；no matter不能單獨(dú)使用；although 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為雖然，不符合語(yǔ)境。句意：無(wú)論你有多少工作必須要做，你都應(yīng)該試著去睡個(gè)好覺。故選A。2) C
2)will的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will在此處表示習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性的情況，“習(xí)慣于，總是”
He will ask silly questions.他總是問(wèn)些愚蠢的問(wèn)題。
My car will sometimes break down. 我的車偶爾會(huì)出故障。
【練習(xí)】1) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ____ advertisements showing happy families. A will often see B often see C are often seeing D have often seen
【解析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后接動(dòng)詞原形表示經(jīng)常性的情況。句意：打開電視機(jī)或翻開雜志，你常常會(huì)看到展示幸福家庭的廣告。 答案： A
3) way后的定語(yǔ)表達(dá)法： way作“方式，手段，做法”后可接動(dòng)詞不定式，或of+動(dòng)名詞；接定語(yǔ)從句是可以用that或in which 也可省略。
He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.
=He has a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
We liked the way that/ in which/x he solved the problem.
【練習(xí)】(1)The way ______ he spoke English is more like that of an American.
A which B how C in which D in that
(2) Can you come up with a way ____ will help solve this problem?
A in which B that C x D by which
5 American English has many dialects ,especially the midern, southern,African Americanand Spanish dialects.美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有許多方言，尤其是中西部，南部，美國(guó)黑然和西班牙的方言。
especially指有以突出到顯眼或特殊的程度，表達(dá)某事不尋常，過(guò)分或特別重要。
specially指為特殊目的而專門采用的某一方式。
Our garden is beautiful, especially in autumn.我們家的花園非常美麗，尤其是在秋天。
I came here specially to ask you for advice.我是專程來(lái)這里向你請(qǐng)教的。
【練習(xí)】It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,____ if you don’t speak the language.
A extremely B naturally C basically D especially
6 Geography also plays a part in making dialects..
play a role/part in…在……中起作用
We’ll never ignore the important part that women play in our daily life.
我們永遠(yuǎn)不能忽視婦女在我們的日常生活中所起的作用。
【思維拓展】play a part/role of…… 扮演……的角色 take an active part in積極參加
She played a role of an old woman in the film.在這部電影里，她扮演了一個(gè)老太太。
My brother takes an active part in all kinds of school activities.我弟弟積極參加學(xué)校的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
【練習(xí)】1）______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A How interesting B How an interesting C What interesting D what an interesting
【解析】play a role 扮演一個(gè)角色，role是名詞，因此用what感嘆。
7 So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.來(lái)自美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人與來(lái)自美國(guó)西北部的人幾乎說(shuō)同樣的方言。
same前總是用the same可以做代詞，構(gòu)成the same (as)。Same也可以做形容詞，后接名詞，構(gòu)成the same+名詞+as。這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都表示和……一樣。其中的the不可省略,as不能換成like或with。
I think the same as you do about this. Just do the same as me(=as I do).
She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was.
【練習(xí)】1)There at the door stood a girl about the same height ____.
A as me B as mine C with mine D with me
2) My hometown has greatly changed. It no longer looks the same ____ it used to be.
A as B like C that D which
8 Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognise each other’s dialects.
雖然很多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常流動(dòng)，他們?nèi)匀宦牭亩舜说姆窖浴?/p>
1)although/though用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。雖然……但是…., 但英語(yǔ)Although中用了although/though,就不再用but。，但在主句中可以用yet或still.
Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard.
= Although he is in poor health, yet he works hard.
2) recognise 認(rèn)出，承認(rèn)，分辨出 指原來(lái)很熟悉，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后有重新認(rèn)出來(lái)，是終止性動(dòng)詞。 而know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指相互間十分熟悉，十分了解。
Although they hadn’t met for 20 years, they recognised each other at first sight.
雖然他們已經(jīng)有20年沒有見面了，但是他們一眼就認(rèn)出了對(duì)方。
I have known him for 10 years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已有10年了。
【常見的搭配】1 be recognised as … 被公認(rèn)為、承認(rèn)是……
2 recognise sb./sth. as/ to be……. 認(rèn)為某物是……
He is considered to be their natural leader. The book is now recognised as the bestseller.
【練習(xí)】1）______ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better
A I was given B Given C To be given D though
2) ---Oh, it’s you, Steve! I _____ you. --- No, surprising. I’ve just had my hair cut.
A don’t recognise B haven’t recognised C didn’t recognise D hadn’t recognised
9 So she asks directions and then tells her friends.于是她問(wèn)路，然后再告訴她的朋友。
1）direction “方向” 常和介詞in連用,不能和to連用。in all directions/in every direction朝四面八方
2 ) directions “說(shuō)明，指示，吩咐”
3) direction “指導(dǎo)，指揮，管理” 可數(shù)名詞，常與under連用
【注意】direction “方向” 前面有形容詞時(shí)用不定冠詞，無(wú)形容詞時(shí)須用定冠詞the。
She turned and looked in the other direction.她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)向另外的方向看去。
Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.請(qǐng)遵照此藥的使用說(shuō)明服藥。
The operation was performed under his direction/ under the direction of him.這手術(shù)在他的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行。
重點(diǎn)句子背背吧!!!
1 At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
2 Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
3 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
4 So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
5 Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
6 This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on IV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
7 Although many Americans moves a lot, they still recognise and understand each other’s dialects.
單元重點(diǎn)練練吧！
一 單詞拼寫
1 English is the o_________ language in England, America, Canada, Australia and so on.
2 The government of the island treated the n___________ badly.
3 He looks older , but a_______ he is in his 30’s.
4 It was unfair to discuss his case if he wasn’t p___________.
5 Our ___________(政府) is coming to care more about the poor and weak.
6 More and more American people have moved from old rooms into new__________(公寓).
7 If you want to read quickly and well, you should increase your ____________(詞匯量).
8 She’s studying modern Chinese language and ____________(文化).
9 The office _________(命令) his soldiers to fire.
10 T he English are very p_________ to others, they often say “thank you” and “sorry”.
二完成句子
1 Mr.wang is _____________(不僅僅)our teacher. He is also our friends.
2 ____________(因?yàn)? bad weather, I had to stay at home.
3 One’s opinion should be ___________(以……為基礎(chǔ)) the fact.
4 I asked my boss for a month’s holiday and,________________(信不信由你),she agreed.
5 She drove off _______________(向著…….的方向)of London.
6 I often go to work by bike ____________ (代替，而不是)on foot.
7 I won’t give up_________(即使) I would fail 10 times.
8 It’s very cool here. Why don’t you ____________?(過(guò)來(lái))
9 ______(許多) books are missing from the library；_________(的數(shù)目) the missing books is quite large.
10 __________(在……的盡頭) the end you’ll find the supermarket easily.
11 We should ___________(利用) every minute to study.
12 Can you buy me ________ book ____(與……一樣) you gave Tom yesterday?
13 The twins sisters are ________ _________(不同于) each other in character.
14 _______ ________（目前）he is working in Germany.
15 The little girl can __________ ________(與…..交流) the foreigners in English.
三單項(xiàng)選擇 1 We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got ____60.
A more than B more of C as much as D so many as
2 A computer costs nearly 5,000 yuan , but I have saved ___ 800 yuan.
A not more than B no less than C no more than D more than
3 Jack is making up his mind to get a ticket for the concert ____ it means standing all night.
A when B even if C since D so long as
4 Remember to turn right ____ the street. A at the end of B in the end of C by the end of
5 He ___ and asked me if I knew the time. A came up with B came around C came up D came across
6 The film ___ on the book by Jack London is well worth ______.
A basing, seeing B based; being seen C to be based; to see D based; seeing
7 All the people _____ at the party were his supporters. A present B thankful C interested
8 We should consider what use can ______ such a material.
A be made of B be made from C be made up D be made in
9 --I hear __ number of workers of that factory ___ out of work. -- Yes, and ___ number __ quite large.
A . a; are; the; is; B the; is; a ; are; C the; is; a; is D a; is; the; are;
10 Don’t respond to any e-mails ______ personal information, no matter how official they look.
A . searching B asking C requesting D questioning
11 He was ____ to attend the meeting. A demanded B requested C hoped D agreed
12 It is impossible ___ finish the work in half an hour. A of me to B of me C for me D for me to
13 Can you believe that in ____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people?
A such; such B such;so C so; so D so; such
14 It is nice to hear from her.______, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A What’s more B That’s to say C In other words D Believe it or not
15 There is ___ in the world. A no such persons B no such person C no such people D no so person
16 It is ___ that a storm will strike our city tonight. A hoped B wished C expected D expecting
17 I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good ____ of direction.
A idea B feeling C experience D sense
18 The fisherman made it a ___ to cast his net four times a day. A rule B ruler C law D record
19 The way ___ you thought of ___ the problem is good.
A that; solving B /; to solve C in which; solving D which; how to solve
20 I’m sorry you don’t like the shirt,_____ because he bought it______ for you.
A specially;specially B especially;specially C particularly;especially Dspecially;especially
四 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1 A : The sports meeting had to be put off because it rained.
B: The sports meeting had to be put off ________ _____ the rain.
2 A:He didn’t go to school. He went to the next net bar instead.
B: He went to the bar _______ ______ going to the school．
3 A: This book is expensive. That book cost even more.
B: That book is _______ expensive ______ this one.
4 A:That mountain is over 1500 meters high. B: That mountain is_____ _____ 1500 meters high.
5 A:He bought a pen like this. B: This is ___ ____ ______ the one you bought.
對(duì)對(duì)答案想想吧！
單詞拼寫 1 official 2 natives 3 actually 4 present 5government 6 apartments 7 vocabulary 8 culture 9 commanded 10 polite
完成句子 1 more than 2 Because of 3 based on 4 Believe it or not 5 in the direction of
6 instead of 7 even if 8 come up 9 A number of ; the number of 10 At the end of
11 make use of 12 the same…as 13 different from 14 at present 15 communicate with
單項(xiàng)選擇 1-5ACBAC 6-10 DAAAC 11-15 BDBDB 16-20 CDABB
句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1 because of 2 instead of 3 more…than 4 more than 5 the same as
我的空間我補(bǔ)充：
（小周）