科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit8.doc
標(biāo)題 高二第八單元
章節(jié) 第八單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第八單元
內(nèi)容
一.教學(xué)目的和要求
1.單詞和詞組：
knee ought ought to still(adj) L.29 四會
medical care bite mouth-to-mouth lay burn(n.) L.30
cut(n.) electric container pool
by mistake pay attention to in a short while L.31
breathe take it easy L.29三會
within handkerchief deal(vt.) deal with wound safety L.30
running water wire guard out of one's reach sideways
firm firmly wherever stomach L.31
aid first aid injure injured L.29 三會
bleed hold up injury poison L.30
quantity throw up nearly L.31
2.日常交際用語：
We must carry her to the side of the road.
You mustn't move someone if they are badly hurt.
You should/shouldn't .…
I ought to go home.
I have to cook supper for my grandmother.
3.語法：
復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞must, should和學(xué)習(xí)ought to的用法。
二.重點與難點
L.29
1.fist aid急救
指醫(yī)生未來之前對傷者所采取的急救措拖與處理。其中的aid一詞既可作動詞也可作名詞用，作"幫助"、"援助"、"促使"解。例如：
With the aid of the computer, he worked out the problem. 借助于計算機(jī)，他解決了這個難題。
They are determined to aid him in his scientific research. 他的決心對于他的科學(xué)研究給予援助。
She came quickly to his aid . 她急忙來幫助他。(=She came quickly to help him.)
在以上的句子中，aid均可被help替換，因為這二個詞都有幫助的意思。help含義較廣，在日常生活中用的較多，而aid是比較正式的用法，因此在日常生活中不多用。
2.No! Leave her where she is ! 別動他，讓她留在原地。
a)句中的leave是及物動詞，意思為"留下"、"遺留"�？墒窃诒揪渲械囊馑紕t為"讓……處于某種狀態(tài)"，這時通常跟～ing形式或形容詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以跟從句。例如：
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要讓她在外面的雨中等著。
You'd better leave the door open. 你最好把門開著。
Her illness has left her weaker. 她的病使她比以前更虛弱了。
Don't touch the thing on the desk. Leave them as they are. 不要動書桌上的東西，讓他的照原樣放著。
b)的中的where it is的是地點狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可放在句首。例如：
Where there is a will, there is a way . 有志者事竟成。
Please put the books where they were. 請把書放回原處。
3.You mustn't move someone if they are badly hurt. 如果一個人受了重傷，你一定不要挪動他。
a)句中的動詞move是作為及物動詞用的，意思為"搬動"，同時還有"使……感動"的意思。例如：
The chair is in the way, move it please. 那把椅子礙事，請挪開。
We were deeply moved by what he had done. 我們?yōu)樗龅囊磺猩钍芨袆印?/p>
move作不及物動詞 時，作"活動"、"遷移""搖動"解。例如：
He was tied so tightly that he couldn't move hand or foot. 他緊緊地被捆住，手腳不能動。
He moved with great difficulty. 他十分艱難地移動著。
The old couple moved to the country after they were retired . 那對夫妻退休以后搬到鄉(xiāng)下去了。
b)hurt.既可作及物動詞，作"傷害"、"使受傷"解，也可作不及物動詞，作"疼痛"、"感到疼痛"解。既可表達(dá)身體的受傷，也可以表達(dá)情感的傷害。例如：
The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself . 小男孩從梯子上摔了下來并受了傷。
The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司機(jī)在事故中受了傷。
It hurts the eyes to read in such poor light . 在這么弱的燈光下看書會傷害眼睛的。
My feeling were hurt when they talked about me like that. 他們那樣談?wù)撐沂刮业母星槭艿絺Α?/p>
She was hurt to think of being left alone . 他一個人被留下很難過的。
4."Take it easy! I've just called the First Aid Centre…" 別緊張，我剛剛給急救中心通了電話。
句中的take it easy是"不要著急"、"別緊張"的意思，通常用來安慰別人。類似的有Don't worry. 有時也可說"take things easy"。例如：
Take it easy. Everything will be OK. 不要緊張，一切都會好的。
Take it easy. It's still early and we've got plenty of time. 不要著急。還早著呢況且我們有足夠的時間。
The doctor asked Bob to take things easy for a while. 醫(yī)生讓鮑勃先放松一會兒。
5.I ought to go home . 我該回家了。
ought to是情態(tài)動詞，意思為"應(yīng)該"。與should意思基本相同，但語氣要比should強些。含有"按道理應(yīng)該……"的意思。例如：
You ought to attend the meeting . 你應(yīng)該參加那個會議。
I ought to tell you about it before you leave. 我應(yīng)該在你走之前把這件事告訴你。
It isn't what I ought to do . 這不是我該做的事。
ought to的疑問句式是把ought移至句首，其否定式是把not放在ought和to之間。
例如：
Ought he to go ? Yes, he ought to . 他該去嗎？是的，他該去。
He ought not to do that. 他不該做那件事。
L.30
1. Anyone with the right knowledge can give first aid； you don't have to be a doctor.
任何一個有正確的急救知識的人都可以進(jìn)行急救，不一定非得是個醫(yī)生才行。
a)這里要注意的是與first aid搭配的動詞。除了句中的動詞give以外，還可與動詞offer或do連用，作"進(jìn)行急救"，"施行急救"解。例如：
A worker was badly injured in the workshop and his workmates gave him first aid .
一個工人在車間里受了重傷。他的工友們對他進(jìn)行了急救。
When someone is hurt, first aid should be immediately offered. 當(dāng)一個人受了傷時，應(yīng)立即對他進(jìn)行急救。
b) have to和must都作"必須"解。二者的意思稍有區(qū)別，但肯定式基本上可以通用。其否定式(mustn't和don't have to )卻在意思上有很大的差別，則不可以通用。
mustn't表示"不能"、"不得"（做某事），有禁止的意思；
don't have to表示"不必（做某事）"，同needn't(do sth)意思相當(dāng)，含"不必要"之意。例如：
You mustn't park your car in front of the entrance. 你不得把汽車停放在入口處。
You don't have to come. 你不必來。
2.check that the person can breathe. Open the mouth and make sure that there is no food at the back of the mouth. 檢查一下，看看這個人還能否呼吸。把掰嘴開，看看口腔后部是否有食物堵住。
句中的check和make sure的意思基本相同，作"核查""弄確實"解，后面的賓語從句則具有待核實，核查的事情。例如：
Check/Make sure that the gas and lights are turned off before you heave.
離開之前清檢查一下煤氣，燈是否都關(guān)了。
Please go and check/make sure if the baby is asleep. 請去看看孩子睡了沒有。
3.Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries… 這兒有條關(guān)于處理普通創(chuàng)傷的意見……。
句中的短語動詞deal with有多種意思，如"對待某人"、"處理問題"，"計論某事"等。例如：
They try to deal politely with angry customers . 他們的盡量對發(fā)怒的顧客彬彬有禮。
How shall we deal with the situation? 我們怎樣來處理這個局面呢？
Our teacher will deal with the grammar point in the next lesson. 我們老師下一堂課要講這個語法點。
另外deal with sb/sth.還有"與某人有社交、商業(yè)等關(guān)系"的意思。例如：
We don't deal with large impersonal companies. 我們不與那些沒有人情味的大公司打交道。
4.However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people's lives .
然而，經(jīng)過幾個小的學(xué)習(xí)之后，你就會獲得足夠的知識去救別人的生命了。
我們以前學(xué)過enough這一詞，是作形容詞或副詞用的。作形容詞時，可以放在它可修飾詞之前或之后。例如：
We have enough time (time enough) to get to the airport. 我們來得及趕到機(jī)場。
There's enough food (food enough )on the table . 桌上的食物足夠吃。
作副詞時，放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后，可與不定式或for短語連用。例如：
Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in ? 在這條河里游泳水夠深嗎？
She isn't old enough to go to school. 她不到上學(xué)年齡。
She plays well enough for a beginner. 對于初學(xué)者說來，她彈奏得相當(dāng)不錯了。
但在這句中的enough則是作為名詞來用的，意思是"足夠的東西"，作句中動詞know的賓語。enough后常跟不定式。作enough的定語。例如：
-Would you please have some more ? 再吃點嗎？
-I've had enough. Thank you. 謝謝，我已經(jīng)吃飽了。
He couldn't earn enough to support the family of five. 他沒能掙足夠的錢來養(yǎng)活五口之家。
I have enough to do every day. 我每天有足的事情做。
5.If everyone in the country knew first aid , many lives would be saved.
倘若每個國民都懂得急救，那么許多人的生命就可以被挽救。
這是一個表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句。真實是，并非每個人都會急救，因此許多人的生命都沒能得到挽救。在這種非真實的條件句中，從句中的謂語動詞用進(jìn)去時態(tài)，如果是be，一律用were，不管是第幾人稱，主句中的謂語動詞則由would/could/might+v.構(gòu)成。例如：
If I were a bird, I could fly. 如果我是只小鳥，我就能飛了。(事實上我不是小鳥，我也不會飛。)
If he knew the truth, he would tell me.
如果他知道事實真相，他會告訴我。（事實是他不知道，也不會告訴我。）
這一語法現(xiàn)象不是本單元的重點，在以后的語法項目的（即虛擬語氣）學(xué)習(xí)中，再詳細(xì)解。
6.keep them on a high shelf out of the reach of children. 把它們（毒物）放在小孩夠不著的高架上。
句中的介詞短語out of one's reach作"夠不關(guān)"，"拿不到"解，在此reach為名詞，意思是手能觸及到的范圍，與其相對應(yīng)的短語是within one's reach。例如：
The shelf is so high it is well out of my reach. 架子太高，我根本夠不著。
Please have a dictionary within my reach. 請把字典放在我夠得著的地方。
7.Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder. 站在梯子上的時候，不要側(cè)著身子伸手去拿東西。
在這個句子中，reach作為動詞用的，意思是"伸手取物"。sideways在此是副詞，作"側(cè)著身子"、"向旁邊"解。
I can't reach the apples on the top branch. 我夠不到最上邊樹枝上的蘋果。
I reached across the table for the jam. 我伸手到桌子那端去拿果醬。
Please reach me the dictionary from the bookshelf. 請把字典從書架上取下來給我。
A crab moves sideways. 螃蟹橫著爬行。
He looked sideways at me. 他斜著眼看我。
另外，句中的while standing on a ladder是while you are standing on a ladder的省略。在有些表示時間、地點、條件等的狀語從句中，主語和主句中的主語一致時，從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是動詞be）常省略。例如：
Don't listen to the radio while doing your homework.(=Don't listen to the radio while you're doing your homework.)
做作業(yè)時，不要聽收音機(jī)。
I visited my professor while in Shanghai.(=I visited my professor while I was in Shanghai.)
在上海期間，我去看望了我的教授。
8. Make sure that your children can not get close to pools, lakes and rivers by themselves.
務(wù)必不要讓小孩獨自去池塘、湖邊或江邊。
a)句中的get close to…作"到……的近旁"解。例如：
We got close to the old people to see what they were doing.
我們走近哪些老年人看看他們在干什么。
The children were warned not to get close to the fire.
人們警告孩子們不要靠近火。
b)by oneself意思為"單獨地"、"獨自地"。在句中作狀語。例如：
The little girl travelled from London to New York by herself. 那小姑娘獨自一個從倫敦旅行到了紐約。
Dinny walked home by himself last night. 迪尼昨晚獨自一個人去回家的。
L.31
1.What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? 假如有人誤喝了毒藥，你該怎么辦？
句中的by mistake是固定詞組，意為"錯誤地"、"無心地(做了某事)"例如：
I took your dictionary by mistake. 我拿錯了你的詞典了。
I used your towel by mistake. 我（無心）用錯了你的毛巾了。
在上面的句子中，mistake是作名詞用的。另外，mistake作動詞用時，常跟for連用，意思是"把……誤認(rèn)為""錯把……當(dāng)作"。例如：
I mistook you for your brother. 我錯把你當(dāng)成你的兄弟了。
The visitors mistook the house for a hotel. 那些游人把這棟房子當(dāng)成旅店了。
2.在practice中有這樣的句子：
a)you must keep the patient warm if he/she has been in the water a long time .
如果她/他，在水中的時間過長，你必須使病人保暖。
句中的keep the patient warm是keep+賓語+形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"處于（保持）……狀態(tài)）"。例如：
They closed the door and windows to keep the room clean. 他們將門窗關(guān)上以保持房間的清潔。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting outside a long time . 我很抱歉讓您在處面久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她緊閉雙眼呆在原地不動。
b)You need to pay attention to the children wherever they are playing.
不論孩子們在哪兒玩耍，作都得留心。
句中的pay attention to為"留心……"、"注意……"之意。這是一個固定詞組，其中to是介詞，后接名詞，代詞或動名詞。例如：
The teacher asked his students to pay attention to him in class. 老師要求學(xué)生在上課時要專心聽講。
Much attention should be paid to the problem of pollution.
污染的問題應(yīng)給予更多的關(guān)注。（要更加關(guān)注污染問題）。
3.關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞must, should , ought to的用法小結(jié)：
must為"必須"、"一定"、"肯定"之意，在表示推測意義的"肯定"時，只能用在肯定句中。例如：
If the person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.
如果這個人在大量出血，就必須設(shè)法給他止血。
If someone is in trouble, we must help him/her.
如果有人遇到了麻煩，我們必須幫助他/她。
這時must主要是用于表示說話人主觀上的看法。如表示客觀需要，我們可用have to這一結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，must沒有時態(tài)的變化，一般用于現(xiàn)在時，have to可用于更多的時態(tài)。例如：
We have to walk there because we missed the last bus. 由于我們沒趕上末班車，只好走著去那兒。
He has to change his mind . 他只好改變主意了。
另外，must和have to的否定式的意思是不同的，例如：
mustn't是"不要……"，有禁止的含義；而don't have to則表示"不必要……"含有"客觀上無此必要"的意思。
you mustn't move someone if they are badly hurt. 如果有人受了重傷，一定不要搬動他。
you don't have to tell him this . 你沒必要告訴他這件事。
should和ought to：
should和ought to都有"應(yīng)該"的意思，而且可以通用。should的語氣比must弱些，它含有"建議"、"勸告"的語氣；ought to的語氣比should要強些，強調(diào)"有責(zé)任"、"有義務(wù)（做某事）"的意思。例如：
you should be here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早點來。
you ought to tell him how to operate the machine. 你應(yīng)該告訴他如何使用（操作）這臺機(jī)器。
"I'll start the work tomorrow."──"No, you should start now."
"我明天開始這個工作。"──"我想你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在開始。"
�。ㄔ谶@個句子中，用了should,這時指說話人是以"建議"或"勸告"的口氣來同對方在說話。）
如果用ought to替換should,口氣就有所不同了。例如：
"I'll start the work tomorrow."──"No, you ought to start now."
"我明天開始這個工作。"──"不行，你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在開始。"
�。ㄟ@時說話人的口氣就有點象上級對下級發(fā)出命令或提出責(zé)令了。）
should的否定形式是shouldn't；ought to的否定形式是oughtn't to。例如：
you shouldn't put the books here . you ought to put them where they were.
你不應(yīng)該把書放在這。應(yīng)該把他們放回原處。
you ought to take good care of your sick grandma. 你應(yīng)該細(xì)心照料生病的祖母。
三.同步測試：
Ⅰ.選擇最佳答案：
1. I was rather by what they said about me.
A. hit B. harmed C. hurt D. wounded
2.Badly wounded in back, he had to lie in bed face.
A. the, on his B. the, on the C. his, by the D. his, in his
3.you'll come to see the you have done.
A. bad B. wrong C. mistake D. mistaken
4.The doctor did to save his mother's life.
A. all what he could B. as much as possible
C. all could be done D. as much as could
5.He felt sorry for completed his work on time.
A. not have B. not to have C. not having D. having not
6.She her baby in her arms.
A. fetched B. carried C. sent D. brought
7.Our school is walk from the park.
A. for a half and an hour's B. within one and a half hour's
C. in an hour and a half D. at one and half hour's
8.Lucy tried to for the banana on the shelf, but it was too high.
A. took B. get C. reach D. pick
9.The leaves of the trees gently our faces as we walked along the street.
A. got B. struck C. knocked D. reached
10.That kind of grass always grows best it is wet.
A. there B. in which C. the place where D. where
11.He has a wife and three children to .
A. keep B. hold C. raise D. grow
12.You should yourself out of their quarrels.
A. put B. keep C. take D. prevent
13.I don't believe him he says.
A. whatever B. how C. what D. however
14.They do it today, they?
A. needn't, do B. don't need, need C. don't need to, do D. needn't to, need
15.Please keep your mouth and your eyes .
A. closed, open B. close, opened C. close, open D. closing, opened
16.I the book, but I enough money.
A. would have bought, had no B. had bought, hadn't had
C. would buy, had no D. could have bought, had not
17."When can you finish it ?""It's hard to say, we'll finish it ."
A. as fast as possible B. as soon as possible
C. as much as possible D. as possible as we can
18.She doesn't work as hard as she .
A. did B. used to do C. used to be D. was used to
19.I would tell the reason to would like to know it .
A. those B. whoever C. anyone D. who
20.The box brought here last week is very heavy .
A. being moved B. to be moved C. to move D. moving
�、�.改錯：
I gave my servant an old pair trousers to wash and then I entered into my study to do some reading. My servant usually examined my pockets after she washed my clothes, but for some reason she didn't do so this time .
As I was reading, I suddenly remembered I had forgotten a 100-dollar note at the back pocket of the trousers which I had given her to wash. I fell my book night away and went to the bathroom. But it was very late. My servant told me that the trousers had washed in the washing-machine for ten minutes. I had the machine stop at once and pulled my trousers out of it as quickly as I could. I discovered that it had become a ball of waste paper. I stood there, glaring at my servant until she began to cry. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
參考答案：
�、�.1-5 C A B B C 6-10 B B C D D 11-15 A B A C A 16-20 D B A B C
�、�1. Pair后加介詞of 2.去掉into 3.將after改成before 4. 將forgotten改為left 5.將at改成in 6.將fell改成dropped 7.將very改成too 8. 在had后加been 9.將stop改成stopped 10.√