科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit18.1.doc
標(biāo)題 The Necklace (項(xiàng)鏈)
章節(jié) 第十八單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會(huì)單詞和詞組：recognize = recognize , ball , accept , invitation , after all , continue , call on , day and night , pay back , valuable , worth , at the most , not … any more , match , contain
三會(huì)單詞和詞組：scene , diamond , government , palace , pretty , happiness , exactly , steal , thief , description , belt , case , jewellery
Ⅱ. 交際英語(yǔ)
Shopping ( 購(gòu)物 )
Some useful expressions :
1 . What can I do for you ?
2 . May/Can I help you ?
3. I want/I'd like…
4 . How much is it ?
5 . That's too expensive , I'm afraid .
6 . How many/much do you want ?
7 . What colour/size/kind do you want ?
8 . What colour do you prefer , black or blue ?
9 . Would you mind if I try this one on ?
10 . How much is it worth ? /How much do you charge ? /How much do you ask for it ? /How much shall I pay for it ?
交際示范：( 1 )
A : Good afternoon , sir . What can I do for you ?
B : I want to buy a birthday present for my son .
A : How old is your son ?
B : Fifteen years old .
A : This radio is very good , sir .
B : How much is it ?
A : It is worth ＄40 .
B : Oh , that's too expensive , I'm afraid .
A : Then what about this walkman ( 隨身聽(tīng) ) ? Many students like it very much . This is the most popular kind .
B : How much does it cost ?
A : It's only ＄25 .
B : OK . That's fine . I'll take it . I hope my son will like it .
( 2 )
A : Can I help you ?
B : Could you show me a cap ?
A : Certainly . What do you think of this one ?
B : I don't like the colour . Do you have any other colour ?
A : Yes . What about the brown one ?
B : Oh , it's lovely . Can I try it on ?
A : Of course . This is a very popular cap . What size do you take ?
B : I'm not quite sure . I don't know Chinese sizes .
A : This is a 59 . How does it fit ?
B : It looks good on me . How much is it ?
A : Eight yuan .
B : Here is 10 .
A : Here is your change . Shall I wrap ( 包 ) it up for you ?
B : No , thank you . I think I'll wear it .
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
學(xué)習(xí)疑問(wèn)詞的直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的9個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. worth 和 worthy 都是形容詞，詞義基本相同，“值得的”，但用法及搭配上卻不相同。
〖點(diǎn)撥〗 worth “值得的”、“值得……的”，只能作表語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作表語(yǔ)，其后必有連帶成份才能成立。如：This book is worth . (錯(cuò)) This book is worth reading . (正)
(1) 其后接錢(qián)數(shù)或相當(dāng)于代價(jià)的名詞。如：
The necklace was worth 100 francs at most .
What / How much is it worth ?
It is worth much .
(2) 帶及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)一般形式，若是不及物動(dòng)詞需加適當(dāng)介詞，但均表示被動(dòng)意思，或者說(shuō)所用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯賓語(yǔ)必須是 worth 的主語(yǔ)。如：
This film is worth seeing it . (錯(cuò))
This film is worth being seen . (錯(cuò))
This film is worth seeing . (正)
That picture is worth looking at . (正)
(3) 接 while 或 one's while 一起作表語(yǔ)。如：
Going / To go there is worth while .
(4) 句型：It is worth while doing / to do . sth . 此句型中，it 為形式主語(yǔ)代替動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ) doing / to do sth . 與(2)中的動(dòng)名詞不同，此時(shí)的動(dòng)名詞或不定式必須是完整的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：
It is worth while discussing / to discuss the question .
It is worth while looking at / to look at that picture .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗worthy “值得的……”，“高尚的”，“可尊敬的”、“相配的”等，可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)其后也必須有連帶成份。
(1) 加介詞 of 短語(yǔ)。of 后可接名詞(一般不接表示錢(qián)的名詞)、代詞和動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。如：The watch was worthy of the chain .
He is worthy of his work .
This museum is worthy of a visit .
This novel is worthy of being remembered .
(2) 接不定式的被動(dòng)式。
This question is worthy to be discussed .
(3) 放名詞前作定語(yǔ)，worth 不能。如：Bethune is a worthy man .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗注意，漢語(yǔ)中說(shuō)“很值得時(shí)”只能用 well worth / worthy 不能用其他副詞。如：
This report is well worth listening to .
Her behaviour is well worthy of great praise .
2. steal (stole , stolen) 偷
When a thief was stealing corn , a passer-by caught him by the hand .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗steal sth from + sb (或者地點(diǎn)) 是“從……偷”。但是，rob sb of sth搶劫某人。
3. description描述
Please give me a brief / full description of the accident .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗beyond description無(wú)法形容，難以描述。如：The lady was beautiful beyond description .
4. jewellery = jewelery（總稱(chēng)）珠寶
She has a lot of jewellery .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗j(luò)ewellery是不可數(shù)名詞，可以借助piece來(lái)表達(dá)可數(shù)的概念。如：Some of my jewelry is missing .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. after all畢竟，到底；別忘了（該詞組用語(yǔ)提醒對(duì)方或者表示轉(zhuǎn)折）
Don’t be so hard on him . After all , he is only six years old .
I thought he would be against my plan , but he did his best to carry it out after all .
2. all these years這么多年
3. this once就這么一回；僅此一次
4. call on sb拜訪某人。call at +地點(diǎn)是“去某地看看”。如：
So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery .
She always called at the doctor’s on the way to work .
另外，call on sb to do是“號(hào)召某人干……”。
5. bring out取出
I’d like you to bring them out .
6. try on試穿。但try out檢驗(yàn)。
Never buy shoes without trying them on first .
7. have a very good time過(guò)得十分愉快
8. without luck真倒霉
9. be exactly like絲毫不差地像
10. day and night = night and day夜以繼日地
11. pay back償還；還錢(qián)
If you lent money from him , don’t forget to pay them back to him recently .
12. at most = at the most至多；充其量
The job will be finished in ten days at the most .
注意其反義詞組是：at least = at the least
13. match A and / with B“把A和B配合”
Does this tie match with my suit ?
14. invite sb to + 地點(diǎn)“邀請(qǐng)某人去……”
15. the Lost and Found失物招領(lǐng)處
16. describe sth to sb向某人講講……
17. the entrance to / of …通向……的入口
18. live a hard life過(guò)著艱難的日子
19. set one’s mind to / on sth = set one’s heart to / on sth一心撲在……
Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it .
20. look back over / on回顧；回想過(guò)去。look forward to + 名詞或者動(dòng)名詞“渴望……”。
21. from house to house挨家挨戶(hù)
He went from house to house to pay New Year calls .
22. drink to為……干杯；為……祝福
They drink to each other’s health and wish each other good luck .
Let’s drink to your success .
注意：“為……的健康干杯”也可以用drink sb’s health
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1 . I was the only person in my office who was invited . 我是我的辦公室里唯一的一個(gè)受邀請(qǐng)的人。
〖明晰〗當(dāng)先行詞前有 the only , the very , all , every , any , on 等修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用 that ( 這是相對(duì) which 而言的 ) ，它在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。但是，如果先行詞指的是“人”，通常要用 who。例如：
Tom is the very man who I'm going to employ .
This watch is the same one that I'm looking for .
2 . You tried it on and it looked wonderful on you . 你戴上項(xiàng)鏈試了試，它戴在你身上好看極了。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) try on 意為“試穿 ( 衣服、鞋等 ) ；試戴 ( 帽子、手套、首飾等 ) ”，on 為副詞，若代詞作其賓語(yǔ)，需置于 try 和 on 之間，如本句中的 tried it on。例如：
Please try on this pair of new shoes and see whether they fit you or not .
Here is a skirt . Try it on , Mary .
( 2 ) 該句中的兩個(gè) on 都有“穿、戴”之意，但是，第一個(gè) on 是副詞，第二個(gè) on 是介詞，其后要跟賓語(yǔ)。又如：
The foolish King had nothing on that day .
She had a beautiful hat on her head .
3 . It cost us thirty - six thousand francs . 它 ( 那條項(xiàng)鏈 ) 花了我們?nèi)f(wàn)六千法郎。
〖明晰〗cost 意為“花費(fèi)”，指花費(fèi)金額、費(fèi)用、時(shí)間、勞力等，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其主語(yǔ)是表示物或事的詞。又如：
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort .。
This dictionary cost me nearly 100 yuan .
當(dāng) cost 表示“價(jià)值多少錢(qián)”時(shí)，可與 be worth 換用。例如：
This pen costs ( = is worth ) 20 yuan .
另外，下面幾個(gè)表達(dá)“某人花多少錢(qián)做某事”的句型很重要，也是�？键c(diǎn)，需注意。
( 1 ) 主語(yǔ) ( 物 ) + costs sb . + 錢(qián) + to do sth .
( 2 ) 主語(yǔ) ( 人 ) + pay + 錢(qián) + for sth .
( 3 ) 主語(yǔ) ( 人 ) + spend + 錢(qián) + on sth .
( 4 ) It takes sb . + 錢(qián) + to do sth . = It takes + 錢(qián) + for sb . to do sth .
( 5 ) 主語(yǔ) ( 人 ) + buy sth . for + 錢(qián)。
It will cost you ＄500 to repair the car .
I paid 1000 yuan for a secondhand computer .
Every month she spends one-third of her salary on books .
It took him a lot of money to buy her a new coat . = It took a lot of money for him to buy her a new coat .
He bought the bag for ＄20 .
4 . recognize與know
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) recognize “認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；認(rèn)識(shí)到”，建立在原來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)
上。如：
She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her .
They recognized this man without difficulty .
( 2 ) know 也有“認(rèn)出，認(rèn)識(shí)”之意，常和 from 連用，其含義為“辨認(rèn)，區(qū)別”。
They're twins and it's almost impossible to know one from the other .
It is not always easy to know right from wrong .
注意：recognize 為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；如需表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)期相識(shí)時(shí)，可用動(dòng)詞 know 取代 recognize .
5 . accept , receive與get
〖明晰〗( 1 ) accept “接受，答應(yīng)”，主要表示主觀上的同意接受，著重主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度。
He has accepted the doctor's advice to give up smoking .
( 2 ) receive , get 都可表示“收到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀，并不涉及主觀上是否愿意接受。如：
Mary received/got a gift from a friend of hers , but she didn't seem to accept it .
6 . “拜訪”：call at , call on , drop in ( on/at ) , visit , pay a visit ( to )
〖明晰〗( 1 ) call at 后接地點(diǎn)，表示到某處去拜訪某人。如：
She asked him to call at Brown's Hotel to see her daughter .
You'd better call at his office .
( 2 ) call on 比較正式，后接人作賓語(yǔ)，指進(jìn)行短暫的社交或公務(wù)關(guān)系的訪問(wèn)，有時(shí)也有 call upon。如：
After we moved into the new home , our neighbours came to call on us .
( 3 ) drop in 則一般表示非正式的走訪，順便拜訪，事先不打招呼。如果后跟人，介詞用 on ; 如果后跟地點(diǎn)，介詞用 at。如：
He dropped in on us last Sunday .
Now and then they would drop in at the houses and chat with the workers .
( 4 ) visit 正式用語(yǔ)，可以表示進(jìn)行時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的訪問(wèn)。既可指進(jìn)行友好或社交性的訪問(wèn)，也可指因職務(wù)關(guān)系而進(jìn)行的訪問(wèn)。如：
When does she visit you again ?
The doctor regularly visited her in the afternoon .
( 5 ) pay a visit ( to ) “對(duì)……進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)；去看望……”，此處 visit 是名詞，該詞組與 visit 同義。如：
Perhaps we'll pay a visit to China from March 16 to 23 .
7 . pay back , pay for , pay off , pay out
〖明晰〗( 1 ) pay back“償還，償付；報(bào)復(fù)”。pay 本身即有“付清、付帳”的意思，加 back 后更強(qiáng)調(diào)“償還”的意思。如：
It's high time he paid you back the money he owes you .
( 2 ) pay for “付款，償付”。如：
How much did you pay for the recorder ?
( 3 ) pay off“還清債務(wù)，付掉”。如：
I'll pay off my debt with this check .
( 4 ) pay out“付出”。如：
They paid out ＄550 that month .
8. SEEC 高一冊(cè)第18單元第69課有這樣一個(gè)句子：
I'm sorry , but I don't think I know you .
該句的漢語(yǔ)譯文是：對(duì)不起，我覺(jué)得我不認(rèn)識(shí)你。不能譯成：對(duì)不起，我不認(rèn)為我認(rèn)識(shí)
你。從譯文可以看出，該句否定詞 not 否定的不是 think 而是 know，這就是我們常說(shuō)的
否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
〖明晰〗
※ 從主句轉(zhuǎn)移至從句。
(1) 從主句轉(zhuǎn)移至 that ( that 可以省略 ) 引起的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
I don't think that he'll accept your invitation . 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)接受你的邀請(qǐng)。
I don't believe he told a lie . 我相信他沒(méi)有說(shuō)謊。
(2) 從主句轉(zhuǎn)移至 because 引起的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
He didn't go to see the movie because he liked it . 他不是因?yàn)橄矚g那部影片才去看它的。
(3) 從主句轉(zhuǎn)移至 as 引起的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
She didn't do her job as I had told her .
※ 以謂語(yǔ)為樞紐，在句子成分之間相互轉(zhuǎn)移。從其它成分轉(zhuǎn)移至謂語(yǔ)。
(1) 從主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)移至謂語(yǔ)。如：Nothing has happened .
(2) 從賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)移至謂語(yǔ)。如：I know none of them .
※ 從謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)移至其它成分。
(1) 部分否定時(shí)，從謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)移至主語(yǔ)。如：All the necklaces were not made of diamond . 并非所有的項(xiàng)鏈都由鉆石制成。
(2) 從謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)移至狀語(yǔ)。如：Don't go there so early .
(3) 從復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)的前半部分轉(zhuǎn)移至后半部分。如：
The news doesn't seem to be true .
9. L . 69 ( P . 13 ) 中有：She married a man with a lot of money . ( 她嫁給了一位富翁。 ) 句中的 marry 一詞，意為“與 ( 某人 ) 結(jié)婚；娶；嫁”。但它的用法及搭配遠(yuǎn)不止這些。
〖明晰〗 ※ marry vt . “與 ( 某人 ) 結(jié)婚”；“娶 ( 某人 ) 為妻”；“嫁給 ( 某人 ) ”。用于指配偶的情況，需要接賓語(yǔ)。如：
He is going to marry Miss Alice .
Mary married a Frenchman .
※ marry vi . “結(jié)婚”，只表示婚姻狀況，常有副詞修飾。如：
The doctor married late in life . 這醫(yī)生結(jié)婚很晚。
The famous actress never married .
※ be ( get ) married to sb . “與……結(jié)婚”。表示已婚狀態(tài)。如：
She was married to a foreigner .
Sharon has been married to Peter for 10 years .
※ be married 表示已婚狀態(tài)，常與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
Will and Paula have been married for three years .
Lizzy , Gary and Bot are all married .
※ marry vt . “把某人嫁給……”或“給某人娶……”。如：
She has married all her daughters . 她已把她的女兒都嫁出去了。
Her parents want to marry her to a rich businessman . 她的父母要把她嫁給一個(gè)富商。
※ marry vt . ( 指牧師、官員等 ) “為……主婚。如：
Which priest is going to marry the couple of you ? 哪位牧師為你們倆主婚 ? An old friend married them . 一位老朋友為他們證婚。注意：
1 ) marry 作“嫁；娶”解時(shí)，為終止性動(dòng)詞，不可與表示一般時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；若表示結(jié)婚有一段時(shí)間時(shí)，應(yīng)用 be get married . 如：
When did she marry ? 應(yīng)改為：When did she get married ?
2 ) 問(wèn)現(xiàn)在的婚姻狀態(tài)時(shí)，可說(shuō)：Is she married ( a single ) ? 不可說(shuō)：Has she marrie
d ? /Do you marry ? /Have you married ? 應(yīng)改為：Are you married ? /Have you got married ?
3 ) 表示一個(gè)人何時(shí)結(jié)婚時(shí)應(yīng)用：
- When were they married ?
- He was married in 1980 .
-When did you get married ?
-I got married in 1983 .
4 ) 表示“和某人結(jié)婚”，不可受漢語(yǔ)影響用 with，而用 to ; 也可什么介詞都不用，但應(yīng)注意句型搭配。如：
① She married with a doctor . ( × )
She married a doctor . ( √ )
② She was married with a doctor . ( × )
She was married to a doctor . ( √ )
【妙文賞析】
Guy De Maupassant (莫泊桑)
Maupassant was born in France in 18050. His parents separated when he was about six, and he went to live with his mother. At the age of thirteen , he was sent to school, but was forced(被迫) to leave there. He went to another school and there he was praised for an excellent poem(詩(shī)) he wrote. In this way he began his writing at an early age. During the Franco-Prussian War(普法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)), he had to give up writing. After the war, he went to Paris to look for a job which he hoped that would leave him free time to write. It was in Paris that he met one of the greatest writers, form whom he learned a great deal.
Though he found material(素材) for many stories while working as a clerk(職員), he found life in the office restricted( 受限制的) . After one of his stories was published, he left his office in order to spend full time writing. By the age of thirty-four, he became quite famous. During this time, he wrote some of his best-known works, including The Diamond Necklace, one of the most Famous short stories in the world.
1. From this passage we can see that ____.
A. Maupassant lived a happy life in his childhood
B. Maupassant's early life was not a happy one
C. Maupassant finished middle school at the age of thirteen
D. Maupassant begun to write poems before he was thirteen
2. During the was Maupassant ____ .
A. went to Paris B. joined the army
C. had to stop his writing D. met a great writer
3. Why did Maupassant leave the office?
A. Because the office work was too hard.
B. Because he wanted to spend his full time on writing.
C. Because he had already been a famous writer.
D. Because he didn't like working in offices.
4. Maupassant began his writing ____.
A. when he was young B. during the war
C. after the war D. when he was six
5. Which of the following is true?
A. It was not until 43 that he became famous.
B. Although one of his stories was published, he wouldn't give up his job as a clerk.
C. Maupassant was famous all over the world as a short story writer.
D. Working in the office did him no good.