Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and expressions:
expedition; seaman; store; fall ill; fever; live; at sea; sickness; liter; merchant; exist; major; plain; chart; biscuit; landowner; take an interest in; skilled; defend; warship; take…by surprise; battle; defeat; seize; planet; Venus; in charge of; seamanship; onion; bake; set out; set sail; in search of; strait; bay; botany; astonish; bear; mainland; disaster; crew; raise; thinking; pass by; celebrate; coastline; be worth dong; sink; nowhere; passage
2.The daily expressions in communication (insistence and opinion):
I insist that…
I shall insist on….
I’ve decided…
We will take…..
3. Grammar: Revise -ing form used as subject and object.
4. Language use: the students are got involved in listening, speaking, reading and writing practice to improve their language use abilities.
5. Cultural and historical knowledge: the students are supposed to learn something about Captain Cook and something about Great Britain in the 18th century.
Teaching time: 5 periods
Lesson 5
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Find out how much the Ss know about Captain Cook. Ask questions like these: What nationality was he? (English)
Where did he travel? (round the world)
As his title was “Captain”, what was his job? (Sailor/ ship’s captain?
Which century did he live in? (18th century, 1728-1779)
Step 2. Presentation
SB Page 7, Part 1. Ask questions about the picture, and get the Ss say what they thing is happening.
Who is the man? (Captain Cook)
Where are he and his sailors? (at the sea port)
What are they doing? (He is ordering his men to carry some food onto the ship)
What are they going to take with them for this long journey?
What do you need to take with you when you go on a very long sea journey?
Now read the dialog silently and find out the answer.
(Food, live animals, cabbage in vinegar, vinegar)
Step 3. Listening
Play the tape for the students follow the dialogue. Tell the students to answer the questions in Wb Ex 1, page 77. After that, some students are asked to answer the questions.
Step 4. Reading and explanations
Now get the students to read the dialogue in pairs and underline the difficulties and the key points that they think.
1 I insist on doing….
e.g. I insist on taking proper food for the expedition.
The young man insisted that he hadn’t done wrong and he should be set free.
I shall insist that they (should) do from now on.
Similarly we have demand; require; command; order; request etc.
2 I suggest taking a lot of vinegar.
Tom suggested a plan for the work.
Jenny suggested doing it in another way.
The doctor suggested that I should come again next week.
c.f. His accent suggests that he comes from Sichuan.
3. The men often fall ill and suffer fever.
1) fall ill生病，得病
He is absent, for he has fallen ill.
William caught a cold and fell.
2) suffer 遭受，蒙受。在本句中作及物動(dòng)詞，所接賓語指痛苦、疾病、寒冷、饑餓、損失等。
He suffered a serious disease as a result of overwork.
Ms Kings legs were badly hurt and she suffered great pain.
These plants cannot suffer a cold winter.
Suffer也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟介詞from的短語，“因……而受苦”
He is suffering from toothache.
They suffered greatly from overwork.
Step 5. Practice
SB P7, Part 2. Tell the students this part is compiled to practice the expressions of expressing your insistence. Get the students to make sentences using the phrases given in the box. Pick up students to yell out their sentences.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 5, Exx.2 and 3.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 5 in the workbook.
(2) Look up “Captain Cook” in an encyclopedia or in the web
Lesson 6 Captain Cook (1)
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of Lesson 5.
Step 2. Presentation
SB Page 8, Part 2. Get the Ss to talk about the picture and describe what they can see.
1) In which war did Cook play an important part? (Seven years War, and the Battle of Quebec in Canada)
2) Why did Cook go on his journey to the Pacific? (To see Venus passing between the earth and the sun, and to look for a new continent in the Indian / Pacific Ocean)
Step 3. Scanning
Answer the following questions:
① Where did Cook learn his seamanship? (On the Endeavor, an old merchant ship)
② What was the main purpose of Captain Cook leading the expedition?
(Watching the very unusual event, that the planet Venus passing between the earth and the sun)
Step 4. Reading
Tell the students to read the text more carefully to find out the specific information. Answer the questions in Exercise 1 on P78 in the workbook.
Notes:
1) The Seven Years War: The war lasted from 1756 to 1763 and was a worldwide conflict fought in Europe, North America and India between France, Austria, Russia, Saxony（薩克森）, Sweden and (after 1762) Spain, on one side and Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover（漢諾威，德國城市） on the other. Two main issues were involved: French and English colonial rivalries in North America and India, and the struggle for supremacy（霸權(quán)） in Europe of Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia. The war confirmed Prussia’s new rank as a leading European power and made Britain the world’s chief colonial power. France lost most of its overseas possessions.
2) the city of Quebec: The city was founded in 1608, and is today the capital of Quebec Province. In 1983 it had a population of about 163,800. The population is largely French Canadian nationalism.
3) St Lawrence River: The river, 1197 kilometers long, flows from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St Lawrence. It is closed by ice from mid-December to mid-April, but at other times of the year links the Great Lakes with the sea.
Step 5. Reference
SB P9, Part 3. Get the students to point out what the words referred to.
Step 6. Discussion
SB P9, Part 4. Divide the students into groups of four and tell them to write down the things that Cook took with him and the reasons.
Notes:
Flour-for baking bread;
Food stores: onions, salted meat, cheese, plain biscuits, beer
Cabbage in vinegar-to keep the men healthy;
Live animals (pigs, sheep and chickens) – for eggs and fresh meat;
Vinegar-for cleaning the ship
Step 7. Language points
1. The local landowner took an interest in the young boy and paid for his schooling.
(= The local landowner liked the young boy and paid for his education.) 當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刂飨矚g這個(gè)小男孩，并且供給他上學(xué)。
短語動(dòng)詞 take an interest in ( = become interested in ) 是“對......感興趣”的意思。
When he was a young boy, he took an interest in mathematics. 對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。
You will learn English fast if you take an interest in it. 如果你對英語產(chǎn)生興趣，
He takes a great interest in football stars.他非常喜愛足球明星。
用interest 的適當(dāng)形式完成下列各句：
I found something _________ in today's paper. (interesting)
The boy was ________ in drawing pictures. (interested)
When he was a boy, Tom took an ________ in physics. (interest)
This newly-translated storybook _______ lots of children. (interests)
2. He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise.他率領(lǐng)船隊(duì)順流而下，到達(dá)英軍可以安全登陸、并能對敵人發(fā)起突擊的地方。
take ... by surprise 作“對......突然襲擊”、“出乎......意料”解。例如：
The Japanese planes took the island by surprise on a Sunday morning.
日本飛機(jī)在一個(gè)星期天的早晨對該島進(jìn)行了突然襲擊。
We took the enemy positions by surprise at midnight.對敵軍陣地進(jìn)行了突然襲擊。
He took her quite by surprise when he suddenly appeared at the door.
他突然出現(xiàn)在門口，這使她感到出乎意料。
3. The Endeavor was not a warship but an old merchant ship, just like the one on which Cook had learnt his seamanship. “奮力”號不是一艘戰(zhàn)艦，而是一艘舊商船，就像庫克過去學(xué)航海技術(shù)時(shí)乘過的那艘船一樣。
此句中的 warship (戰(zhàn)船) 是 war 和 ship 組成的合成詞，其中的 ship 是（船）；而seamanship (航海技術(shù))中的 ship 則是一個(gè)名詞后綴，表示性質(zhì)、職業(yè)、身份、技能等。例如： Citizen (公民) citizenship (公民身份)
4. In July 1768 the Endeavor set out for the Pacific. “奮力”號啟航開赴太平洋。
set out 與 set off 同義，都作“出發(fā)”、“動(dòng)身”解，后跟介詞 for 短語，表示“動(dòng)身去某地”(= start for some place)。例如：
They set out / off to look for the lost milu deer. 他們動(dòng)身去尋找那頭走失的麋鹿。
We set out early in the morning, hoping to arrive before dark.我們大清早就出發(fā)了，
That morning a new ship set out / off for London on its first trip.首航去倫敦。
注意：set的主要詞組有：
set off, set out (to begin a journey )出發(fā)，后接on the journey, trip,或for a place, /sth.
set out (to intend to do )后接to do意為"著手"，"打算"
set up (raise, build) 豎立，建立，創(chuàng)立
set up home (to start one's own home ) 建立家園
set…free 釋放，set fire on /to（在）……放火
set sail起航
set off (to cause explode) 引起爆炸
Step 8. Workbook
Get the students to do the wb exercises individually and then check the answers with the class. Answers: See Wb P78.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 6 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Lesson 7 Captain Cook (2)
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Ask a few quick questions round the class about the previous test:
Is Quebec in the USA or In Canada?
Was the Seven Years War between Britain and the USA or between Britain and France?
Which planet was going to pass between the earth and the sun?
Why did Captain Cook take lots of cabbage in vinegar on his expedition?
Why did he tale lots of vinegar as well?
Step 2. Presentation
1. Get the Ss to say why they can see on the map.
2. Tell the students to read the passage quickly to find the answer to these questions:
Which islands are mentioned in the text? (Tahiti, New Zealand, Austria, Tasmania, java, England)
Did Cook sail round the world from east to west, or from west to east? (From east to west)
Step 3. Scanning
Tell the students to read the text carefully and answer the questions on Wb P79. Do orally with the class.
Step 4. Language points
1 In July they set sail again and headed south and west in search of a new land.
(= In July they set off again, sailing south and west looking for a new land.)
七月，他們再度啟航，向南然后向西行駛，以尋找新的陸地。
① set sail 這個(gè)詞組字面上的意思是“揚(yáng)起船上的帆”，實(shí)際意思是“揚(yáng)帆啟航”。例如：The ship set sail for Africa. 船啟航去非洲。
Early in the morning, they set sail southward. 一清早，他們啟航向南行駛。
set v.放，置，擺，調(diào)節(jié)，指（日月）落了…… 它是個(gè)多義詞，構(gòu)成的詞組也較多，詞
組也一詞多義；要注意學(xué)習(xí)與區(qū)別。
It will be cooler when the sun has set (is set).太陽落山時(shí)就會(huì)涼快些。
He set the ladder against the wall.他把梯子靠墻放。
Please set (lay) the table for dinner.請把桌子擺好，準(zhǔn)備吃飯。
The newspaper article set me thinking.這份報(bào)子引起我的思考。
I set my watch by the time signal on the radio.我根據(jù)電臺的信號，對手表。
The teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.那個(gè)教師給考試出了些很難的題。
② head vi. 向...... 前進(jìn)，朝某方向行進(jìn)。后面接 for / toward 的介詞短語，或表示方向的副詞如 east, eastward 等。例如：
The ship is heading for Tianjin. 船正駛往天津。
They were then heading north. 他們當(dāng)時(shí)正在向北方行進(jìn)。
A warship is heading south toward Haiti. 一艘戰(zhàn)艦正向南駛往海地。
③ in search of 搜尋。常表示“著意尋求”，“努力尋找”這一層意思。例如：
Madame Curie worked day and night in search of the unknown matter. 居里夫人日夜工作，尋求這個(gè)未知的物質(zhì)。
He went to many places in search of a doctor who could cure his disease.他跑了很多地方，力求找到一個(gè)能為他治好病的醫(yī)生。
2 Other sailors had already charted parts of the west and north coasts of Australia and the island of Tasmania in the south, but Cook was the first to map the east coast. 別的水手以前就繪制了澳大利亞西海岸和北海岸的部分海圖，并且把南邊的塔斯馬尼亞島也繪制出來了，而庫克則是第一個(gè)繪制東海岸地圖的人。
chart 原為名詞（海圖）， map 原為名詞（地圖），但在本句中都已轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，作“繪制海圖/地圖”解。英語中，同一個(gè)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)變詞性，而詞義沒有多大改變。這在構(gòu)詞法中叫做詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞比較常見。下面是一些例詞：
back n.背 v.支持 battle n.戰(zhàn)斗 v.進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗
boat n.小船 v.劃船 cost n.費(fèi)用 v.花費(fèi)
date n.日期 v.約會(huì) drop n.（水）滴 v.落下
end n.末尾 v.終止 face n.面孔 v.面對
map v. to make a map of; show on a map繪制……的地圖，勘測
The explorer mapped the island they had discovered.
探險(xiǎn)家把他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的島嶼地圖繪制出來。
Cook was the first to map the east coast of Australia.
庫克是第一個(gè)把澳大利亞東岸地圖繪制出來的人。
3 They found Australia to be an astonishing land where the soil was red, bears climbed trees, birds ran but didn't fly and large animals jumped about on two legs carrying their young in a stomach pocket.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞是一個(gè)令人驚奇的地方，那兒的土壤是紅色的，熊會(huì)爬樹，鳥能跑而不能飛，有的大動(dòng)物兩條腿跳來跳去，肚子上有一個(gè)口袋，裝著幼仔。
① 動(dòng)詞 find 后跟不定式 to be 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) (find sth./sb. to be sth. / sb.) 意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)某事/ 某人是什么樣的事/人”。有時(shí)不定式to be 可以省略。例如：
Alice found the place to be a new and strange place. 發(fā)現(xiàn)那是一個(gè)新奇的地方。
The children found the story to be a very interesting one.發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)故事非常有趣。
We found him to be the right man to do the job.發(fā)現(xiàn)他是干這個(gè)工作的最恰當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?/p>
I found her (to be) careless about her dress. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她并不講究衣著。
② astonishing 令人驚奇的。這是動(dòng)詞 astonish （使驚奇）的-ing 形式，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。下面是幾個(gè)類似的例詞：
excite (使激動(dòng)) --exciting (news) 令人激動(dòng)的（消息）；
move (使感動(dòng)) -- moving (stories) 令人感動(dòng)的（故事）；
interest (使有興趣) -- interesting (things) 有趣的（事情）；
disappoint (使失望) -- a disappointing (trip) 令人失望的（旅行）；
surprise (使驚奇) -- a surprising (success ) 出人意外的（成功）。
③ ... birds ran but didn't fly ... 中的 birds 是指鴯鹋(emu ['i:mju:])，形狀像駝鳥。
4 Next they sailed up the east coast between the mainland and the Great Barrier Reef. 此后，他們沿東海岸而上，航行在大陸和大堡礁之間。
澳大利亞東北部沿海地區(qū)，有一列南北延伸長達(dá)2,000公里以上，東西寬2-150公里的大堡礁（珊瑚礁），是地球上最大的暗礁。船舶經(jīng)此，只能沿著幾條彎曲而危險(xiǎn)的通道航行。
5. 2 Language study
Sentence 1: remember doing / to do sth
I remember telling her all about it. (= I remember that I told her all about it)
I remember to tell her all about it. (=I will not forget to tell her all about it)
Sentence 3. stop doing / to do sth
He ran for while, and then stopped running.
He ran for a while, and then stopped to looked around.
Sentence 4: try doing / to do sth
Try putting in some more vinegar. That might make it taste a bit better.
Would you try to work out this maths problem?
6. 4 Practice
Sentence 1. raise / rise
raise 是個(gè)多義詞。主要有： to lift up舉起，抬起，增加，提高/to produce, or cause to grow飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)，種植 / to get or bring together籌集
She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她豎起手指，舉到唇邊，示意要安靜。
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.風(fēng)把落葉從地上卷了起來。
The manager said he would raise your pay.經(jīng)理說他要給你長工資。
He raised the children by himself；his wife died years ago.
是他一手把孩子們撫養(yǎng)成人的。他妻子幾年前就去世了。
His wife raised the money by selling her jewelry.他妻子賣了首飾才把錢籌夠了。
rise是不及物動(dòng)詞。作起身講時(shí)是get up和stand up的正式用語。
I used to like seeing the sun rise.
The old man rose from his seat.
The book has risen in value.
注意：raise作名詞時(shí)，意為：增加，加薪（用于美國英語，相當(dāng)于英國英語的rise）
lift作名詞時(shí)，意為：升，電梯，搭便車
rise作名詞時(shí)，是上升，升起，還可指"數(shù)量，價(jià)值，程度"的增加，上漲。
They demanded a raise from the company.
We got a lift part of the way in a truck.
You had better take the lift to the tenth floor.
Step 5. Practice---- grammar revision
SB P11, Part 2~5,
Step 8. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 7, Ex. 2~3.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 7 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the grammar of ing form.
(3) What can we learn from Captain Cook/this lesson?
Lesson 8
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the previous two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 134 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 2 with the students. Get the students to make up sentences using the useful expressions if time permits.
Step 4. Practice
SB P12, Part 2. Read the instructions and get students to fill in the blanks with the words of proper tenses.
Step 5. Writing
SB P12, Part 3. Read the instructions and tell the students to develop a paragraph by using given phrases below and use the ing form that we have just learned.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 8. Ex. 1~3.
Homework
(1) Finish off the wb exercises of Lesson 8.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3) Writing: use the information in Step 5 in Lesson 7 and write a passage about Captain Cook.
典型例題分析
例1 單項(xiàng)選擇：
I have written him a letter and suggested ______ it to Tagore.
A．him to sending
B．him to send
C．that he sending
D．that he send
分析 此題中正確答案是D(that be send),suggest意為建議，提出建議，后接that從句，從句謂語用should +動(dòng)詞原形或單用動(dòng)同原形。選項(xiàng)C是錯(cuò)誤搭配。suggest后可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，用his sending。選項(xiàng)A和B都是錯(cuò)誤搭配。如：
①I suggest that he(should) go for a drive. 我建議他去驅(qū)車旅行。
②We suggest your leaving early for the station. 我們建議你早動(dòng)身去車站。
例2 單項(xiàng)選擇：
Try ______ in some more vinegar----that might make it ______ a bit better.
A．to put…taste
B．putting…to taste
C．putting…taste
D．to put…to taste
分析 此題中正確答案是C(putting…taste), try后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語意為試做，試一試，看發(fā)生什么情況，因此用putting, make +n./pron. +不帶to的不定式，因此用taste。選項(xiàng)A和B分別有半個(gè)答案錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)D的答案不合搭配關(guān)系。如：
①We tried doing it in a different way.我們試著用另一種方式做。
②Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
如果前門沒有人回話，試著敲后門。
③What makes her tremble so? 為什么她如此顫抖？
④People who won't work should be made to work. 應(yīng)迫使不愿工作的人工作。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)中后要用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式）
例3 單句改錯(cuò)：
The wind rose the fallen leaves from the ground.
分析 此題中rose是錯(cuò)誤答案，應(yīng)改為raised。rise(vi.)意為升起提高，上升，后面不能接賓語。
raise(vt.)意為使……升起，把……舉起，后接賓語。如：
①So he raised his glass and cried:“Your health, Carl.”
他于是舉起酒杯，喊道，“祝你健康，卡爾！”
②She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.
她把手指舉向嘴唇，作出請安靜的暗示。
例4 單句改錯(cuò)：
New York is a city worth of visiting.
分析 此題中應(yīng)去掉介詞of。（be)worth doing sth.意為值得做某件事，在句中可作表語或定語。短語be worthy of + n. 意為值得，配得上。如：
①His suggestion is well worth considering, isn't it? 他的建議很值得考慮，是吧？（表示很值得做某事用be well worth doing sth.,不能用be very/be very much worth doing sth.）
②His behaviour is worthy of great praise.他的行為值得稱贊。
例5 單句改錯(cuò)：
I am astonishing to hear a man of your age and good sense talking in that romantic way.
分析 此題中astonishing應(yīng)改為astonished，現(xiàn)在分詞意為令人驚奇的，過去分詞表示處于驚奇狀態(tài)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語或that從句。類似動(dòng)詞還有disappoint, excite, move, interest等。如：
①I'm astonished that he didn't come. 我對他沒有來很驚奇。
②Are you very disappointed about/at losing the race?
你對比賽失敗很失望嗎？
③They were surprised to hear the news. 他們聽到消息很驚奇。
高考真題選講
題1 ----The light in the office is still on.
----Oh, I forgot ______ .（91年高考題）
A．turning it off
B．turn it off
C．to turn it off
D．having turned it off
分析forget doing sth. 意為“忘了曾經(jīng)做過某事”，forget to do sth.意為“忘記去做某事”。因此C為最佳答案。
題2 單項(xiàng)選擇：
She insisted ______ silence.
A．that Helen keeps
B．on Helen keeping
C．upon Helen to keep
D． if Helen keep
分析此題中正確答案是 B(on Helen keeping), insist意為堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決主張，后接on/upon +動(dòng)詞-ing形式，動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語用名詞普通格人稱代詞賓格或物主代詞。insist后接that從句，從句謂語用虛擬語氣，故選項(xiàng)A不合題義。選項(xiàng)D雖用虛擬語氣，但if從句不合題義，選項(xiàng)C也不符合搭配關(guān)系。如：
①We must insist on state help being given to the actual producers.我們應(yīng)堅(jiān)決主張給實(shí)際生產(chǎn)者以政府幫助。
②I ought to have insisted on your taking a thorough rest.
我本應(yīng)堅(jiān)持要你徹底休息。
③We insisted that he be present.我們力主他出席。