Lesson 57
1. Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 波爾先生剛剛來(lái)拜會(huì)了朱太太向她轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了一個(gè)口信. call on sb. = to visit sb. formally拜訪; 去會(huì)見(jiàn)某人;(正式) = drop in on sb.(非正式); 例如: Tom called on Dick at his office yesterday afternoon. 湯姆昨天下午到迪克的辦公室去拜訪了他. She called on her teacher once a month. 她每月去拜會(huì)她的老師一次. call on sb. to do sth. 叫/ 請(qǐng)某人干某事; 號(hào)召某人干某事; 例如: The chairman of the meeting called on Dr. Smith to speak. 會(huì)議主席請(qǐng)史密斯博士講話(huà). Many of the songs called on the workers to take up the struggle. 那些歌曲中有許多是號(hào)召工人們堅(jiān)持斗爭(zhēng)的. call in召來(lái); call for要求; call back回電話(huà); call at some place訪問(wèn); 探視某地 = drop in at some place 例如: He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. King was better. 下班后他去了醫(yī)院想看看 “金先生”是否好了些.
2. He is here on a visit from Guangzhou. 他從廣州來(lái)此地參觀.
3. I ‘ve got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我有一些私人事務(wù)非處理不可. 1). affairs n. 重大而復(fù)雜的事; 例如: affairs of states國(guó)家事務(wù); foreign affairs外交事務(wù); 而business則指 “一般性事務(wù), 尤指商務(wù).” 例如: Let’s get down to business. 我們來(lái)談?wù)掳? *** affairs用復(fù)數(shù), 而business不用復(fù)數(shù). 2). see to處理(某事); 負(fù)責(zé)做(某事); 照顧(某人); 例如: Who is seeing to the arrangements for the next meeting? 誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)下次會(huì)議? I’ll see to the actual business. 實(shí)際工作我會(huì)去做的. See to the fire. 當(dāng)心煙火.
4. Mrs. Zhu, I called to tell you that the conference has been delayed until the 15th and 16th. 朱太太, 我來(lái)此告訴你大會(huì)已經(jīng)被推遲到十五日和十六日了. delay vt. 推遲; vi. 使遲到; 耽擱; 例如: We delayed the meeting for a week. 我們把會(huì)議推遲了一周. ***只能說(shuō)delay doing sth. 不能說(shuō)delay to do sth. 再如: She delayed for two hours and missed the train. 她耽擱了兩個(gè)小時(shí)誤了火車(chē). They are trying to delay until help arrives. 他們?cè)O(shè)法拖延, 等待援助到來(lái).
5. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office.. 我本打算昨天告訴你, 但你不在辦公室. Mean to do sth. 意欲; 打算干某事; 例如: I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我并不是打算要傷害你的. Mean doing sth. 意味著做某事; 例如: If you accept the job, that means moving to another city. 如果你接受那件工作, 那就意味著你要搬家到另一個(gè)城市去. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力.
6. It’s time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.= It’s time for me to go and pick up my little girl from school. 我該去學(xué)校接我小女兒了. 1). It’s time that + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 / 或 should + 動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略) +其它 例如: It’s time we started our class. 我們?cè)撋险n了. It’s time that you should go to bed / went to bed. 你該去睡覺(jué)了. 2). pick up接(某人)上車(chē); 撿起某物; (天氣, 身體, 形勢(shì)等)好轉(zhuǎn); 聽(tīng)見(jiàn); 學(xué)會(huì)(語(yǔ)言); 例如: I’ll pick you up at your place at 8 o’clock. 我八點(diǎn)鐘去你那兒接你. Her health soon picked up after a few days rest. 休息了幾天之后, 他的身體很快復(fù)元了. The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. 設(shè)備接受到了衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號(hào). She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她去法國(guó)定居后很快就學(xué)會(huì)了法語(yǔ).
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<<陳老師課堂>>重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 高二英語(yǔ) Unit 15
Lesson 58
1. Well known from his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他在探索方面的足智多謀是廣為人知的，他能夠幫助許多人解決他們的私人事務(wù). 1). well known for his expert advice = as he was well known for his expert advice. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ), 說(shuō)明句子的謂語(yǔ)was able to help的原因, 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)可以表示原因，時(shí)間，條件. 例如: Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 由于出生在一個(gè)貧困的家庭中, 他只上過(guò)兩年學(xué). (原因) Encouraged by Jim’s words, he continued his research work. 受到了吉姆鼓勵(lì), 他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行他的研究工作. (原因) Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 從山頂上往下看這個(gè)城市非常美. (時(shí)間/條件) 2). expert advice內(nèi)行的意見(jiàn), expert n.專(zhuān)家; adj. 內(nèi)行的; 常與at, in連用. 例如: All the young men are expert drivers. 所有的這些年輕人都是駕駛能手. An expert at / in cooking一位烹調(diào)方面的專(zhuān)家; an expert on foreign affairs一位外交專(zhuān)家.
2. One day a young lady came to visit Sherlock Holmes with a personal problem 有一天，一位年輕的女士帶著她的私人問(wèn)題來(lái)拜訪舍洛克福爾摩斯. 1). personal affairs 私人事務(wù); personal letters私人信件; 2). visit n. vt. 參觀; 訪問(wèn); pay / make a visit to sb. / some place訪問(wèn)某人 / 參觀某地; be on a visit to sb / some place 訪問(wèn)某人 / 參觀某地; 名詞visit后面必須接介詞to再接人 / 地方. 例如: They paid a visit to london last year. 他們?nèi)ツ暝L問(wèn)了倫敦. He left here on a visit to France. 他離開(kāi)此地去法國(guó)訪問(wèn).
3. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of a metallic noise. 她經(jīng)常在夜里聽(tīng)到長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的低沉的口哨和金屬的響聲. would與used to的區(qū)別: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作, 它與used to的區(qū)別是: would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作, 不表示狀態(tài). 它常帶有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 因此不涉及與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比. 而used to則表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的事或存在的狀況, 言下之意是現(xiàn)在大不相同了. 試請(qǐng)比較下面兩組句子: 1. When we were children we would go swimming every summer. 小時(shí)候我們每年夏天都去游泳. (現(xiàn)在很可能在夏天還去游泳) He used to be a quiet boy. 他過(guò)去曾是個(gè)安靜的男孩. (現(xiàn)在不安靜) 2. I used to go to my office on foot. 我過(guò)去步行去上班. (現(xiàn)在乘坐交通工具) He would often climb a mountain when young. 他年輕時(shí)經(jīng)常去爬山. (現(xiàn)在很可能還經(jīng)常去爬山)
4. Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely towards her 她叔叔對(duì)她的態(tài)度似乎很怪. act vi. 行為; 舉止;（翻譯比較靈活）例如: The boy was acting badly in school. 這孩子過(guò)去在學(xué)校一直表現(xiàn)很壞. He is more than forty but acts like a child. 他已經(jīng)四十多歲了，但舉止仍像個(gè)孩子. My grandma acted kindly towards / to my sister and me. 我奶奶對(duì)我和姐姐很親切. act wrongly to sb. 對(duì)待某人不公正; act strangely to sb. 對(duì)待某人陰陽(yáng)怪氣的;
5. They have ever quarrelled several times 他們甚至還吵了好幾次架. quarrel vi. 吵架; 爭(zhēng)吵; 挑毛病; 例如: We don’t like him, he is always quarrelling with people. 我們不喜歡他, 他總是和人吵架. It is no use quarrelling about it with me. 這事情與我吵架沒(méi)有用處
6. I dare say my uncle will. 我相信我叔叔會(huì)得到這筆錢(qián). I dare say … 在句中可做主句或插入語(yǔ). 例如: I dare say that no one can catch up with us. 我相信沒(méi)有人能趕上我們. I dare
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say that we will certainly win the game. 我相信我們將贏得比賽. These young students, I dare say, can pass the entrance examination. 這些學(xué)生能夠通過(guò)入學(xué)考試, 我相信.
7. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. 我看到繩子是系在洞口旁邊的釘子上, 而不是系在那根鐵絲上. fasten vt. 固定某物. 例如: Please fasten your seat-belts. 請(qǐng)系好安全帶. Have you fastened all the doors and windows ? 你把所有的門(mén)窗都關(guān)嚴(yán)了嗎? fasten A and B; fasten sth. on / to sth. 把某物固定在另一物上; 把兩物牢牢地聯(lián)在一起; 例如: He fastened the two sheets of paper with a pin. 他用大頭針把兩張紙釘在一起. He fastened his eyes on me . 他緊緊盯著我.
8. A few building repairs were done a month ago. 一個(gè)月前房子進(jìn)行了幾處維修. do repairs / make repairs維修; 修理; 例如: The swimming pool will not be open to the public this week, for the workers are making repairs. 游泳池本周將不對(duì)外開(kāi)放, 因?yàn)楣と藗冋诟銉?nèi)部裝修. Repairs done while you wait. 修理迅速, 立等可取.
9. Your life is in danger. There is no doubt about it. 你有生命危險(xiǎn), 這是肯定無(wú)疑的. 1). there is no doubt about it. 這個(gè)句型表示某人對(duì)某事有把握, 毫不懷疑. 例如: We will be successful. There is no doubt about it. 我們將取得成功, 這是肯定無(wú)疑的. 2). There is no doubt + that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句. 例如: There is no doubt that he will come in time. 他將及時(shí)到來(lái), 這是肯定無(wú)疑的. There is no doubt that your life is in danger. 你有生命危險(xiǎn), 這是肯定無(wú)疑的. 3). doubt n. 懷疑; 不確定; 例如: There is not much doubt about it . 這事沒(méi)有什么可疑之處. vt. 懷疑; 例如: Do you doubt my words? 你懷疑我說(shuō)的話(huà)? I don’t doubt that he will come on time. 我確信他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)到的. I doubt whether he’ll come. 我不確定他是否會(huì)來(lái). *** doubt后面的賓語(yǔ)從句, 如主句是肯定的, 則引導(dǎo)詞可用if / whether; 如主句是否定的, 則用that . 4) . 有關(guān)doubt的習(xí)語(yǔ): in doubt 不確定; no doubt確實(shí); with doubt不確定; beyond all doubt 無(wú)疑; 例如: His recovery is still in doubt. 他能否恢復(fù)健康還說(shuō)不定. Wang Shaohe is no doubt the cleverest student in our school. 王少鶴無(wú)疑是我校最聰明的學(xué)生. Deng Yaping was beyond all doubt the best table tennis player of her day. 鄧亞萍無(wú)疑是她那個(gè)時(shí)代最優(yōu)勢(shì)的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員.
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<<陳老師課堂>>重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 高二英語(yǔ) Unit 15
Lesson 59
1. From that moment on they sat in silence. 自那以后他們就默不作聲地坐著. 1). 介詞短語(yǔ)from that moment on從那時(shí)起; from now on從現(xiàn)在起; from today on從今天起; from next month on從下個(gè)月起; 例句: From that time on he showed great interest in music. 從那時(shí)起他就對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣了. 2). in silence = silently沉默地; 不聲不響地; 例如: The students sat there in silence. 學(xué)生們默不著聲地坐在那兒. Father likes to listen to music in silence. 爸爸喜歡默不著聲地聽(tīng)音樂(lè).
2. A pale light came through the hole in the wall. 一道微弱的燈光從墻洞里透了過(guò)來(lái). pale 淡暗的 bright 明亮的; 例如: After illness, Blanche looked pale. 病后, 布蘭齊臉色蒼白. The pale moon was reflected in the water. 淡淡的月亮倒影在水中.
3. With his stick he hit the bell rope again and again with heavy blows. 他用手杖一次又一次重重地敲打著鈴繩. 1). again and again 反復(fù)地; 一再地; 例如: I told them again and again that they couldn’t do that. 我再三地告訴他們不能做那樣的事情. 2). with heavy blows 重重地敲打; blow n. 打擊; 打; (可數(shù)名詞); vi 吹; 刮; 例如: The policeman struck him a blow that sent him to the ground. 警察一下把他打倒在地上. I gave the man a heavy blow on the head. 我狠狠地在那個(gè)人頭上打了一下. The wind was blowing hard that night. 那天夜里風(fēng)刮得很大. 3). hit 打中; 擊中; strike 用力敲打; beat 連續(xù)地?fù)舸? 例如: He struck the table angrily. 他怒氣沖沖猛拍桌子. A stone hit him on the head. 一顆石子打中了他的頭部. The rain beat the windows heavily. 雨點(diǎn)重重地?fù)舸蛑皯?hù).
4. They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. 他們強(qiáng)行沖進(jìn)叔父的臥室，發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地上，已經(jīng)死了. break into = to enter by force 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入; 闖入; 例如: The thief broke into the bank and stole a lot of money. 那個(gè)賊闖進(jìn)銀行, 偷走了許多錢(qián). We had to break into the house because we had lost the key . 因?yàn)槲覀儊G了鑰匙, 我們只好破門(mén)而入了.
5. Around his head was a brown snake. 一條棕色的蛇纏住了他的頭. 狀語(yǔ)前置時(shí)需要例置主語(yǔ)名詞和謂語(yǔ). 例如: In front of the house sat a little boy. 門(mén)前坐著一位小男孩. Along the road stands rows of tall trees. 沿途長(zhǎng)著一排排高大的樹(shù)木. Into the forest flew the birds. 鳥(niǎo)兒 “嗖” 地一下子飛入樹(shù)林子不見(jiàn)了.
6. The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年輕的女士一聽(tīng)到響聲就沖進(jìn)房間. immediately she heard the noise = as soon as she heard the noise; 句中的immediately可以充當(dāng)連詞, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句. 例如: The students ran out of the classroom immediately the bell rang. 鈴一響, 學(xué)生們就跑出了教室. 另外 the moment; every time; each time也可用著連語(yǔ), 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句.
7. You were supposed to die like that. 你本該象這樣死去. be supposed to …應(yīng)該……; 理應(yīng)……; 例如: My brother is supposed to wash dishes today. 今天該我弟弟涮碗. She is supposed to be reading at home, but her mother found her in the park. 她今天本應(yīng)在家學(xué)習(xí), 但她母親卻在公園里發(fā)現(xiàn)了她. be not supposed to do sth. 不可以做某事; 例如: You are not supposed to go there. 你不能去那兒.
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<<陳老師課堂>>重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 高二英語(yǔ) Unit 15
Lesson 60
Language Study
過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式. 其主要特點(diǎn)是表示被動(dòng)與完成. 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方式: 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般在動(dòng)詞原形上加-ed; 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞可以參照不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表. 過(guò)去分詞在句中具有形容詞和副詞的作用或性質(zhì). 可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).
1. 過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ):
過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞, 單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的詞的前面, 但是其短語(yǔ)形式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在被修飾的詞的后面. 過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ), 在意義上相當(dāng)于謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句. 例如:
His father is a retired worker. 他的父親是一位退休工人.
I have his written promise. 我有他的書(shū)面諾言.
This is boiled water. 這是開(kāi)水.
Those are finished products. 那些是成品.
He is a young teacher (who is) loved by all. 他是一個(gè)年輕老師, 大家都喜歡他
The polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 被污染的空氣和水對(duì)健康有害.
I hate to see letters (which were) written in pencil.我討厭看用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信.
2. 過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ):
過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞, 可用來(lái)做狀語(yǔ), 通常表示時(shí)間, 原因, 條件, 或伴隨情況(行為方式)等. 例如:
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 從山上看這座城市顯得很美麗.
Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的話(huà)所感動(dòng)我接受了他的禮物.
Injured in the leg, he couldn’t walk any further. 大腿受了傷, 他幾乎一步也走不了了.
Deeply moved by what he said, I promised to help him. 我為他的話(huà)深深打動(dòng), 答應(yīng)幫他.
Given more time, we could do it better. 給我們更多的時(shí)間, 我們能做得更好.
United we stand, divided we failed. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存, 分裂則亡.
The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老師站在那兒, 身旁圍著許多學(xué)生.
The glass fell to the ground broken into pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上摔得粉碎.
We went home exhausted. 我們疲憊不堪地回家了. (方式)
He won’t come to the party unless invited. 除非邀請(qǐng)否則他不會(huì)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)的.
We will not attack unless attacked. 人不犯我, 我不犯人.
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