陳衛(wèi)鋒
一、教材分析
（一）單元背景分析
隨著人們物質(zhì)文化生活水平的提高，曾經(jīng)一度被忽視的環(huán)境已日益為人們所關(guān)注，從某種程度上說(shuō)，環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣已成為衡量生活質(zhì)量高低、社會(huì)進(jìn)步程度的標(biāo)志。相對(duì)文物而言，其環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣同樣影響文物存在的質(zhì)量。然而，在環(huán)保意識(shí)不斷提升的今天，文物環(huán)境并沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。
文物保存環(huán)境是指文物所在的空間及可以直接或間接影響文物保存的各種自然因素和人為因素。在我國(guó)，由于受經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的制約，自然環(huán)境質(zhì)量的惡化，加上人文環(huán)境的影響，文物劣化速度不斷加劇，由于環(huán)境造成對(duì)文物毀壞的例子屢見(jiàn)不鮮，如石質(zhì)文物風(fēng)化、金屬文物腐蝕、紙張酸度增加、壁（彩）畫(huà)褪色等等。
文物是祖先留給我們的無(wú)價(jià)之寶，是金錢(qián)買(mǎi)不到的。日用品壞了，可以再生產(chǎn)制造，文物卻不同，它不能再生產(chǎn)，再生產(chǎn)出的東西不是文物，是仿制品或贗品，是沒(méi)有任何文物價(jià)值的。文物一旦損壞，就永遠(yuǎn)不能復(fù)原。沒(méi)有眾多的文物史跡，文明古國(guó)也就名存實(shí)亡，失去其傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)采和內(nèi)涵。文物受損后再修復(fù)是被動(dòng)性的保護(hù)措施，而主動(dòng)性的保護(hù)就是創(chuàng)造良好的文物保存環(huán)境，防治文物受損才是上策。保護(hù)文物環(huán)境，實(shí)際上就是保護(hù)文物古跡本身。整治環(huán)境不是一件小事，保護(hù)文物環(huán)境更不是一件容易的事，惟其艱難，需要文物部門(mén)付出更多的努力，同時(shí)也需要政府和社會(huì)的更多支持。所以，我們要好好愛(ài)護(hù)文物。
（二）教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元話(huà)題--文物古跡（Cultural relics ）歷來(lái)是全世界較為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之一，尤其是在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，大量代表古人類(lèi)文明的文物、古跡慘遭破壞，甚至毀滅！本單元所采用話(huà)題構(gòu)成了一個(gè)現(xiàn)代意義十足的時(shí)尚理念，能夠充分喚起學(xué)生的參與欲望。單元內(nèi)容極具生活化，富有活力，體現(xiàn)了本套新教材的一個(gè)重要特征，即緊扣時(shí)代脈搏，富有時(shí)代氣息。Listening 開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山向我們介紹三個(gè)cultural sites，并要求根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容熟悉各自的重要性，以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)這些文物古跡所采取的措施；Speaking則要求我們制作一個(gè)即將被送入太空的、內(nèi)含能代表中國(guó)文化的五件物品的“cultural capsule”，讓學(xué)生成為主體，充分發(fā)揮他們的思維、展示他們無(wú)限的想象力；Reading通過(guò)對(duì)俄羅斯著名城市--圣彼得堡有關(guān)史實(shí)的介紹，以“A City of Heroes”為標(biāo)題謳歌了圣市人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)歷史文物和重建家園所作的一切；Writing進(jìn)一步要求學(xué)生以主人翁的姿態(tài)致信報(bào)社編輯，反映當(dāng)?shù)匚奈锕袍E遭損受毀的情況，呼吁全社會(huì)行動(dòng)起來(lái)，為保護(hù)人類(lèi)文明遺產(chǎn)盡一份力。整個(gè)單元自始自終圍繞保護(hù)代表人類(lèi)歷史與文明的文物古跡這一主線(xiàn)。話(huà)題反映了《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》所提出的“向?qū)W生滲透人文理念和注重對(duì)學(xué)生文化意識(shí)的熏陶”要求，非常具有現(xiàn)實(shí)教育意義，教師利用素材不但可以傳授英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，而且可以在教學(xué)過(guò)程中通過(guò)滲透的方式將文物保護(hù)知識(shí)有機(jī)地滲透于每堂課的課堂教學(xué)之中，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生愛(ài)護(hù)人類(lèi)文明、保護(hù)文物古跡、熱愛(ài)偉大祖國(guó)的思想品德。
（三）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)
1. Functional Items：Ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
2. Topic：Talking about cultural relics, including ways of protecting them.
3. Word-formation：“re + V.”（eg. rebuild, replaced, recreate）.
4. Key words and expressions：select, represent, in history, be kept as, give in(up), in ruins,
in pieces, bring … back to life, etc
5. Structure (Grammar)：The Passive Voice (I) - The Present Perfect Passive Voice
6. Writing：Write a letter to the editor on a certain cultural site, suggesting ways of
protecting the cultural relics.
【 “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”是中學(xué)階段英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，不過(guò)學(xué)生在初中階段已學(xué)過(guò)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，本單元可以作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)鞏固來(lái)處理。】
總之，本單元通過(guò)語(yǔ)法、功能項(xiàng)目與新話(huà)題的有機(jī)結(jié)合，充分體現(xiàn)《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》“以學(xué)生為本，以學(xué)生的發(fā)展為本” 之要求。
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
（一）語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)
本單元要求學(xué)生除掌握必要的單詞、詞組和句型外，同時(shí)要求學(xué)生掌握一定量表達(dá)“提建議或勸告”的交際功能用語(yǔ)，以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
（二）語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)
通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)”的技能，使學(xué)生能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決相關(guān)情景中的一些類(lèi)似問(wèn)題，并能結(jié)合所給任務(wù)，綜合運(yùn)用新舊知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題，完成任務(wù)，在此基礎(chǔ)上鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽地根據(jù)各自的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)與能力，有個(gè)性地解決問(wèn)題，就如何最有效地保護(hù)文物古跡提出獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解。
（三）情感目標(biāo)
1）激發(fā)并提高學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，樂(lè)于接受新鮮事物，勇于嘗 試；體現(xiàn)課堂教學(xué)“主體者”的身份，積極主動(dòng)參與教學(xué)各環(huán)節(jié)，成為學(xué)習(xí)的主人；具有個(gè)性，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造能力。
2）培養(yǎng)同學(xué)之間日常融洽相處的感情，樂(lè)于合作，善于與人分享喜好，培養(yǎng)正確的審美觀(guān)和價(jià)值觀(guān)。
3）培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有良好的文明習(xí)慣，具有文物保護(hù)意識(shí)。
（四）教學(xué)策略
1）開(kāi)放式教學(xué)策略。以有限的課堂為載體，帶學(xué)生進(jìn)入廣闊的知識(shí)天地。
2）引趣激趣策略。創(chuàng)設(shè)多種情景（境）激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，只有讓學(xué)生真正有了參與的欲望，才能點(diǎn)燃他們的思維火花。
3）任務(wù)型活動(dòng)策略。在做中學(xué)，在做中練，在做中鞏固，往往會(huì)使課堂教學(xué)產(chǎn)生事半功倍的良好效果。
4）循序漸進(jìn)和尊重差異策略。由簡(jiǎn)到繁，由難及易，為有困難的學(xué)生搭好梯子，讓有能力的學(xué)生“跳一跳”摘到果子。
（五）學(xué)習(xí)策略
1）課前認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí)，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或其他媒體收集國(guó)內(nèi)外文物古跡以及有關(guān)文物保護(hù)信息，課后能及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)。
2）上課勤思考，多動(dòng)腦，掌握所學(xué)詞匯，熱情、積極、主動(dòng)參與課堂上各種活動(dòng)。
3）注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，及時(shí)提問(wèn)并注意傾聽(tīng)他人意見(jiàn)。
4）確立“學(xué)用英語(yǔ)相結(jié)合”的思想，用英語(yǔ)開(kāi)展思維，分析（復(fù)述）課文、發(fā)表個(gè)人看法、提出獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解等。
（六）文化意識(shí)
1）了解文物古跡所折射出的不同時(shí)期、不同地區(qū)的特殊文化內(nèi)涵。
�。玻┡囵B(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的社會(huì)公德意識(shí)，樹(shù)立文物保護(hù)意識(shí)。
三、教學(xué)原則
（一）以任務(wù)型教學(xué) (Task-based Language Teaching)作為課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)之理念，具體采用情景教學(xué)法（Situational Approach），交際教學(xué)法（Communicative Approach），整體語(yǔ)言教學(xué)法（Whole Language Teaching）等教學(xué)方法。從一定程度上說(shuō)，人們使用語(yǔ)言是為了完成各種各樣的任務(wù)，而任務(wù)型的教學(xué)活動(dòng)就是讓學(xué)習(xí)者通過(guò)運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言來(lái)完成各種各樣的交際活動(dòng)。學(xué)習(xí)者通過(guò)表達(dá)、溝通、交涉、解釋、詢(xún)問(wèn)等各種語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)和掌握語(yǔ)言，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，感受成功。
（二）在教學(xué)中突出交際性，注重讀寫(xiě)的實(shí)用性；同時(shí)適時(shí)進(jìn)行情感與策略調(diào)整，以形成積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的提高。
（三）堅(jiān)持“教師為主導(dǎo)，學(xué)生為主體，任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)”的教學(xué)原則，在課堂教學(xué)的不同環(huán)節(jié)教師應(yīng)扮演自身作為“設(shè)計(jì)者，研究者，組織者，促進(jìn)者，協(xié)調(diào)者”的角色。
（四）貫徹“教中學(xué)，學(xué)中用”策略，真正使學(xué)生學(xué)以致用。
四、教學(xué)總體設(shè)計(jì)
（一）創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，營(yíng)造氛圍，體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的真實(shí)性
語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的最終目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的言語(yǔ)技能。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言本身的交際性原則，本單元教學(xué)緊緊圍繞３P（Presentation-Practice-Production）教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，充分運(yùn)用情景教學(xué)法、交際法、啟發(fā)法等教學(xué)方法，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中充分展示其所學(xué)知識(shí)。如針對(duì)本地區(qū)旅游業(yè)的不斷開(kāi)發(fā)給文物古跡保護(hù)所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，要求學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)如何采取相應(yīng)的保護(hù)措施等。
（二）采用“任務(wù)型”教學(xué)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)能力
本單元每堂課采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)，模擬真實(shí)生活中的任務(wù)，任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)注重由簡(jiǎn)到繁，由易到難，層層深入，形成由初級(jí)任務(wù)到高級(jí)任務(wù)并由高級(jí)任務(wù)涵蓋初級(jí)任務(wù)的循環(huán)；同時(shí)多樣化的任務(wù)又由課內(nèi)延伸至課外，不僅可拓展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，更可培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，從而提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。
（三）面向全體學(xué)生，關(guān)注學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展
經(jīng)常性地開(kāi)展pair work、group work、class performance，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)體合作精神。
五、評(píng)價(jià)手段與操作方式
我國(guó)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)方式過(guò)多地依賴(lài)于終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)，無(wú)論是學(xué)生、教師還是家長(zhǎng)，更多地是以學(xué)生的外語(yǔ)考試成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)判學(xué)生外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)能力的高低。這種不科學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)方式使相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生喪失了學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的自信心和積極性，極大地降低了外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的效率；同時(shí)也造成了課堂教學(xué)幾乎完全圍繞考試內(nèi)容來(lái)進(jìn)行，語(yǔ)法教學(xué)、題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)充斥外語(yǔ)課堂等不正常的現(xiàn)象。《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》則強(qiáng)調(diào)“建立促進(jìn)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展的評(píng)價(jià)體系。評(píng)價(jià)不僅要關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)，而且要發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展學(xué)生多方面的潛能，了解學(xué)生發(fā)展中的需求，幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)自我，建立自信。發(fā)揮評(píng)價(jià)的教育功能，促進(jìn)學(xué)生在原有水平上的發(fā)展。”同時(shí)“建立促進(jìn)教師不斷提高的評(píng)價(jià)體系。強(qiáng)調(diào)教師對(duì)自己教學(xué)行為的分析與反思，建立以教師自評(píng)為主，校長(zhǎng)、教師、學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)共同參與的評(píng)價(jià)制度，使教師從多種渠道獲得信息，不斷提高教學(xué)水平�！币虼�，教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)既要關(guān)注效果，又要關(guān)注過(guò)程，應(yīng)是兩者的結(jié)合，既行為評(píng)價(jià)（也稱(chēng)非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)）與終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)（也稱(chēng)測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)）相結(jié)合。
（一）行為評(píng)價(jià)（非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)）：本單元通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生課堂回答教師提問(wèn)情況、對(duì)話(huà)表演的參與程度及學(xué)生反應(yīng)、話(huà)題表達(dá)（如討論利弊）的創(chuàng)新性及針對(duì)性、與他人的合作協(xié)作精神及學(xué)生個(gè)體的書(shū)面作業(yè)等行為，對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力、學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、團(tuán)體合作精神及創(chuàng)新意識(shí)等做出過(guò)程性評(píng)價(jià)。這種評(píng)價(jià)有助于老師發(fā)現(xiàn)每位學(xué)生的閃光點(diǎn)，及時(shí)肯定、表?yè)P(yáng)，也可讓更多的學(xué)生體驗(yàn)成功的喜悅，體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的“全員”意識(shí)，利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。具體操作時(shí)，老師設(shè)計(jì)如下表格，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)定。
表一：課堂活動(dòng)配合及對(duì)話(huà)表演反饋表
日期 課堂活動(dòng)內(nèi)容
姓名 評(píng)價(jià)等第 評(píng) 語(yǔ)
Student A
S- B
S- C
【注：評(píng)價(jià)等第為（優(yōu)秀、良好、一般、需努力）】
表二：小組活動(dòng)記錄反饋表
組員姓名 日期 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容
評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容 1．參與程度 2．與組員配合 3．動(dòng)作表演 4．課堂效果反應(yīng) 5．語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào) 6．語(yǔ)言表述
個(gè)人自我評(píng)價(jià)
小組評(píng)價(jià)
教師評(píng)價(jià)
【注：評(píng)價(jià)等第為（積極 / 優(yōu)秀、尚積極 / 良好、一般、不參與 / 需努力）】
（二）終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)（測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)）：通過(guò)單元檢測(cè)形式來(lái)了解學(xué)生在本單元中學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)際程度，通過(guò)整體效果和個(gè)體效果的綜合分析，利于教師在下一單元教學(xué)中及時(shí)調(diào)整教學(xué)策略。
（終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)：略）
六、單元教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（課時(shí)計(jì)劃及操作步驟）
依據(jù)《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》及對(duì)學(xué)生教學(xué)目標(biāo)的要求，課堂教學(xué)中充分利用與教材相配套的教學(xué)掛圖、錄音帶、VCD 、投影片、練習(xí)冊(cè)、閱讀訓(xùn)練以及多媒體軟件等，并以此作為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和教師教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容和手段。適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代之所需，教師應(yīng)重視使用一些先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代教學(xué)技術(shù)手段來(lái)激發(fā)、提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，主要運(yùn)用多媒體輔助教學(xué)，以增加教學(xué)的直觀(guān)性和趣味性，加大課堂密度，提高教學(xué)效率。本單元計(jì)劃用六課時(shí)完成教學(xué)任務(wù)與測(cè)試評(píng)估。具體教學(xué)程序設(shè)計(jì)如下：
Teaching Procedures for the 1st Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Watching & Chatting：Watch a video which introduces some famous cultural sites across
Shaoxing, having a free chat with the Ss.
3. Questions & Answers：Show to the Ss three pictures, asking them:
① What do you know about the places in the pictures?
② Where are they?
③ Which one would you like to see most? Why?
Step two Pre-listening
1. Ticking：Listen to the tape and tick the things Ss hear.
2. Questions & Answers：Listen again and discuss the questions in groups
① Why is it important to protect cultural relics?
② Why is it difficult to find out how people lived in ancient times?
③ What do we know about life in ancient Egypt?
④ Why do we know so much about the way the ancient Egyptians lived?
⑤ What do you think we can do to protect our cultural relics?
Step three Listening
1. Language Input ：Well, now we're going to listen to a description of three cultural sites.
Please ① Listen to the tape and write down the name of the site in the form below.
② Listen to the tape again and write down about its importance.
Name of the site Why is it important? What is being done to protect it?
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
③ Listen to the tape again and write down about “What's being done to protect it”.
Ss discuss their answers in groups and then check in class.
Step four Post-listening
1. Listen to a piece of news (T has previously taken from a news report) and ask Ss to have a discussion about the following topics：
① Why do our city government make such great effort to protect cultural sites?
② Do you think it necessary to spend so much money on the project?
Step five Error-finding
1. Language Input：Now we're going to listen to the description of the three maps. Please
① Listen to the tape and put the statues in the right place.
② Listen to the tape and put the temple and the museum in the right place.
③ Listen to the tape and put the Moon Tower and the Blue Waterfall in the right place.
Step six Game
1. Language Input：As is known to us all, China is a country with a history of more than 5,0000 years. In the long history, people in different periods have left us quite a number of cultural sites, many of which are world-famous. Now please look at the screen carefully and let's have a game!
[T divide the class into four groups, asking the Ss to say what the name of the cultural site is and where it is according to the given picture. The group which makes the most choices win the game. ]
Group A Group B Group C Group D
Score
Homework
1. Prepare a brief description of Ss’ favorite cultural site in China. The report must include the following： ① The name of the site ② Its size as well as its history
③ Its importance and what is being done to protect it.
(Better surf on the Internet!)
2. Preview “Speaking”.
Teaching Procedures for the 2nd Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework, asking individual Ss to come to the front to act out their report. The teacher may ask the others some questions about their reports.
Step two Pre-speaking
1. Brainstorming Ask the Ss one question：What do you think can represent Chinese culture?
[T collect the answers and write them on the blackboard.]
Step three Speaking
1. Language Input：Well, everybody is now asked to make a culture capsule with a size of 2×2 metres, which will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture, but do remember that you cannot put any living things in it. Also you may include in the capsule a short message of about two sentences in any language, but remember that those who find it may not understand the language. Meanwhile please give the reasons for your choices. The following expressions may be helpful to you.
Asking for suggestions Making suggestions
● What shall we put in in your opinion?
● Can't we put in …?
● Should we put in …?
● Which do you think is the more suitable thing we put in?
● …… ● Let's put in….
● Maybe we could put in ….
● I think we'd better put in ….
● I'd like to choose….
● What / How about…?
● Why not put in …?
● Why don't you put in …?
● ……
[ T divide the class into pairs, letting them discuss and collect the information, and ask each pair to make a dialogue.]
Things you want to put in Reasons for your choices
1
2
3
4
5
【Model】
SA：In my opinion we could put in ….
SB：That sounds a great idea. And I'd like to choose ….
SA：Sorry, I don't think that's the best choice.
SB：Then what about …?
……
2. Now divide the class into groups, each group discuss the project, trying to agree on the same five things. Each group select one student to finish a report and then ask some groups to report in front of the class..
Step four Useful Expressions --- Making suggestions
1. Language Input：In our everyday life, we quite often ask our friends or relatives for advice or suggestions on what to do or what not to do. And in English there're several ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
Ways of giving advice or making suggestions Ways of replying to others' advice or suggestions
Acceptance Refuse
1. Shall I / we …?
2. Let's …, shall we?
3.Why not …?
4. Why don't you / we …?
5. You'd better ….
6. I think it's better (for you / us) to ….
7.Would you like / love to …?
8.What / How about …?
9.I suggest (that) you (should)….
10.I advise you (not) to ….
11.I wonder if you should….
12.Have you considered …?
▲Note：除句型8和12后接動(dòng)名詞 （短語(yǔ)）外，其余均需接動(dòng)詞原形。 1. All right. / OK.
2.That's all right.
3.Certainly. / Sure.
4.Good idea. / That's a good idea.
5.That sounds great.
6. That sounds (like) a good idea.
7. I'd like (love) to …. 1. I'm afraid that ….
2. I'm sorry, but ….
3. I'd like (love) to, but ….
4. It (That) sounds nice, but ….
Step five Dialogue Production
[T will provide certain situations, asking the Ss to work in pairs to make dialogues.]
Situation A：Two friends are discussing what to do in the coming weekends.
【Model】
A: It's said that there's going to be a wonderful film “Heroes”. Why not go to the cinema?
B: I'm afraid I won't. I have seen it twice.
A: What do you suggest doing, then?
B: Would you like to go out for an outing?
A: I'd like to, but it's going to rain in the next two days.
B: What a pity! Have you considered going to the library?
A: Good idea. Let's meet here at 8 o'clock tomorrow, shall we?
B: Sure.
Situation B：Jessica is poor in English. She is asking her friend, Susan for advice.
【Model】
Jessica: My English is poor. I wonder what I should do.
Susan: You should remember as many English words as possible.
Jessica: OK.
Susan: And you need to have more listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Jessica: It sounds nice, but I still don't know what to do.
Susan: I'm not certain, either. Why don't you ask Mr Wang?
Jessica: That's a good idea. Let's go together.
Susan: All right.
Step six Post-speaking
Workbook p. 121 “Talking”：Divide the whole class into four groups, each group taking the part of an expert, a businessman, villager A and villager B, while the monitor takes the role of the village leader. Ask the Ss to discuss the problem. Each group leader and the monitor prepare a report which is asked to report to the whole class.
Homework
1. Write a report about the culture capsule.
2. Practise ways of making suggestions.
3. Preview “Reading”.
Teaching Procedures for the 3rd Period
Step One Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Comment on the Ss’ report about the culture capsule.
3. Go over the ways of giving advice or making suggestions.
Step Two Pre-reading
1. Language Input：Throughout the world, there're many well-known cities, and quite a few of them are particularly great. Some of the cities are well received by the people, and some others have in or around them a number of famous cultural relics. Now let's have a free discussion about the following questions:
① Some cities, like Paris and Beijing, are called great cities of the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great?
② What are your favorite cities?
③ What cultural relics are there in the place where you live? How important are they?
Step Three Reading
1. Scanning Ask the Ss to read the passage quickly, finding out where they have the problem understanding the whole story. Discuss the problems in pairs first and in groups later. Deal with some common problems in class.
2. Vocabulary Ask the Ss to complete the sentences with the right words from the passage. (Workbook p. 122 )
3. True or False Ask the Ss to listen to the tape while looking at the sentences on the screen, making a decision about whether the following statements are true or false.
Statements True or false
1. The city of St Petersburgh was built and rebuilt by Peter the Great.
2. Many great palaces in the city, which were large and beautiful, were built after Peter's death.
3. The Germans attacked St Petersburgh a hundred years ago.
4. When the palaces and buildings were rebuilt, people changed their old beauty.
5. A portrait of Peter the Great was destroyed by the Germans.
6. It was difficult for people to rebuild the old palaces.
7. Workers and painters used old photographs to help them rebuild the city.
8. St Petersburgh will never be as beautiful as it was before.
4. Skimming Ask the Ss to read the passage more carefully and find the topic sentence for each paragraph. Meanwhile the teacher may ask the Ss to answer some detailed questions.
Questions：① Where do people usually build a city? Why?
② What were the palaces like?
③ What were the palaces used for after the Czars' rule over the city ended?
④ What did the Germans do as they leftthe city?
⑤ Was it easy for the people of St Petersburgh to rebuild the city? And why?
⑥ What did the people do to bring the city back to life?
5. Reading aloud Play the tape and ask the Ss to read along in a loud voice.
Step four Post-reading
1. Ask the Ss to discuss the following questions in groups:
① Why do people think St Petersburgh is a great city?
② Why was it so difficult for people to rebuild the old palaces?
③ What did people use to help them rebuild the city?
④ Why are the people of St Petersburgh heroes?
Step five Interview
Ask the Ss to work in pairs, playing the role of a newspaper reporter and a citizen of St Petersburgh and finally invite some pairs to act out their interview in the front.
【Model】R-- reporter C--citizen of St Petersburgh
R: Good morning, I'm from Shaoxing Daily. May I ask you several questions?
C: Sure.
R: When was your city built and and who built the city?
C: ……
Step six Debate
Divide the whole class into two groups, asking them to collect as much information as possible according to the following situation (topic).
Discussion
With the fast development of economy, many parts of our old city is being rebuilt.In the area where you live, the city government plans to pull down quite a few low old buildings and put up some high buildings. There is an old building, which dates from the Ming Dynasty and in it there’re a lot of famous carved paintings.
Do you think it necessary to pull down this old building or to leave it as it is?
Step seven Summary and homework
1. Summarize the passage and ask the Ss to retell the story.
2. Finish off the exercises on p. 46 “Word study”-2 and p.123 “Vocabulary”-2.
Teaching procedures for the 4th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Ask individual Ss to retell the story.
3. Check the homework, giving some explanation if necessary.
Step two Lead-in
1. Ask the Ss to find out the sentences from the passage that they think read most beautiful or sound sweetest.
2. Enjoy the sentences Ss pick out, especially the sentence：“We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city! ”
Step three Reading
1. Scanning Ask the Ss to read the passage on page 124 and finish the following two exercises shown on the screen.
▲Fill in the blanks with the words from the passage
1. The word which has similar meaning to “finish” is ________.
2. ________ means to go or run quickly.
3. The word ________ means to save.
4. A ________ is a place where people worship ( v.崇拜) the god.
5. To ______ large areas means that water covers large areas.
6. If something is needed, it is ________.
7. When you are seriously ill, your life could be ________.
8. When you see people eating breakfast, you can say “They are ________.”
9. The water of a river, a lake or a sea is called ________.
10. To go up or to get higher means to ________.
【KEYS】1.complete 2.To rush 3.rescue 4.temple 5.flood 6.necessary 7.in danger 8.at breakfast 9.waters 10.rise
▲ Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. A dam was built.________ a result, the water level of the lake rose ________ 63 meters.
2. They decided to move the temple stone ________ stone.
3. About 20～50% of the electricity which Egypt needs is produced ________ the water
rushing ________ the base of the dam.
4. Each stone was marked ________ a number and then all the stones were carried to the new
place.
5. The old temple, which dates ________ about 1250 BC, will be moved to a new place.
6. The experts are trying to find ways of rescuing the animals ________ danger.
7. Many fields will be covered ________ the waters of the new lake which will be finished
________ the end of this year.
【KEYS】1.As; by 2.by 3.from; through 4.with 5.from 6.in 7.by / with; by / before
2. Skimming Ask the Ss to read the passage more carefully and try to answer the followings:
1.What are the only three man-made projects that can be seen from the earth? Where are they?
2.When was the Aswan High Dam completed?
3.What was the High Dam built for?
4.What problems were caused by building the High Dam?
5.What do you know about the temple at Abu Simbel?
6.How did the engineers decide to move the whole temple?
7.How long did the project last?
8.How much did the project cost?
9.When was the project completed?
10.How can you get to the temple at Abu Simbel?
Step four Post-reading
1. Discussion Divide the class into groups and ask each group to discuss the question:
① Do you think it necessary to spend so much money on rescuing this temple?
② Do you think that the Egyptian engineers solved the problem in the best way possible?
③ Are there other temples or buildings that we could not move?
④ What about the Great Wall or the Temple of Heaven?
⑤ Would it be right to move them if we had to build something where they stand today? Why or why not?
2. Fill in the blanks with proper words.
The Great Wall of China is one of the eight wonders of the world. It lies across North China ________ a huge dragon (巨龍). It is one of the few man-made projects on earth ________ can be seen from the moon.
The Great Wall ________ built more than 2,000 years ago. It was built ________ the reason of war. Now it is more than 6,000 kilometers ________ from east to west, 6-7 meters high, and 4-5 meters wide. In most places, it is wide ________ for five horses or ten people to walk side ________side along the top.
Today the Great Wall has become a great place of ________ .It interests tens of thousands of people ________ different parts of the world every day. So more and ________ people have come to know the famous Chinese saying：“He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”
【KEYS】like; that; was; for; long; enough; by; interest; from; who
Step five Discussion
1.Language input：In the world there’re many cultural relics. Sometimes people have to choose between protecting the relics of the past and building the roads and houses of the future. What do you think we need to think about when we make decisions about cultural relics?
[Divide the class into groups and ask them to discuss for a while, and then collect ideas or suggestions from each group.]
Step six Summary and Homework
1. Read the passages and finish off Workbook Ex 4 on p.126.
2. Write a report about the discussion.
Teaching procedures for the 5th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework.
3. Ask individual Ss to act out their reports, making some comments if necessary.
Step two Language study
1. Group work Divide the class into groups, asking each group to find the verbs beginning with the letters “re-” and discussing the similarities among them.
restore; rebuild; replace; recreate;
2. Analyze the structure of the discussed words：prefix “re”+ V. → meaning “do sth. once again”.
3. Brainstorming Ask the Ss to think of other examples or look up the dictionary for words with the prefix “re-”and get the meaning of the words.
【Model】
⑴ reappear vi. appear again (esp. after disappearing)
⑵ recall v. call back
⑶ recollect v. call back to the mind
⑷ recount v. count again
⑸ redo v. do again
⑹ refill v. fill again
⑺ refit v. make (a ship, etc) ready for use again by renewing or repairing parts
⑻ reforest v. plant again with trees
⑼ re-form v. form again
⑽ rehouse v. provide with a new house
⑾ rejoin v. join (together) again
⑿ relay v. lay (a cable, carpet, etc) again
⒀ rename v. give a new name to; name again
⒁ reopen v. open again after closing or being closed
⒂ replay v. play (e.g. a football match that was drawn) again
⒃ reprint v. print again; print a new impression of
⒄ retell v. tell again
⒅ rethink v. think about again; reconsider
⒆ reunite v. bring together or come together again
⒇ rewrite v. write again
4. Structure (Grammar)
Ⅰ.Ask the Ss to put some sentences into English, going over the Present Perfect Tense.
① 在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里學(xué)生們已經(jīng)收集了二千節(jié)舊電池(n.battery)。
② 園林工人已完成寺廟百分之八十的重建任務(wù)。
③ 他已將那臺(tái)舊電視機(jī)送給鄰居了。
④ 中國(guó)已向太空發(fā)射了幾十顆人造衛(wèi)星。
⑤ 史密斯先生已把詞典和雜志歸還給了圖書(shū)館。
Ⅱ.Ask them to change the sentences into passive voice, paying attention to the structure of the sentences.
Active Voice Passive Voice
① The students have collected two thousand old batteries in the past three months.
② The garden workers have already finished 80% of the rebuilding of the temple.
③ He has sent the old TV set to his neighbour.
④ China has sent up scores of man-made satellites into space.
⑤ Mr Smith has returned the dictionary and magazines to the library. ① Two thousand old batteries have been collected (by the students) in the past three months.
② 80% of the rebuilding of the temple has been finished (by the garden workers).
③ The old TV set has been sent to his neighbour.
④ Scores of man-made satellites have been sent into space (by China).
⑤ The dictionary and magazines have been returned to the library (by Mr Smith).
Ⅲ. Pair work Ask pairs of Ss to discuss and find out the differences between the above two columns, then the teacher gives some explanation if necessary.
Step three Practice
1. Ask the Ss to find the sentences in the passage which include the Present Perfect Tense and then change them into the Active Voice.
2. Drills Ask Ss to finish exercises on page 47 and 48, asking some questions about the two news stories.
① What is the first news story about?
② Why are some of the cultural sites not well protected?
③ What has happened to some ancient sites?
④ What are the villagers worried about?
⑤ What have they decided to do?
⑥ What is the second news story about?
⑦ What will be the result of the repair project?
⑧ What are the people of Beijing asked to do? And what’s the result?
⑨ When was the old city wall built?
⑩ Why do you think the city of Beijing plans to repair the old city wall?
Step four Summarise and Homework
1.Summarise what’s been studied, esp. word-formation and structure of the Present Perfect Tense.
2. Finish off workbook exercises on page 128.
3. Preview “Intergrating skills”.
Teaching procedures for the 6th Period
Step one Warming-up
1. Greeting.
2. Check the homework, giving some explanation if necessary.
Step two Reading
1. Language Input：Quite often in our daily life we may see or hear or read something that makes us fell happy, sad or even very angry. And we usually want to tell others about our own feelings. We have several ways of showing how we feel, for example, we can have a talk with our close friends or relatives; we can get a pen friend; we can make a phone call to the local radio or TV station; and we can also write to a newspaper, a magazine and so on. Now please read a letter and try to find what is going on.
Questions：
① Where does the writer live?
② What is the writer worried about?
③ How does the air pollution come about?
④ What suggestions does the writer make?
Step three Pre-writing
1.Fill in the form Ask the Ss to work in pairs, answering the questions by filling in the form.
Who are you? What problem do you want to talk about? How do you feel about it? What suggestions do you have about it?
I live in a small village. Some people in my village want to …
I am …
Step four Writing
1. Questions and Answers Ask individual Ss to answer the questions according the above form.
2. Sentence writing Ask Ss to write down the answers to the questions in the form of sentences.
3. Sentence combining Ask Ss to combine the sentences one after another, using and, but, or, so, unless, although, because, etc.
4. Refining Ask Ss to read what they have done, making some necessary changes by using some more difficult conjunctions like which, that, when, what, when, where, etc.
5. Exchanging Ask pairs or groups of students to exchange what they have written and discuss each other’s writing. After the Ss have done it, ask several students to read out their letters.
Step five Proof Reading
T show the Ss a previously-prepared letter, asking them to correct the mistakes in it.
Dear editor,
I live in a small village, it is a very beautiful village. Recently some 1. ____
people in the village want to destroy the old temple so that they can 2.____
build a new car factory. The old temple has a history of more than 3. ____
five hundred years. Inside the temple there are few stone figures and 4. ____
carved paintings. If the temple was destroyed, all these things will be 5. ____
losing, and I don't think it right for people to do that. I think one way 6. ____
to solve the problem is to build the car factory in other place. Second 7. ____
if the factory really need to be built, we'd better try our best to remove 8. ____
the whole temple to somewhere else. We shouldn't let our history or 9. ____
culture are destroyed, and we should do all we can to save the temple. 10. ____
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【KEYS: 1.it→which 2.the→an 3.√ 4. ∧a (or few→some / several) 5. was→is
6. losing→lost 7. other→another 8. need→needs 9.or→and 10.are→be】
Homework
1. Ask the Ss to go over the whole unit.
2. Write a letter to the editor about any problem they come across.