上一期我們學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,在本期中,我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(一)。
接觸四:用法之一
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如:
Have you read that story?你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎?(“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。)
I have bought two apples. 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。 (“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。)
在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如:
I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。
He has just had his meal.他剛吃過飯。
Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎?
They haven't started yet.他們還沒有動(dòng)身。
We have never heard of it.我們從來(lái)沒有聽說過這件事。
接觸五:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。試比較:
The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。(說明現(xiàn)在的情況:飛機(jī)在這兒。)
The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。)
接觸六:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。如:
I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。如:
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?傊,說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如:
-Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里?
-He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)(二)
下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)指出并改正。
1. So far we learned about six hundred English words.
2. I've been in Australia twice.
3. -Have you had your lunch?
-No yet.
Key:
1. learned → have learned 2. in →to 3. No→Not