單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
本單元是以復(fù)習(xí)為主，沒出現(xiàn)新的內(nèi)容。側(cè)重點(diǎn)如下：
1. 學(xué)習(xí)一篇日記，掌握日記寫法，復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)。
2. 以兩個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)話，復(fù)習(xí)一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。功能項(xiàng)目復(fù)習(xí)系動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，復(fù)習(xí)不定代詞用法。
3. 復(fù)習(xí)五種簡單句。在閱讀文中復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析】
1. 關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
學(xué)生用書第110課第一部分列出了到目前為止所學(xué)的幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。它們分別是need, needn't; must, mustn't; have to, has to, had to; can, can't; could, couldn't; may。告訴 學(xué)生這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都有特定的意義，和另一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語，在各種人稱后都用同樣的形式。
(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是表示“需要”的意思；主要用于否定句及疑問句中。如：
We needn't start so early. 我們不必這么早出發(fā)。
Need I come? 我需要來嗎?
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，和不定式連用，就可以用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如We need to know more about this matter. 關(guān)于這件事我們需要了解更多的情況。
Does he need to say something? 他需要說些什么嗎?
He did not need to come. 他并不需要來。
(2)must 表示必須要做的事。如：
You must finish your homework before you watch TV. 你必須做完作業(yè)再看電視。
We mustn’t say any longer. 我們不能再說下去了。
在否定回答由must引起的疑問句時(shí)，答語用needn't。如：
A: Must we do eye exercises every day? 我們必須每天做眼保健操嗎?
B: Yes, you must. 是的，必須這樣。
No, you needn't. 不，沒有必要。
(3)have to, has to, had to
與must相比，have to表示因客觀環(huán)境促使而不得不做的事情。如：
We missed the last bus. We had to walk home. 我們錯(cuò)過了最后一班公共汽車。我們不得不走回家。
(4)can可表示能力、許可、提供幫助、提出邀請(qǐng)等意思。如：
The apples are too high. He can't reach them. 蘋果長得太高了，他夠不著。
Can I come in? 我能進(jìn)來嗎?
Can I take a message? 我能留言嗎?
Can you come to my birthday party? 你能來參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎?
could用作can的過去式時(shí)，表示能力。如：
I couldn't swim when I was four. 我4歲時(shí)還不能游泳。
could還表示委婉地提出請(qǐng)求。如：
Could you wait for a while? 你能等一會(huì)兒嗎?
(5)may可表示允許或征詢對(duì)方許可和可能性。如：
You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。
May I watch TV after supper? 晚飯后我可以看電視嗎?
He may be right. 他可能是對(duì)的。
在總結(jié)這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法上，要求學(xué)生區(qū)分每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的不同含義。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是初中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，需要學(xué)生認(rèn)真做學(xué)生用書和練習(xí)冊(cè)中提供的練習(xí)。
2. 寫日記的格式：一般情況下先寫好日期和天氣情況，請(qǐng)記住日記的基本格式。
日期要頂格寫，可先寫星期，再寫年月日，也可先寫年月日再寫星期。日期的寫法通常用省略形式。如：Monday June 23rd, 1990(June 23rd, 1990 Monday)或Mon. Jun. 23rd, 1990(Ju n. 23rd 1990 Mon. )。
天氣、溫度的寫法：通常是集中排列，寫在日記的左上角，第一個(gè)字母大寫。如：Sunny。
日記是記敘當(dāng)天經(jīng)過的事，所以謂語動(dòng)詞多用一般過去時(shí)，主語I常常省略。
【命題趨勢分析】
不定代詞用法是常見題之一。請(qǐng)復(fù)習(xí)本書19單元不定代詞用法，然后做下題。
用不定代詞填空。
1. “I can't hear anything”means“I can hear ”.
2. There is on the floor. please pick it up.
3. Did go to play basketball with you?
4. I phoned you last night, but answered it.
5. I don't think telephoned.
6. Why don't you ask to help you?
7. If you want , Please let me know.
8. Shall we get to drink?
9. Don't worry. There's wrong with your ears.
10. There's in the box. It's empty.
(Answer: 1 nothing 2 something 3 anybody/anyone 4 nobody/no one 5 anybody/any one 6 someone/somebody 7 something 8 nothing)
核心知識(shí)
【常用單詞積累】
care, cancer, cousin, death, engineer, exciting, myself, once, page, palace, sad, super, while, whole, wonderful, yet, keep a diary 記日記， the Summer Palace 頤和園， after lunch 晚飯后， look worried 看上去很著急， leave…by oneself 把… 單獨(dú)留下， look after= take care of 照料、照顧、注意， be about ten months old 大約十個(gè)月大， Half an hour later 半個(gè)小時(shí)后， cry harder and harder 哭的越來越厲害，not…any more 不再， make a face(make faces)做鬼臉、做苦相， turn on 開( 電源開關(guān)、龍頭、閥門等) turn off 關(guān)(電源開關(guān)、龍頭、閥門等)， all kinds of 各種 各樣，have a wonderful time 玩的開心，過的快樂 make music 作曲、譜曲， be late for sth. 做某事遲到，have a cold 患感冒， look into 往…里面看， after a while 過了一會(huì)兒。
【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)精講】
1. A page from a student's diary. 一則學(xué)生日記。
(1)表示“某人的一則日記”常用a page from…如
This is a page from Lei Feng's diary. 這是雷鋒的一則日記。
(2)“記日記”，用keep, keep a diary 記一篇日記。如：
I keep a diary in English. 我用英語寫日記。
2. I must take her to hospital. 我必須送她去醫(yī)院看病。
hospital前不加冠詞，表示看病、就醫(yī)。如：
in hospital 住院， to hospital 入院治療， leave hospital 出院
3. look worried 看上去憂愁的樣子
look “看上去、看起來”是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。
如：The girl looked afraid. 這女孩看上去很害怕。
They look happy. 他們顯得很高興。
You look better today. 你今天看上去氣色較好。
4. I can't leave her by herself. 我不能把她一個(gè)人留下。
by oneself“獨(dú)自、單獨(dú)”也可用all by oneself=leave…alone. 如：
Your son is too young. You can't leave him(all) by himself at home when you are out. 你兒子太小。你出去時(shí)不能把他獨(dú)自留在家里。
5. at first 起先、起初
表示起先是一種什么情況，后來又是什么情況，常和then(然后、接著)，later(或later on )(后來)或…later(…之后)連用。
At first the boy was not good at English; then he began to study it hard. 這男孩起初英語學(xué)得不好，然后就開始努力學(xué)起來。
At first she didn't know how to keep a diary, later on she learned to write a page every day. 起先她不知道怎樣記日記，后來就學(xué)著每天寫一頁。
6. (cry)harder and harder (哭得)越來越兇
形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的疊用(～er and ～er, 或more and more…)表示越來越…，越變?cè)健?。如：
In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer. 春天天氣變得越來越暖和。
He is working harder and harder. 他工作越來越努力了。
Our school is more and more beautiful. 我們學(xué)校越來越美了。
More and more people are beginning to learn English. 越來越多的人開始學(xué)英語了。
7. Laugh and laugh. 笑了又笑。
英語中動(dòng)詞可以疊用(用and連接)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。
The strong wind blew and blew. 大風(fēng)刮了又刮。
The boy ate and ate. 這男孩吃了又吃。
He walked and walked until he reached home. 他走了又走，一直走到家。
8. Half an hour later she woke up and began to cry. 半小時(shí)后，她醒了并開始大哭。
(1)later “較遲，稍晚”副詞，作“以后”解，常用于一段時(shí)間之后。
如：ten minutes 十分鐘后，a few months later 幾個(gè)月后，five day later 五天之后等 ，和過去式的謂語連用。如：
I saw him in the park a week later. 一星期后我在公園看見他。
注意：時(shí)間段+later=after+時(shí)間段，都表示過去某段時(shí)間之后都要同過去時(shí)連用，如：
He got to Beijing after three days. 三天以后他到了北京。
相當(dāng)于 He got to Beijing three days later.
但after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于將來時(shí)，如：
He will go there after four o'clock. 四點(diǎn)鐘后他將去那兒。
如果要說從現(xiàn)在起某段時(shí)間之后，則要用in+時(shí)間段。如：
He will come back in four weeks. 他將在四星期后回來。
(2)wake(up) 作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“醒來”，作及物動(dòng)詞表示“叫醒(某人)”如：
He woke three times in the night. 他一夜醒了三次。
Please wake me at seven. 請(qǐng)七點(diǎn)叫醒我。
9. The baby watched and listened. 孩子瞧著，聽著。
look, see, watch 都是“看”，但有區(qū)別：
look強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，是有意識(shí)地看，后接at再接賓語，如：
He looked at his watch and found it was ten o'clock. 他看了看表，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是十點(diǎn)了。
The students are looking at the map on the wall. 學(xué)生們看著墻上的地圖。
see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，不一定是有意識(shí)的，意為“看見”，如：
He saw nobody in the house. 他看見房子里沒有人。
Can you see that tree? 你看得見那棵樹嗎?
watch是指有目的、有意識(shí)地觀看、注視，如：
He watched the cars coming and going. 他注視著車輛來來往往。
He watched every movement of my hands. 他注視著我的手的每個(gè)動(dòng)作。
10. She didn't cry any more. 她不再哭了。
not…any more 意為“不再”，相當(dāng)于not…any longer. 可換用，如：
Ann doesn't live here any more/longer. 安不再住這里了。
I shall not wait any more/longer. 我不再等了。
not…any more也可用作no more, no more即可修飾連系動(dòng)詞，也可修飾行為動(dòng)詞，修飾行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于句末，如：
He is no more ill. 他不再生病了。
He will go there no more. (=He won't go there any more. )他不再住這兒了。
11. Then I made faces and jumped like a monkey. 接著，我做著怪相，像猴子一樣來回跳著。
(1)make faces(或make a face)意為“做鬼臉”，如：
The boy made faces and wanted to make the others laugh. 那男孩做著鬼臉，想逗別人發(fā)笑。
“Don't make a face. ”said the teacher. “不要做鬼臉”老師說。
(2)like在句中是介詞，作“像”解，后接名詞或代詞(賓格)，如：
He speaks English like a real Englishman. 他說起英語來像是一個(gè)真正的英國人。
My brother isn't like me. 我弟弟不像我。
12. I told him the whole story. 我將全部經(jīng)過告訴他。
(1)tell作“告訴”解一般都有間接賓語，并常將間接賓語放在前面：
I'll tell you everything tomorrow. 明天我將全告訴你。
Tell me your name, please. 請(qǐng)告訴我你的名字。
(2)Whole與all都有“全部的”意思，其區(qū)別是：
(1)兩者都可用表示整體的單數(shù)名詞之前，但限定詞的位置不同，如：
All the city/The whole city is busy cleaning the streets. 全城的人都忙于打掃街道。
It took him all the year/the whole year to write the book. 寫這本書花了他整整一年。
(2)all表示“所有的”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，whole表示“所有的”時(shí)則須用the whole of, 如：
All the students are here. 所有的學(xué)生都到了。
The whole of the students went to the cinema. 全體學(xué)生都去看電影了。
(3)專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞前用all，不用whole如：
all China 全中國(不說：whole China)
all the water 所有的水(不說：the whole water)
13. He can take good care of your babies. 他會(huì)照管好你們的孩子的。
(1)take care 不接of，意為“當(dāng)心”、“小心”，如：
Take care! The ice is thin. 當(dāng)心，冰很薄。
Take care not to wake the baby. 當(dāng)心別把孩子吵醒了。
(2)take care of后接名詞或代詞，意為“照管”、“照料”，與look after同義。care是名詞，可用good修飾，take good care of意為“好好照料”，如：
You must take good care of yourself. 你要好好照料自己。
The TV set is new. Take good care of it. 電視是新的，好好保管。
14. How did Ling Feng make the baby stop crying? 林峰是怎樣使孩子停止了哭泣?
(1)make 在此句意為“使…”，make作“使…”解時(shí)，其賓語后的不定式習(xí)慣上不帶to。 notice, hear, listen, see, watch, let 用法相同。如：
You may take a horse to the water, but you can't make him drink. 你可以牽馬到河邊，卻不能使它喝水。
Aunt Li always makes us laugh. 李大娘老逗我們發(fā)笑。
(2)stop后接動(dòng)詞ing形式，表示“停止做某事”，如：
Stop talking, boys and girls! 孩子們，要說話了。
The boy stopped running. 那孩子停止了跑步。
而stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事。
如：They stopped singing and dancing. 他們停止了唱歌、跳舞。
They stopped to sing and dance. 他們停下來去唱歌和跳舞。
He stopped to read Lesson Five. 他停下來去讀第5課。
He stopped reading Lesson Five. 他停止讀第5課。
He stopped to look at his watch. 他停下來，看了看表。
He stopped looking at the girl. 他不再看那女孩。
15. Why did the monkey laugh in the end? 為什么猴子最后大笑?
in the end最后
in the end的同義短語是at last(最后，終于)，在很多情況下可以換用，但at last常指經(jīng)過一番努力或曲折后變成某種情況，in the end多指自然發(fā)展的結(jié)果。
He left the place in the end. 他最后離開了這個(gè)地方。
At last she learned swimming after she practised and practised. 在一再地練習(xí)之后，她終于學(xué)會(huì)了游泳。
in the end的反義短語是at first或in the beginning(起先、起初)。如：At first he didn't know how to learn English, but he was good at English in the end when he left middle school.
起初他不知道怎樣學(xué)英語，但最后在中學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)他的英語已很好了。
如要表示“在…結(jié)尾/末端”則要用at the end of…
at the end of the story 在故事的結(jié)尾。at the end of the street 在街道的末端。其反義短語則為at the beginning of, 如：at the beginning of this term 在這學(xué)期的開頭。
16. He told me not to bring you anything 他告訴我不常帶什么東西給你。
在tell, ask, want, get, like等一些動(dòng)詞的賓語后，都能接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其不定式的否定形式是在to前加not，如：
The teacher told him not to make faces in class.
老師告訴他不要在上課時(shí)做鬼臉。
(不可說：The teacher told him don't to make faces in class. )
再如：He asked me not to open the door. 他請(qǐng)我不要開門。
His parents want him not to be late for school. 他的父母要他上學(xué)別遲到。
17. I'll speak to him. 我要同他談?wù)劇?/p>
speak 意為“說話”、“演說”，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)只和少數(shù)名詞(如表示語言的詞)連用；若表示“談?wù)撃橙恕⒛呈隆逼浜髣t接about:
The baby is learning to speak. 這小孩在學(xué)說話。
He speaks English well. 他的英語說得好。
They did not want to speak about it. 他們不想談?wù)撨@事。
talk意為“談話”、“講話”，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，后接about表示“談某人、某事”，如：
He is talking to his friend. 他正在同他的朋友談話。
What are you talking about? 你們?cè)谡勑┦裁?
Say一般用作及物動(dòng)詞，指用語言表達(dá)思想，著重說話的內(nèi)容，后面常接引語，如：
What did he say? 他說了些什么?
He said“Good morning” to his teacher. 他向老師道了聲“早安! ”
Say it again. 再說一次。
tell意為“告訴”、“講給…聽”，常跟一個(gè)間接賓語，如：
Tell me where you live. 告訴我你住在哪兒。
He told the story to everybody in the village. 他把經(jīng)過告訴了村子里每個(gè)人。
18. Look into the river. 往河里看。
look into “朝…里面看，”反義詞組是look out of “從…往外看”
注意look與介(副)詞的搭配：
look back 回頭看 look around 向四周張望
look up 抬頭看，向上看 look down 向下看
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
1. 我不能把她單獨(dú)留下。
誤：I can't leave herself.
正：I can't leave her by herself.
析：“把某人單獨(dú)留下”，要用“l(fā)eave one by oneself”結(jié)構(gòu)，而在leave后面不能直接跟oneself。
2. 我不知道我什么時(shí)候睡著的。
誤：I didn't know when I was asleep.
正：I didn't know when I went to sleep.
析：be asleep與go to sleep都有“睡覺”的意思，但be asleep表示“睡著”的狀態(tài)，go to sleep表示“入睡”的過程，是一種動(dòng)作。
3. 收音機(jī)在那兒，請(qǐng)打開。
誤：The radio is there. Please turn on it.
正：The radio is there. Please turn it on.
析：turn on中的on是副詞。在“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若賓語是代詞，必須放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間；若賓語是名詞，放在副詞前后都可以。
4. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)后他回家了。
誤：Two hours after he went home.
正：Two hours later he went home.
正：After two hours he went home.
析：later和after都表示過去某段時(shí)間之后，但later常位于時(shí)間之后，after常位于時(shí)間之前。如：six minutes later或after six minutes(六分鐘后)。
【閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥】
讀短文辨正誤。
An old man thought his wife was a bit deaf and he decided to try her out. He walked ten metres away from the back of his wife and asked, “Can you hear me? ”With no answer from his wife, he went forward(向前方)and stood six metres away from her. “Can you hear me? ”he asked again, but he still got no answer. Then he walked up two metres away from his wife and asked again in a loud voice, “Now, my dear, can you hear me? ”
“Yes, of course. ”she replied. “And this is the third time I've repeated. ‘Yes, of course. ’”
The old man finally knew who was really deaf when he heard this.
( )1. The old man's wife was deaf in both ears.
( )2. The old man wanted to find out if his wife was deaf.
( )3. His wife could hear better than him.
( )4. His wife could hear him from ten metres away.
( )5. He couldn't hear his wife because his wife didn't say anything.
( )6. In fact the old man himself was deaf.
( )7. He asked his wife three times, but his wife only answered him once.
( )8. At last the old man heard what his wife said.
( )9. At last he found out his wife was not deaf.
( )10. His wife answerd him three times, but he only heard once.
答案：1. × 2. √ 3. √ 4. √ 5. × 6. √ 7. × 8. √ 9. √ 10. √
分析：根據(jù)妻子的回答“And this is the third time I've repeated. Yes, of course. ” 可以斷定丈夫三次說的話她都聽到了，而且三次都作了回答，這是理解全文的關(guān)鍵詞語，不難對(duì)1、5、7、題作出否定的判斷，而對(duì)4題作出肯定的判斷。第一段的第一句為該段的主題句，恰恰回答了2題。文章結(jié)尾一句是本文的主題句�！癢ho was really deaf”清楚地回答了3、6、8、9、10五個(gè)問題。
【有關(guān)"Unit 20 Mainly revision" 的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)1. c2u21 Mainly Revision 教案
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
�、�. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
happily , easily , carefully , worried , feel worried about, pingpong , hard-working
�、�. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
簡單句的基本句型 ( 一 )
( 1 ) 主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞：
He swims .
They are listening .
( 2 ) 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語：
She likes basketball
They know me .
( 3 ) 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語：
The bike is new .
She felt worried .
Ⅲ. 交際英語：
What can I do for you ?
I need to do some shopping .
I'm worried about my party .
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
內(nèi)容2：語法發(fā)散思維
內(nèi)容3：同步練習(xí)
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)2. 初二英語 Lesson 109 （Unit:Mainly Revision）
前言
教具
寫有全部人稱代詞主格的小黑板。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
語法：
復(fù)習(xí)
1)反身代詞的用法；
2)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語；
3)并列句。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)3. 初二英語 Lesson 110 （Unit:Mainly Revision）
前言
教具
自制一些圖片，每張圖片要明顯地適用于某個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞�？蓞㈤啎先缦虏鍒D：第一百零一課圖1、圖5(could/couldn’t ； can/can’t) ；第九十三課插圖(have／has to)；第八十九課插圖(mustn’t)；第九十課插圖(must)；第八十七課插圖(may)等。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
語法：復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)4. 初二英語 Lesson 111 （Unit:Mainly Revision）
前言
教具
錄音機(jī)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
1．詞匯(略)。
2．語法：復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)5. 初二英語 Lesson 112 （Unit:Mainly Revision）
前言
教具
錄音機(jī)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
語法：簡單句的五種基本句型(二)。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
【關(guān)于“Unit 20 Mainly revision”的常見問題】
常見問題1: Unit 20 Mainly revision
問題：
介、副詞填空。
1. It's good see you again.
2. He does well skating and he often helps the children skating, too.
3. I wrote a letter Jim yesterday.
4. It's very nice you give me a glass of water.
5. The boy's mother is work now, so he has to stay home alone.
6. He sits the chair a smile his face.
7. He sits next me.
8. It's very hot here. Please take your coat.
9. She's going to speak the meeting next week.
10. It's very dark. Turn the light, please.
解答:
1. to 2. in, with 3. to 4. of, to 5. at, at 6. on, with, on 7. to 8. off 9. at 10. on