When was it built?
1.詞匯
invention, display, natural, guide, underground, cheer, desert, human, being, disappear, discover, found, entrance, exit, park, object
2.詞組
hundreds of years, be made of, be founded, look up …in a dictionary, keep …warm, be filled with, think of
3.語(yǔ)法 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過去時(shí)的用法
4.句型
肯定句：The museum was built in 1971.
否定句：The museum wasn’t built in 1970.
一般疑問句：－Was the museum built in 1971？
一Yes，it was.
－No，it wasn’t
特殊問句：When was the museum built？
核心知識(shí)
invention, display natural, guide, under ground, cheer, desert, human being, disappear, disappearance, discover, found, entrance, exit, park, parking, danger, pause, teapot, bowl, serve, object
hundreds of years成百上千年，the way to the museum去博物館的路， be made of由……制造，be used for doing sth.用于…做什么， be founded建立，成立， look up …in a dictionary查字典， a cup with three legs有三條腿的杯子，serve win倒酒，keep…warm保溫，be filled with裝滿，be mentioned提到，think of認(rèn)為，想起.
1.I called you yesterday afternoon， but you were not at home.
我昨天下午給你打個(gè)電話，可是你不在家.
call sb.給某人打電話，相當(dāng)于give sb. a call 或fling up sb.
I will ask her to give you a call tomorrow.我明天要他給你打電話.
Mary rang up her father last night.昨晚瑪麗給父親打過電話.
2. …I went to the biggest museum in town yesterday.
昨天我到城里最大的博物館去了.
in town在鎮(zhèn)里(城里)介詞短語(yǔ)在這里作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面名詞“the biggest museum.”
3. The biggest museum？最大的博物館？這句話是一個(gè)省略問句，其完全形式是“Did you go to the biggest science museum？”
4.I saw many old inventions on show.我看到許多古老的發(fā)明在展覽.
invention 名詞，其動(dòng)詞為invent“發(fā)明”.同詞根為“inventor”，“發(fā)明家”.
如：Edison was a great inventor. He invented many useful things all his life。
Many of his inventions have changed the world.愛迪生是一個(gè)偉大的發(fā)明家.他一生發(fā)明了很多有用的東西.他的許多發(fā)明都使世界發(fā)生了變化
5. They were all invented hundreds of years ago.他們都是數(shù)百年前發(fā)明.
1)“were invented”為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
2)hundreds of years…成百上千年.又如：thousands of years成千上萬(wàn)年；millions of years數(shù)百萬(wàn)年.英語(yǔ)中，hundred，thousand，million前如沒有具體數(shù)詞就可使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)，但如果說三百學(xué)生，五千只綿羊，一百萬(wàn)只鳥，則只能說：“three hundred students, five thousand sheep, a million birds.
6.Why not go there and have a look？為什么不去那看一看？
這句話用等于 Why don’t you go there and have a look?
7.They were very interested in dinosaurs.他們對(duì)恐龍很感興趣.
be interested in sth.＝ show(great)interest in sth.
如： My sister is very interested in story-books.我妹妹對(duì)故事書很感興趣.
也可說 My sister shows great interest in story－books.
8.All the students cheered.所有的學(xué)生都?xì)g呼著，
cheer及物動(dòng)詞，“使振奮，使高興，為…歡呼，高呼”
如： The teacher was cheered by his students.那位老師受到學(xué)生們的喝彩.
cheer也可為不及物動(dòng)詞. 如：I cheered up at the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，我感到振奮. cheer作名詞歡呼，喝彩.Cheers.“干杯”.
9. …So these eggs were laid long, long ago by dinosaurs. 這些蛋是恐龍很久很久以前下的.
lay－ laid－ laid及物動(dòng)詞 1)放、擺，如： Lay the coat on the bed.把衣服放在床上. 2)鋪，架設(shè)如： Lay a bridge across the river.在河上架橋. 3)產(chǎn)卵，如： A turtle lays many eggs at once.海龜一次能下很多蛋.本文中用了“were laid by…”過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu).如這個(gè)白色的蛋是那只白母雞下的，可譯成：The white egg was laid by the white hen.
10.That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.
那意味著恐龍?jiān)缭谌祟惓霈F(xiàn)之前就生活在那里了.
human beings人類，“appear”出現(xiàn)不及物動(dòng)詞，其反義詞加否定前綴 dis - disappear消失，類似有 agree一 disagree贊同不一致.
believe一disbelieve相信一不信任 like-dislike喜歡--不喜歡
11.Scientists try to explain their disappearance, but they’ve got more questions than answers.
科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D解釋恐龍消失的現(xiàn)象，可他們的疑問多于答案.
disappear消失(動(dòng)詞)一 disappearance消失，失蹤(名詞)不可數(shù).
12.And now there is a special dinosaur on display.
現(xiàn)在有一種特別的恐龍?jiān)谡褂[.
on display等同 on show在展覽.
13.It was discovered in Liaoning Province.它(恐龍)是在遼寧省發(fā)現(xiàn)的.
discover與invent：discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；指發(fā)現(xiàn)的對(duì)象是本來存在的，只是以前不知道而且，也可指發(fā)現(xiàn)新奇或意外之物或發(fā)現(xiàn)某種情況； invent發(fā)明；發(fā)明的對(duì)象是以前沒有的新東西，如工具，手段或方法.
14.I say it is special because the dinosaur was covered with feathers.我之所以說它特別，是因?yàn)樗怯捎鹈采w的恐龍.
be covered with由…覆蓋
The field is covered with snow.田野上一遍積雪.
15.Then we can see many dinosaurs discovered by you in this museum.那么我們就能在這個(gè)博物館里看到由你發(fā)現(xiàn)的恐龍了.
…discovered by you是一個(gè)過去分詞短語(yǔ)，在句子作定語(yǔ)修飾dinosaurs.
典型例題
1.過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為was／were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.
肯定式：The museum was built in 1971.
否定式：The museum wasn’t built in 1970，
一般問句：Was the museum built in 1971？ Yes， It was.／No， it wasn’t.
特殊問句：When was the museum built？
2.“be made of” 與“be made from”由…制成 be made of“由…制成”，看得出制成品，而“be made from…”由…制成”，看不出制成品。
解析 如：The bridge was made of stone.那座橋是由石頭做成的. The paper is made of wood.紙是由木頭制成的.
3.閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥
My uncle gave me a small calculator(計(jì)算器) on my 1 birthday. I like it very much and I can use it freely. But my teacher of maths asked me 2 use it in her class. However， I always put it into 3 pocket wherever I go with my parents or without them.
One Sunday morning， My mother and 4 went to the street. We first bought some vegetables. Then I said I’d like to have some fish for lunch. My mother chose a large fish and the man weighed it. My mother asked him 5 it weighed and what the price was. The man said the fish was eight and a half yuan. We both said it was 6 . The man was asked 7 the fish again. I 8 my small calculator and it worked very fast. I told it to 9 . His face turned red. It was only six and a half yuan. I thought that a big man’s head was not as 10 as my calculator sometimes.
1. A. fourteen B. forty C. fourteenth D. fourteens
2. A. always to B. often to C. never to D. sometimes to
3. A. mine B. my C. I D. me
4. A. me B. I C. my D. mine
5. A. how many B. how much C. how did D. what did
6. A. very cheap B. very beautiful C. too expensive D. right
7. A. weighed B. to weigh C. weigh D. weighs
8. A. cast B. took away C. broke D. brought out
9. A. the man B. the woman C. my mother D. myself
10.A. cheap B. large C. of D. good
分析 1.C.十四歲生日用序數(shù)詞.2.C.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式.3.C.形容詞性物主代詞后接名詞.4.B.主格作主語(yǔ).5.B.詢問多重.6.C.認(rèn)為太貴才提出質(zhì)疑.7. B.用“ask sb. to do sth.”此結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)形式.8. D.“拿出”之意， 9. A.根據(jù)上下文賣魚者為男士.10.D.同文中句意相符.
4.There are students on the playground.
A. four hundred of B. four hundreds of
C. hundreds of D. four hundreds
解析 hundred前面若有具體的數(shù)字，后面不加s，也不加of，若無具體的數(shù)字則加s，后接of表示“上百的”.故選“C”
5.The PRC on October 1,1949.
A. was found B. was founded
解析 found有兩概念，一是“find”發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到的過去式，二是動(dòng)詞原形意為“成立，建立”根據(jù)題意應(yīng)用found一詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，故選“B”
6. The bowl hot water.
A. is full with B. is filled of C. is filled with
解析 “be full of”“充滿”，“be filled with”裝滿，搭配得當(dāng)?shù)脑~應(yīng)為“C”，故選“C”
7.The strange cup three legs were used for .
A. with, drinking B. has，drink C.of，drinking
解析 the strange cup with three legs. 劃線部分的介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)后置，類似有： a boy with a ball in his hand. be used for doing…，故選A.
【關(guān)于“Unit 10 When was it built?”的常見問題】
常見問題1: When was it built?1
問題：
這種動(dòng)物很久以前就滅跡了.
誤：This kind of animals was disappeared long, long ago.
正：This kind of animals disappeared long, long ago
解答:
分析 disappear為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
常見問題2: When was it built?2
問題：
長(zhǎng)羽毛的恐龍是在遼寧省發(fā)現(xiàn)的.
誤：The feathered dinosaur was invented in Liaoning Province.
正：The feathered dinosaur was discovered in Liaoning Province.
解答:
分析 invent發(fā)明，發(fā)明的對(duì)象是以前沒有的新東西；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；指發(fā)明的對(duì)象是本來存在的，只是以前不知道而已，也可指發(fā)現(xiàn)新奇或意外之意.
常見問題3: When was it built?3
問題：
完成句子
1.Excuse me. How can I get to the station？
Excuse me. you me to the station？
2.The pot is full of hot water. It is several hundred years old.
The pot is hot water. It was made years ago.
3.People use knives for cutting things.
for cutting things.
4.The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.
The wokers work twelve hours a day.
5.The farmers built their houses in winter.
The farmers’ houses in winter.
解答:
1. Can，tell，the way 2. Filled with，hundreds of 3. knives are used 4.were made to 5. were built
常見問題4: When was it built? 4
問題：
Our school has eight __ student．
A．hundreds B．hundred C．hundreds of D．hundred of
解答:
分析hundred，thousand之類的數(shù)詞，前面如有具體的基數(shù)詞，后面不加s，也不帶of，直接接名詞。注意審題，別誤選C。
答案B
常見問題5: When was it built? 5
問題：
When the lights are red, you can go_________the road.
A．through B．cross C．a(chǎn)cross D．crossing
解答:
分析本題中只有A和C為介詞，符合題意，而through表示從某一事物里面穿過，across指在表面橫過、穿過。本題意思是：當(dāng)交通燈是紅燈時(shí)，你不可以橫過馬路。
答案C