1. 本單元主要談?wù)撌澜缛丝趩栴}。人口問題是當(dāng)今世界最重要的問題之一。讓學(xué)生了解其重要性，從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生關(guān)心世界、關(guān)心未來的高尚情操。
2. 學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時態(tài)在賓語從句中的運用。
3. 學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)詞及其讀法。
【重點、難點概覽】
一、詞匯與短語：
on the earth, hour after hour, mouth, grow ( grew, grown), beginning, at the beginning of, by.
二、句型與日常交際用語：
1．What’ s the population of… ?
2．It’ s about 1. 2 billion.
3．What does…mean?
4．That means…
三、語法：
數(shù)詞的讀法
理解過去將來時在賓語從句中的運用和was/were going to的用法。
重點難點解析
本單元語法重點是過去將來時態(tài)和數(shù)的讀法。
1. 過去將來時態(tài)
1)過去將來時由“助動詞would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。would常簡縮為’d，如：I'd , you'd ,
he 'd等；would not常簡縮為wouldn't。
27. 過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。例如：
I didn't know if he would come.
He wasn't sure whether she would go with him.
Mr Hu said he would go to Beijing for summer holiday.
過去將來時態(tài)也可用“was/were going to +動詞原形”來表示，例如：
Li Lei said he was going to college after he left middle school.
I wasn't sure if he was going to speak at the meeting.
He didn't say when he was coming.
2. Numbers數(shù)及其讀法
3，333，333，333 33億3千3百 33萬3千3百33
讀多位數(shù)注意以下各點：
1) 1，000以上的大數(shù)，要使用計數(shù)逗點“，”，即從個位開始，每隔三位加一逗點，第一個逗點前是thousand(千)，第二個逗點前是million(百萬)，第三個逗點前是thousand million(英國讀法)或billion(美國讀法)(十億)。
2) 分段以后，各段就都成了101-999等三位數(shù)了。讀的時候十位數(shù)(或個位數(shù))的前面一般要加and(也可不加)。因此，333，333，333就可讀作：
333，000，000 three hundred (and) thirty-three million
333，000 three hundred (and) thirty-three thousand
333 three hundred and thirty three
3) 英語沒有單獨表示“萬”和“億”的詞，以“ten thousand”表示“一萬”，“幾十thousand”表示“幾萬”，“幾百thousand”表示“幾十萬”。從“ten million”表示“一千 萬”，“幾十million”表示“幾千萬”，以“a hundred million”表示“一億”，幾百 “million”表示“幾億”。
例如：5，893，421，678 58億9千3百42萬1千6百78 讀作：
five billion , eight hundred and ninety-three million , four hundred and twenty -one thousand , six hundred and seventy-eight。
核心知識
1．?dāng)?shù)字的讀法：
注意要點：(1)十位數(shù)前一般加and，十位與個位間加“-”.
(2)數(shù)詞在表示具體數(shù)字時無復(fù)數(shù)形式。
e．g：two hundred, three thousand．hundred, thousand. 等不加“s”
e．g：234： two hundred and thirty - four.
2, 345：two thousand three hundred and forty - five
2, 345, 678： two million, three hundred and forty - five thousand, six hundred and seventy- eight.
2．過去將來時：
用法：過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。
過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。
構(gòu)成形式：would+動詞原形。
或 was/were + going to do.
e．g：He said that he would come next week.
He told me that he was going to see his parents.
3．What’ s the population of China?中國有多少人口?
population：指“人口”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。可用large，small修飾
population.
e．g：China has the largest population in the world.
中國的人口數(shù)在世界上最多。
注意區(qū)分：people：“人們”，表復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語用單數(shù)。
e．g：How many pepole are there in China?中國有多少人?
4．There will be standing room only on the earth.
地球上將只剩站的地方了。
room：表“空間、地方”，作不可數(shù)名詞。
作“房間”講，是可數(shù)名詞。
e. g： Can you make room for me?你能給我留點地嗎?
5．So it goes on, hour after hour.
情況就這樣一個小時接一個小時地繼續(xù)下去。
after：前后可連接一個相同的單數(shù)名詞，表一個接一個。
e．g：day after day一天又一天地。
year after day一年又一年。
time after time一次又一次。
go on：表“繼續(xù)”，可接to do或doing.
Let’ s go on working. 讓我們繼續(xù)干吧。
After a short rest, we go on learning lesson two. 休息了一會兒，我們又繼續(xù)學(xué)第二課。
6．develop： v. 發(fā)展
developing表示“正在發(fā)展中的”
developed表示“發(fā)達(dá)的，已發(fā)展的”。
e．g：China is a developing country, while America is a developed country. 中國是發(fā)展中國家，而美國是發(fā)達(dá)國家。
還可用more/less修飾developed, 表達(dá)“較發(fā)達(dá)/不太發(fā)達(dá)”
7．A UN repost says that the world population will pass six billion by the end of the twentieth century.
一份聯(lián)合國報告說，到二十世紀(jì)末，世界人口將超過60億。
by：“到……為止”。
e. g： I have learned 500 words by the end of last month.
到上個月末為止，我已學(xué)了500個詞。
【常用單詞積累】
population , billion , increase , wonder , size , produce , mouth , multiply , challenge , grow , beginning , century , square , hardly , room , space , by , cost , worth , second hand , used , result , price , search , internet , download , information , chart , path , plan
slow down/slow up使慢下來，減緩population increase人口增長hour after hour一小時接一小時地produce food生產(chǎn)糧食multiply…by…把……和……相乘grow faster and faster增長得越來越快at the beginning of在……初期/開始的時候standing room only只有立足之地as little as 少則as much as多則prefer…rather than 喜歡……勝過worth more than two million Yuan值兩百多萬元for holiday度假be busy doing sth. 忙于做search the internet網(wǎng)上查找資料/查英特網(wǎng)become interested in對……產(chǎn)生興趣download the information從網(wǎng)上下載信息make a chart畫一幅航線圖start with從……開始end with在……結(jié)束travel path=the path of travel旅程/旅游線路
【基礎(chǔ)知識精講】
1. What's the population of Germany?德國有多少人口?或德國的人口是多少?
回答是：The population of Germany is about eighty-two million.
問人口有多少還可以說：
How many people are there in Germany?
回答是：There are about eighty-two million people in Germany.
the population of Germany德國的人口。
再如：
the world's population=the population of the world世界人口
2. I don't know if it will increase. 我不知道它(人口)是否還會增長。
increase增長，增加，在句中作動詞用
例如：
The driver increased speed. 那司機增加了速度。
The population of China has greatly increased in the last few years. 幾年來中國人口增加了許多。
Our difficulties are increasing. 我們的困難在增加。
increase也可作名詞用
例如：the population increase人口的增長
3. I wonder if that's a lot of people for the size of the country. 我不知這個國家是否能容納這么多人口。
① wonder=want to know極想知道/不知道，對……感到奇怪/懷疑
例如：I wonder who he is , where he came from and why he come. 我不知道他是誰，從 哪里來，來干什么。
I wonder if you would mind helping me. 不知你是否能幫幫我的忙。
② for the size of the country 對國家的領(lǐng)土而言
size規(guī)模、尺寸、大小the size of the country國家的大小/領(lǐng)土
4. What can be done to slow down the population increase?能采取什么措施來減緩人口的增長呢?
slow down減緩、減慢，使慢下來=slow up
例如：
Slow down before you reach the crossroad. 在你到達(dá)十字路口以前應(yīng)該減速。
All this conversation slows down the action of the play. 所有這些對話使劇情緩慢。
5. Standing room only. 只有立足之地。
room在此處意為“地方，空間”是不可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞。
room當(dāng)“房間”講時，是可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面有冠詞。
例如：The house has three rooms. 這幢房子有3個房間。
6. During that time the population of the world increased by 259. 一分鐘內(nèi)世界人口增加259人。
① during that time , that time指上句中的one minute
② by 259 , “by” means “to the extent of”到……程度
7. So it goes , hour after hour. 像這樣一小時接一小時地增長下去
hour after hour一小時接一小時的
又如：day after day一天又一天
8. In one day people have to produce food for over 370，000 more mouths. 每天 ,人們必須為所增長的37萬人生產(chǎn)糧食。
① produce food 生產(chǎn)糧食
② for over 370，000 more mouths 為(每天)增加的37萬張嘴/個人
9. Multiple this by 365. 用這個數(shù)(370，000) 乘以365.
multiply乘，使相乘
例如：multiply five by three 以3乘5
multiply five and three 把5和3相乘
10. The increasing population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.
人口的增長可能對當(dāng)今世界是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。
11. The world's population is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增長得越來越快。
faster and faster越來越快。
兩個形容詞或副詞的比較級用and連在一起，表示逐漸增長，意為“越來越……”
例如：He studies harder and harder. 他學(xué)習(xí)越來越努力。
The weather gets warmer and warmer. 天氣變得越來越暖和
Our life is becoming better and better. 我們的生活變得越來越好。
兩個多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞的比較級用and連接時的結(jié)構(gòu)為more and more+多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞。
例如：Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的國家變得越來越美麗。
12. At the beginning of the twentieth century , the world's population was about 1，700 million. 二十世紀(jì)初，世界人口大約是17億。
① at the beginning of在……初，在……開始的時間
② the twentieth century 二十世紀(jì)，須用序數(shù)詞而不用基數(shù)詞，并加定冠詞。
century(=a hundred years)“世紀(jì)，百年”是可數(shù)名詞。
例如：the fifties of the 19th century 十九世紀(jì)五十年代
13. People say that by the year 2010 , it may be seven billion. 據(jù)說到2010年時，可能會有七十億。
“by” means “not later than” ,到……之前，不遲于
14. That means that in about 600 years , there will be standing room only on the earth. 那就是說，大約過600年以后，地球上只有立足之地了。
in…years/months /weeks /days在……年(月、周、日)以后，用于將來時態(tài)
例如：He will be back in two weeks. 他兩周之后回來。
辨析：after…years/months /weeks/days在……年(月、周、日)以后，相當(dāng)于……years/ months/ weeks/ days later ,用于一般過去時態(tài)。
例如：He went to Wuhan last Monday. After two days(Two days later) he come back. 上周一他去了武漢，兩周后他回來了。
15. Each person will have between one half to one square metres of space to live in. 每個人將會只有0. 5到1平方米的地方住。
space意為“地方，空間”，不可數(shù)名詞。
例如：There isn't enough space in this classroom for thirty desks. 這個教室容納不下三十張桌子。
Do you have enough space to work in?你有足夠的地方工作嗎?
16. The population of the more developed countries. 比較發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口。
the more developed countries比較發(fā)達(dá)國家
the less developed countries不太發(fā)達(dá)國家
the developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國家
the developing countries發(fā)展中國家
17. When their car becomes old , they prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 當(dāng)他們的車舊了以后，他們喜歡去買一輛新的，而不愿意去修它。
prefer過去式和過去分詞以及-ing形式要雙寫最后那個字母，preferred , preferring。
prefer…rather than…喜歡……勝過
例如：He prefers to write his letter rather than dictate them. 他喜歡自己寫信，而不愿口授令人筆錄。
辨析：prefer…to…喜歡……勝過……
例如：I prefer walking to cycling. 我喜歡步行勝過騎自行車。
He prefers bananas to apples. 他喜歡香蕉勝過蘋果。
18. How much does a car cost in China?在中國一輛小汽車值多少錢?
cost價值(若干)，花(多少錢)
例如：The house cost him ￡3，000. 此屋花了他三千磅。
The dress cost me ￥ 200. 這條裙子花了我二百元人民幣。
19. It can cost as little as 50，000 yuan and as much as 300，000 yuan. 可能少則五萬元，多則三十萬元。
as little as和……一樣少，少則……
as much as 和……一樣多，多則……
20. That's worth more than two million yuan in China. 那在中國要值兩百多萬元(人民幣)。
worth 值，相等于……之價值
例如：I paid only ￡300 for this used car but it's worth much more.
我付出三百磅買了這部舊車子，但是它值得多的多呢。
be worth doing 值得做……
例如：This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得讀。
He says life wouldn't be worth living without friendship. 他常說無友誼人生沒有活下去的價值。
21. As he was busy searching the internet , he became interested in how different countries were. 當(dāng)他忙于在網(wǎng)上查找資料時，他對各國的不同之處產(chǎn)生了興趣。
①be busy doing sth = be busy with sth/doing sth 忙于做某事
如: He is busy doing his homework = He is busy with his homework. 他忙于做作業(yè)。
② search the internet在網(wǎng)上查找資料，搜尋網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息
③ become /be interested in 對……產(chǎn)生/感興趣= show interest in
例如：He became interested in science when he was only a child. 當(dāng)他是一個小孩時就對科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。
She is very interested in English. 她對英語很感興趣。= She shows great interest in English.
22. He wanted to start with the smallest country and end with the largest one.
他想從最小的國家開始他的旅程，到最大的國家結(jié)束他的旅程。
start with 以/從……開始/開頭
end with 到/在……結(jié)束/結(jié)尾
例如：The word “population” begins with “p” and ends with “n”.
單詞population以字母p開頭，n結(jié)尾。
23. Help him make a better travel plan. 幫他訂一個更好的旅行計劃。
make a plan 或make plans訂/作計劃
例如：They are busy making plans for their summer holidays. 他們正忙于訂
暑假的計劃。
【單元知識綱要】
類別
語言項目
課次
要求
詞匯
on the earth hour after hour mouth grow(grew ,grown) beginning at the beginning of by
L. 78
四會
population billion India century following
L. 78
三 會
UN=the United Nations
L. 78
二會
日常交際用語
What's the population of. . . ?It's about 1. 2 billion. What does . . . mean? That means. . .
L. 79
三會
語法
數(shù)詞的讀法過去將來時態(tài)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
三會理解
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
1. 選擇填空：
the population of Germany?
A. How much is B. How many are
C. What is D. what are
解析：此題要考查學(xué)生初步了解對人口提問所用的疑問句，掌握population的用法，population是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“人口”，用作主語時動詞須用單數(shù)形式。 對population提問時不用how much和how many要用what。故此題應(yīng)選C，表示人口多用“l(fā)arge”，表示人口少用small。
例如：China has the largest population in the world. 中國的人口在世界上最多。
2. 譯：一周之后我將來拜訪你。
錯譯：I will come to visit you after a week.
正確翻譯：I will come to visit you in a week.
解析：將來時態(tài)一段一問之后用in+一段時間表示。如：in two hours ,in three months , in a year. 而after a week用于一般過去時態(tài)中，相當(dāng)于a week later 。
【閱讀分析點撥】
讀短文并選擇
The police 1 a report that six men had stopped a truck. It was carrying two bags 2 something important. The six men had gone when the policed arrived. After locking for three hours , the police found the truck and the driver's hands 3 behind his car. The bad man had put 4 round his mouth so that he would not shout. The police climbed into the back of the truck and freed(松綁) the driver. They asked him what had happened.
“I was stopped soon 5 I left the bank ,” the driver said , “six men stopped me and made me 6 the river. `If you shout' , one of them said ,‘we will cut you 7 pieces! ’When I got to the river , they tied me up. Then they 8 me into the back of the truck. There were two bags in it and they took one of them. ”
“ 9 money was there in the bag?” a policeman asked.
“There was not any money in it at all. ” the driver laughed. “Only some letters , the money was in this one. I was 10 it for three hours!”
( )1. A. heard from B. received C. could receive D. gave
( )2. A. fill with B. filled C. full of D. full
( )3. A. were tired B. tying C. were held D. held
( )4. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
( )5. A. before B. after C. if D. until
( )6. A. to drive B. to drive to C. drive D. drive for
( )7. A. like B. as C. in D. into
( )8. A. would throw B. wanted to throw C. threw D. carry
( )9. A. How many B. How much C. Whose D. Which
( )10. A. sitting on B. sitting in C. sitting D. sitting down
分析：
1. B. 由于A中hear from后要接人既hear from sb。此短語是在介紹一個事情故不能加情態(tài)動詞，所以C不對，D詞義不對。
2. C. full of something important整個短語作定語修飾bags。A是動詞詞組不能作定語，B中改為filled with才對。
3. A. were tired behind his back. 被綁在背后(被動語態(tài))。
4. A. 某件東西，肯定句用something , nothing含否定意義既沒有東西，anything，用于疑問句和否定句中，everything意為“一切東西”。
5. B. after 在……之后，soon after 相當(dāng)于as soon as 一……就……
6. C. make sb. do sth. ,故A、B不對，“開往”應(yīng)為drive to
7. D. cut … into pieces. 固定搭配，意為“把……切成一塊一塊地”
8. C. 此短文講述的是過去的一件事，說明當(dāng)時的事實，故用threw。
9. B. money為不可數(shù)名詞，故用how much提問。
10. A. sit 為不及物動詞，“坐在……上面”應(yīng)用“sit on”
【有關(guān)"Unit 20 The world s population" 的教學(xué)設(shè)計】
教學(xué)設(shè)計1. The World's Population
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
population , billion , India , following , grow , beginning , century . UN , at the beginning of , the more developed countries , the less developed countries , the developing countries , in the year 2000 , hour after hour , on the earth
Ⅱ. 句型結(jié)構(gòu)
What's the population of Germany ?
By what year will the world's population reach 6 billion ?
I didn't know that China's population would grow so fast .
We never asked what would happen to the world .
Ⅲ. 課文學(xué)習(xí)
本單元的中心話題是當(dāng)代人類最為關(guān)注的人口問題，通過學(xué)習(xí)課文了解世界人口的狀況
并學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時的用法。語法重點學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
教學(xué)設(shè)計2. 初三第二十單元
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
3.??Dí:
1)Make sure that it is straight.
2)Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.
3)The ground must be just right---neither too wet nor too dry.
4)It’s best to plant trees in spring.
5)It’s ten metres long/wide/deep/high.
6)There are twenty more trees to be planted.
4.è?3￡ó?ó?:
1)-Will you help me plant this tree,please?
-Of course. What do you want me to do?
2)Is it straight? More or less.
3)That’s done. What’s the next?
4)The more, the better.
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)過程
【關(guān)于“Unit 20 The world s population”的常見問題】
常見問題1: Unit20 The world s population
問題：
補全對話
A: Have you read today's newspaper?
B: No , I haven't. Is there any important news?
A: There's a report about the population of our country. It says China had got another 16，000，000 people in 1990.
B: Oh , the population is 1 2 and 3 .
A: If the population 4 on increasing like this , it will be the biggest 5 in our country.
B: Of course it will. China has the 6 population in the world. The babies 7 in one year are almost as 8 as the population of Australia.
A: I'm afraid there will be standing 9 only in our country someday.
B: But. if every family has only one 10 , things will turn for the better.
解答:
解答：1. increasing或growing 2、3. faster 4. goes 5. problem 6. largest 7. born (后置定語) 8. many(前面說的是babies , 故用many) 9. room 10. Child
常見問題2: Unit20 The world s population
問題：
Sorry ,I can't answer your question I know about the news.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
解答:
B
常見問題3: Unit20 The world s population
問題：
I found the bottle in room.
A. Mary and Kate B. Mary's and Kate's
C. Mary's and Kate D. Mary and Kate's
解答:
D