Unit 15 The necklace
教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)講解
1.Each scene will give you a club that you can use to solve the mystery.
每個(gè)場(chǎng)景都會(huì)給你一個(gè)線索,你可以用來解開謎團(tuán)。
①scene是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“一場(chǎng),一個(gè)鏡頭;現(xiàn)場(chǎng);景色”
He added a new scene at the beginning. 在開頭他又加了一場(chǎng)戲。
We missed the first few scenes of the film.
我們錯(cuò)過了這場(chǎng)電影開始的幾個(gè)鏡頭。
The people crowded round the scene of the accident.
人們聚集在出事地點(diǎn)周圍。
②mystery是可數(shù)名詞,意為“神秘的事”。例如:
How the Pyramids were built is still a mystery.
金字塔是怎樣建造起來的仍然是個(gè)謎。
mystery也可作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“神秘狀態(tài),神秘處”。例如:
The Lady’s mystery makes her charming. 那女士的神秘之處正是她魅力所在。mystery的形容詞形式是mysterious.
2.It got dark before they could get home,so the friends have to spend the night in the old Black Tower on the mountain.
他們還沒到家,天就黑了,因此這幾個(gè)朋友只好在山上的老黑塔里度過這個(gè)夜晚。
before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其基本意思是“在……之前”,但在不同的語(yǔ)境中,可有不同的理解。我們?cè)谏蠈W(xué)期學(xué)過這樣的句子:
①It took them seven years before they got married.(…才)
②Before she could think twice,the water was upon her.(還沒來得及…就)
③If we know more about what causes endangerment,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.(趁著…)
3.I’m sorry,but I don’t think I know you. 對(duì)不起,但是我想我不認(rèn)得你,I don’t think I know you為否定轉(zhuǎn)移,類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有believe,suppose,imagine,expect等。否定轉(zhuǎn)移就是把主句變成否定句,而賓語(yǔ)從句變成肯定句,但主句的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱,這種句子在漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式正好相反。例如:
I don’t believe she has lost the necklace. 我認(rèn)為她并沒有丟失項(xiàng)鏈。
I don’t suppose they’ll be back tonight. 我想他們今晚不會(huì)來了。
如果這類句子要改寫成反意疑問句,則當(dāng)依據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句及“否定 肯定”的原則來寫。故上面兩句的反意疑問句分別為:……,has she?……,will they?但如果主句的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱,而是第二、三人稱,則反意疑問句當(dāng)根據(jù)主句來改寫。例如:
You don’t think she is able to work out this problem,do you?
你認(rèn)為她不能夠解決這個(gè)問題,是不是?
He didn’t think I understood him,did he?
他認(rèn)為我不理解他,是不是?
4.In fact you do,but you may not remember me.
事實(shí)上你認(rèn)識(shí)我,但你也許不記得我了。
In fact you do = In fact you know me.
do,does,did可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞。例如:
①-May I call on you in the morning? -Yes, please do.
②He does the dog more than his wife does.
5.I didn’t recognize you. 我剛才沒認(rèn)出你來。
過去時(shí)在語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用起來往往有較大的靈活性,可表示在說話之前的情況,意為“剛剛……”,“原先……”,“原來……”等,注意不能憑漢語(yǔ)思維去解題。本知識(shí)點(diǎn)在高考中多次出現(xiàn)。例如:
①Hello,I _______ you _______ in London. How long have you been here?
A.don’t know;were B.hadn’t known;are
C.haven’t known;are D.didn’t know;were
②The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk,right under my nose.
A.think;lost B.thought;had lost
C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost
答案分別為DB
6.That’s because of hard work-ten years of hard work.
那是因?yàn)閯诶鄣木壒?-十年的辛苦勞作。
①ten years of hard work = ten years’ hard work 英語(yǔ)中常常用到這種of結(jié)構(gòu),以使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。如:
He has completed sixty years of teaching.
Four hours of bus ride made all of us tired.
②because of是介詞短語(yǔ),跟名詞或代詞,意思與because一樣,“為了,由于”例如:
I’ll choose that suit because of its style. 由于那套服裝的顏色我會(huì)選擇它。
Mother got angry because of what you did.
7.Years of hard work,very little food,only a small cold room to live in and never,never a moment’s rest.
多年勞累,食不果腹,寒舍斗室,無(wú)從休息。
①這段話四個(gè)名詞詞組構(gòu)成,表明了四個(gè)完整的意思,這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫單成分句。它本身就是一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的語(yǔ)言單位,無(wú)需補(bǔ)充其他的句子成分。使用這種單成分句顯得言簡(jiǎn)意明,深刻感人。
②to live in是不定式作定語(yǔ),修飾room。注意在作后置定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的不定式中,如果構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,那么動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞之間一般構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;但如果構(gòu)成不定式的是不及物動(dòng)物,或及物動(dòng)詞已有賓語(yǔ),后面就需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯介賓關(guān)系。
8.That has been my life for the past ten years.那就是我過去十年的生活。
①for the past ten years中的for也可換成in,during或over,在說到“在過去……時(shí)間里”,句子的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
in the past意為“在過去”,指遙遠(yuǎn)的過去,與現(xiàn)在截然分開,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),
比較:In the past,I always thought you were my friend.
Great changes have taken place in the past 20 years in China.
9.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago. when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?
10年前的一個(gè)下午,我到你家借過一條項(xiàng)鏈,你還記得嗎?
句中when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞one afternoon,ten years ago是定語(yǔ),也修飾one afternoon,定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分隔開來,這叫作分隔定語(yǔ)從句。如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited.(who引起的定語(yǔ)從句被in my office分隔。)
The necklace was gone that Mathile borrowed from her good friend Jeanne.(that引起的定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)分隔)
10.I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.
我是我們辦公室里唯一被邀請(qǐng)的,我已經(jīng)寫信接受邀請(qǐng)了。
accept“接受、接納”,它表示的行為不僅有receive的含義,而且是主觀意愿決定的,含有承諾之意。
receive“接到,收到”,指客觀上收到,與主觀意愿沒什么關(guān)系,另外,receive還有“接納,接待”例如:
Jason received many presents on his birthday. Jason在生日那天收到許多禮物。
Max was warmly received there. Max在那兒受到熱情接待。
I cannot accept your offer of help. 我不能接受你的主動(dòng)幫助。
He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.
他向她求婚。她答應(yīng)了。
11.But,just this once. After all,this ball is very important.
不過,就只這么一次。這次舞會(huì)畢竟很重要啊。
①just this once是一個(gè)單成分句,其本身是一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的語(yǔ)言單位,不需要增補(bǔ)其它的句子成分,意思是承接上文而來--雖然要花一大筆錢,但是要花就花這一次吧。在注釋7條已經(jīng)解釋過。
②after all“畢竟”、“終究”、“到底”,它有兩個(gè)含意:
1)“要知道……”,“別忘了……”,表示說話人對(duì)別人的態(tài)度,用來說服或提醒對(duì)方,引出聽話人似乎忘記了的某個(gè)重要的論點(diǎn)或理由。在表示這個(gè)意思時(shí),一般把a(bǔ)fter all放在句首。課文的句子就有這層含意。又如:
It’s not surprising you’re tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night!
難怪你感到疲倦。別忘了,你昨天晚上11點(diǎn)才睡覺呢。
2)“雖然有前面說過的話”或“和預(yù)期的情況相反”,表示說話人意思的轉(zhuǎn)折,有“雖然……,但畢竟……”的含意。在表示這層意思時(shí),after all一般放在句末。例如:
Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace,but it wasn’t a real one after all.
Mathilde原以為那是一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈,但那終歸不是真的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈。
12.I have no jewellery to wear. 我還沒有首飾戴呢!
①wear“穿著,戴著”,表示穿戴的狀態(tài),也可以表示留發(fā)式、留胡須、戴手表、首飾等。
She was wearing a gold ring/ a red flower in her hair.
她戴著金戒指/頭上戴著一朵紅花。
Many women wear their hair short now.
現(xiàn)在很多婦女留短發(fā)。
We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.
我們戴太陽(yáng)鏡以保護(hù)我們的眼睛免遭太陽(yáng)曬傷。
與wear的同義詞還有:dress,have on,put on,in,with
②dress作不及物動(dòng)詞“穿好衣服”,作及物動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),賓語(yǔ)只能是“人”,不能接衣服,表示“給……穿衣服”。
She washed,dressed and went out.
Mary is too young to dress herself.
be dressed in表示某人穿著什么衣服
The nurses are all dressed in white.
③have on(=be wearing)“穿著、戴著”(衣服、帽子、鞋),表示狀態(tài),不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
The Emperor had nothing on in the procession.
游行時(shí),皇帝一絲不掛。
④put on“穿戴”表示動(dòng)作,反義詞為take off.
It’s cold today. You’d better put on more clothes.
⑤in后接衣服,也可接顏色,可作定語(yǔ)或和be連用作謂語(yǔ)。
The man in blue is our teacher.
⑥with表示穿戴、只能作定語(yǔ),而且只能和眼鏡、手套等連用,不能接衣服。
The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.
13.Does that matter? Can’t you just wear a flower instead?
這要緊嗎?難道不可以戴朵花嗎?
①matter用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“很要緊”、“重要”、“有很大關(guān)系”。如:
Does it matter if we’re a bit late? 我們晚到一會(huì)兒有關(guān)系嗎?
It doesn’t matter if you’re late--we’ll wait for you.
您來晚了也不要緊--我們會(huì)等著您的。
②Can’t you wear a flower instead? 是一個(gè)否定疑問句,這類用can’t / don’t haven’t / aren’t等開頭的否定疑問句常用來表示說話者對(duì)某事感到驚訝、意外,并含有批評(píng)、責(zé)難之意,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“難道……嗎?”如:
Don’t you know her name? She is your music teacher.
Can’t you help your good friend? Just this once.
難道你不該幫助你的好朋友嗎?就這一次呀!
14.Everybody else will be wearing jewellery。別人都將戴著首飾。
will be wearing是將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)候在做的事,也可表示按計(jì)劃安排將來要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作,這一結(jié)構(gòu)不帶感情色彩,有時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的口氣。如:
What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?
I hope you’ll be sending her over soon.
我希望你很快把她送過來。
15.She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁給了一位很有錢的人。marry可作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“嫁”、“娶”解。
His daughter married a handsome man. 她女兒嫁給了一個(gè)英俊的小伙子。
John is going to marry Alice. 約翰要娶愛麗斯。
marry還可作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“結(jié)婚”
He married late in life. 他結(jié)婚很晚。
表示“與某人結(jié)婚”時(shí),可用be married(to sb)表示狀態(tài),可延續(xù);get married(to sb)表示動(dòng)作,不延續(xù)。例如:
Mary has been married to Smith for twenty years.
16.So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery.
①so是連詞,作“因此”,“于是”,“這樣”解,用來承上啟下,表示話語(yǔ)的邏輯順序,也可以把so放在句首,和前面的句子相連。
You aren’t listening, so I’ll shut up. 你們不聽,我也就不講了。
So she had to marry a man she didn’t like.
②call on/upon 作“訪問”、“看望”、“拜訪”解,常指正式的社交或業(yè)務(wù)往來(to visit sb. formally, either socially or on business).例如:
call at后接地點(diǎn),表示到某處去拜訪某人
pay a visit與visit同義,是正式用語(yǔ),常表示進(jìn)行時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的訪問,既可指進(jìn)行友好的社交性的訪問,也可指因職務(wù)關(guān)系而進(jìn)行的訪問。
when does she visit you again?
Last night I called on Mr Black and had a long talk with him.
Perhaps we’ll pay a visit to China next month.
我們也許會(huì)在下個(gè)月訪問中國(guó)。
17.Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
我和比爾在舞會(huì)上的確玩得很痛快。
①注意本句中的Pierre and I,一般不說I and Pierre. 英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣把別人放在前面,而把自己放在后面,以示謙遜,如he and I,my brother and I而漢語(yǔ)通常說“我和他”,“我和弟弟”,例如:
Mr White and I were invited to the ball.
我和懷特先生受到邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)。
但在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候,英語(yǔ)往往是把I放在其他人的前面,以示勇于認(rèn)錯(cuò)。例如:
I and Mr White are to blame. 我和我兄弟犯了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
②Pierre and I did have a good time…中的did是助動(dòng)詞,用在肯定句中,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,常有感情色彩,可譯成“真的”、“的確”等詞語(yǔ)。其后的動(dòng)詞要用原形。又如:
You do look nice today. 你今天看來真是漂亮。
We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我們的確需要幫助。
③ball指布置豪華考究的舞會(huì)。如:the royal ball皇家舞會(huì)
dance為一般用語(yǔ),泛指有跳舞行為的聚會(huì),普通的舞會(huì)。
party指聚會(huì)、集合、宴會(huì),主要表示邀請(qǐng)有關(guān)人士到一起聚會(huì)、聚餐或祝賀某人的生日等,也可跳舞。
18.During the next ten years we both worked day and night to pay for it.
在后來的十年里為了償還這筆借款,我們兩個(gè)不分晝夜地干活。
①day and night = night and day“日日夜夜,不分晝夜”是名詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)。
如:He worked day and night to support his family.為了養(yǎng)家糊口,他日夜工作。
②pay back“償還;還錢”,可用來表示“還錢給某人”pay back money to sb,也可說“還錢作為支付……的費(fèi)用”pay back the money for sth,也可作“報(bào)復(fù)”解pay for意為“支付……的費(fèi)用”。其常用句型是:pay for sth;pay sb for sth;pay(sb)some money for sth.或pay some money to sb. for sth.
pay off one’s debts 還清債務(wù)
例如:We must pay the money back to you tomorrow.
我們明天一定還你錢。
I paid them 5 pounds for the book.我付了他們5英鎊買那本書。
Soon they paid off the debts. 不久他們就把債務(wù)全部還清了。
19.It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它最多值500法郎。
①at the most = at most最多、至多
I can pay you 10 pounds at(the)most. 我最多付你10英鎊.
There were only 30 people at the meeting at(the)most.
最多只有30個(gè)人參加了那個(gè)會(huì)議。
比較:at least 至少,最少 如:
He is at least as tall as you. 他至少和你一樣高。
②worth的用法
sth. be worth + n 值多少錢
doing 值得做……
The book is worth 10 dollars.
This film is worth seeing.
He said life wouldn’ t be worth living without friendship.
他說人生若沒有友情就不值得活下去。
注意1)be worth后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,并且它與前面主語(yǔ)存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以不用被動(dòng)。
2)如果說“很值得”,應(yīng)說be well worth而不能用very,very much等。
③cost和worth在漢語(yǔ)意思上有相同意思,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上有所不同。
sth. cost+ money = be worth + money.(cost為動(dòng)詞,而worth為形容詞)
cost還可以構(gòu)成sth.cost sb. + money表“某物花了某人多少錢”或“某人花了多少錢買某物”。例如:
The necklace cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
cost還可以用來構(gòu)成it cost+money to do sth. 表“花多少錢做某事”。例如:
It cost seven thousand yuan to buy this computer.
花了七千元買這一臺(tái)電腦。