單元目標(biāo)
1.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容,使學(xué)生了解動(dòng)物冬眠的知識(shí),并培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛(ài)動(dòng)物,保護(hù)動(dòng)物的意識(shí).
2.掌握派生構(gòu)詞的主要形式
派生是指一個(gè)詞加上前綴(prefix)或后綴(suffix)變成一個(gè)新詞.加后綴一般改變?cè)~性,派生詞的詞義與原詞有聯(lián)系.
、儆蓜(dòng)詞派生成名詞的主要形式
read讀-reader讀者
visit拜訪-visitor拜訪者
direct指導(dǎo)-director導(dǎo)演
beg乞討-beggar乞丐
train訓(xùn)練-trainer教練
wait等待-waiter/waitress侍者
act表演-actor/actress演員
express表達(dá)-expression表達(dá),詞句
decide決定-decision決定
permit允許-permission允許
achieve獲得-achievement成就
govern管理-government政府
advertise登廣告-advertisement廣告
agree同意-agreement同意
announce宣告-announcement宣告
liberate解放-liberation解放
educate教育-education教育
invent發(fā)明-invention發(fā)明
invite邀請(qǐng)-invitation請(qǐng)柬
satisfy滿意-satisfaction滿意
inform通知-information信息
describe描寫(xiě)-description描述
build建造-building建筑物
hear聽(tīng)-hearing聽(tīng)力
cross越過(guò)-crossing十字路口
、谟擅~派生成形容詞的主要形式
use用處-useful有用的
health健康-healthy健康的
wonder奇跡-wonderful精彩的
care小心-careful小心
help幫助-helpful有幫助的
home家-homeless無(wú)家可歸的
care小心-careless粗心的
soul靈魂-soulless無(wú)靈魂的
science科學(xué)-scientific科學(xué)的
revolution革命-revolutionary革命的
sun太陽(yáng)-sunny陽(yáng)光充足的
anger憤怒-angry憤怒的
cloud云-cloudy多云的
danger危險(xiǎn)-dangerous危險(xiǎn)的
fame名聲-famous著名的
nerve神經(jīng)-nervous神經(jīng)緊張的
nation國(guó)家-national國(guó)家的
friend朋友-friendly友好的
表解重點(diǎn)
掌握復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成和運(yùn)用
①形容詞(數(shù)詞)+名詞+ed
a kindhearted man一個(gè)好心人
warm blooded animals溫血?jiǎng)游?/p>
a three legged table 三條腿的桌子
one eyed man獨(dú)眼人
②形容詞(副詞,名詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞
hardworking Chinese people
勤勞的中國(guó)人民
peace loving countries
愛(ài)好和平的國(guó)家
③名詞(副詞)+過(guò)去分詞
the snow covered ground
白雪覆蓋的地面
the ndly built factory
新建的工廠
④名詞(形容詞)+形容詞
world famous cities
世界聞名的城市
the dark blue skirt
深藍(lán)的裙子
⑤數(shù)詞+名詞
a ten year plan
十年計(jì)劃
a five meter long rope
五米長(zhǎng)的繩子
討論難點(diǎn)
單詞辨析
1.deep與deeply
、賒eep可做形容詞,又可做副詞,表示“深的”.例如:The hole is very deep.(deep是形容詞)這個(gè)洞很深.They dug deep into the hole.(deep是副詞)他們深挖到洞里.
、赿eep加后綴ly也可構(gòu)成副詞deeply,使用時(shí)一般具有抽象意義,譯為
“深深地,深厚地,深切地”.例如:
I’m deeply moved by what he said.我被他所說(shuō)的話深深地感動(dòng)了.
2.fairly與rather
這兩個(gè)詞均為程度副詞,譯為“相當(dāng)”,它們的主要區(qū)別如下:
、僬Z(yǔ)序的區(qū)別.試比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
This is a fairly/rather interesting book.
This is rather a boring book.
、谡Z(yǔ)義的差異:rather經(jīng)常帶有“過(guò)分”的含義(=too much),通常表示貶義.而fairly則無(wú)此意,通常表示褒義.試比較:
It’s fairly cool today.今天挺涼爽的.
It’s rather hot here. 這里有點(diǎn)太熱了.
③結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別:rather可以與比較級(jí)連用,可以說(shuō)rather hotter,但是不能說(shuō)fairly hotter.
rather后面可加too,而fairly后面則不能.例如:
This book is rather too difficult for me.這本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難.
核心知識(shí)
1.口語(yǔ)交際:學(xué)會(huì)給別人提建議的常用表達(dá)方式
You’d better....
You should/ought to....
I suggest that....
What/How about...?
Why not...?
Why don’t you...?
Let’s....
例如:
、資ou’d better ask your teacher for some advice.
你最好征求-些老師的建議.
、-I usually go to work by train.我通常乘火車(chē)去上班.
-Why not try going by bus for a change?為什么不試著改變-下乘汽車(chē)去?
2.詞組及句型學(xué)習(xí)
、賅hat do you suggest I see?你建議我到那些地方去觀光呢?
句中的I see是賓語(yǔ)從句(that I should see)的省略.
當(dāng)suggest解釋為“建議”時(shí),可用于向?qū)Ψ教峤ㄗh或勸告.后面可直接跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞/代詞作賓語(yǔ),也可跟從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略.例如:
We suggest going there by plane.我們建議乘飛機(jī)去那里.
The teacher suggested some books for me to read.老師向我建議讀幾本書(shū).
I suggest that he should go to see a doctor.我建議他去看醫(yī)生.
He suggests that the meeting should be held this week.他建議會(huì)議這星期開(kāi).
、贒o what you feel like!
feel like doing sth.譯為“想要做某事,喜歡做某事”.例如:
Do you feel like a walk with me?你喜歡和我一起去散步嗎?
I don’t feel like watching TV all day long.不喜歡整天看電視.
③I’d come too if I had time to spare.要是我有空余的時(shí)間我也要去.
此句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,if引導(dǎo)的從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件,實(shí)際情況是我沒(méi)有空余的時(shí)間.在這種對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況進(jìn)行虛擬的非真實(shí)條件句中,if從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(如果是be動(dòng)詞,則不論人稱(chēng),一般用were);主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形).例如:
If I were you.I would apologize to the teacher.
如果我是你的話,我會(huì)向老師道歉.
If I had lots of money,I would support all the poor village children to
school.But I’m only a student now.
如果我有很多的錢(qián),我會(huì)支持所有的農(nóng)村孩子去上學(xué).可是我現(xiàn)在還是一個(gè)學(xué)生.
④A good many animals sleep under the snow.很多動(dòng)物睡在雪下.
a good/great many譯為“很多”,后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞.例如:
A good many friends took part in my birthday party.
很多朋友參加了我的生日晚會(huì).
表示“許多”或“大量”這一意思的詞組有:
a large/great number of+可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式)
a large quantity of
a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
plenty of(復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式)
a large quantity of/large quantities of
a great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式)
a large/great amount of
注意:a large quantity of后面的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)視其所修飾的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而定,而large quantities of不管后接可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞均常用復(fù)數(shù).例如:
A large quantity of medicine has been sent to this area.
A large quantity of books are needed in the country.
Large quantities of food have been supplied by this factory.
Large quantities of tigers were killed in the past.
、 There is a lot of air in loose snow,and this helps to keep the cold out.
松散的雪里有大量的空氣,這有助于御寒.
keep sb./sth.out (of...)譯為“不使入內(nèi),(使)......在外”例如:
Please close the window to keep the cold out.請(qǐng)關(guān)上窗以防寒冷.
Danger! Keep out!危險(xiǎn)!切勿入內(nèi)!
⑥Some warm blooded animals,like the cat,the dog or the wolf,do not need to hibernate;they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.
有些溫血?jiǎng)游,如貓、狗和狼,不需要冬眠.它們過(guò)著很活躍的生活,這使它們即使在嚴(yán)寒的冬天也能保持正常的體溫.
A.這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句.分號(hào)前是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,其中“l(fā)ike...the wolf”是介詞短語(yǔ),做非限制性定語(yǔ).分號(hào)后是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是they lead an active life,后面跟一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.
B.句中the cat,the dog,the wolf不是特指某一只貓、狗、狼,而是指貓、狗、狼的整個(gè)類(lèi)屬,定冠詞在此處表示類(lèi)別.
The tiger and the lion belong to the cat family.老虎和獅子屬于貓科.
不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞都可以表示事物的類(lèi)別.
The horse is a useful animal.
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物.
C.keep up譯為“保持(某種高度,不下降),維持,繼續(xù)”.例如:
When people move to another country,they often try to keep up the customs of their native land.當(dāng)人們移居別國(guó)時(shí),總是盡力保持他們?cè)械娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣.
Well done.Keep it up!做得好!堅(jiān)持下去!
⑦Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
于是它別無(wú)選擇,只好躺下睡覺(jué).but在此句中是介詞,在一般情況下,介詞后面不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ),但介詞except和but后面可以接不定式.意思是“除了……以外”(=except),往往用于有否定含義的句中(no/not...but...除……之外,別無(wú)).而且應(yīng)注意當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是do時(shí),則后面的不定式符號(hào)常被省略.例如:
There is no one in the classroom but me.教室里除了我以外沒(méi)有別人.
The last bus had gone.We could do nothing but walk home.
末班車(chē)開(kāi)走了,我們只好走路回家.
He has no desire but to pass the exam.他沒(méi)有別的愿望,只想考試及格.
⑧Hibernation is more than sleeping.冬眠不是尋常意義上的睡眠.
此句中的more than相當(dāng)于not only,又如:
He is more than my teacher.He is also my friends.
他不僅僅是我的老師,也是我的朋友.
、幔,and the animal may breathe once every five minutes.
冬眠的動(dòng)物可能每五分鐘呼吸一次.
every與數(shù)詞連用,表示時(shí)間的間隔.
Take this medicine once every three hours.這藥每三小時(shí)服用一次.
Please copy the article every other line.請(qǐng)隔行抄寫(xiě)這篇文章.
、釿ou can touch it,or even pull its tail without causing it to move or wakeup.你可以摸它,甚至拉它的尾巴,也不會(huì)使它動(dòng)一動(dòng)或醒來(lái).
“cause sb./sth.to do sth.”使某人或某物做某事例如:
The north wind caused the temperature to drop.北風(fēng)使溫度下降了.
(11)The answer lies in two facts.可以從兩個(gè)方面的事實(shí)中得到答案.lie in在這里譯為“在于,全在”.
Successes lie in hard work.成功在于努力工作.
(12)The second is connected with the main use of food to supply the energy for movement.
第二是與食物對(duì)身體的主要用途,即食物供給身體活動(dòng)所需要的能量有關(guān).
A.be connected with“與有關(guān)”.例如:
The discussion will be connected closely with our work.
討論將和我們的工作密切相關(guān).
B.make use of譯為“利用”.名詞use前可使用一些修飾形容詞.例如:
make full use of充分利用
make main use of主要利用
make better use of更好地利用
make proper use of正確利用例如:
We should make full use of our natural resources.
我們必須充分利用我們的自然資源.
典型例題
NMET 2000 32
The WTO can’ t live up to its name ________ it doesn’t include a country that is home to one-fifth of mankind.
正確答案是C.要解答這道題,必須知道if和as long as在意思上的細(xì)微差別.a(chǎn)s long as在使用上比較主觀,感情比較強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)域,并通常解釋為“以……為前提,只要(on condintion that)”而if使用在比較客觀平穩(wěn)的語(yǔ)域,通常解釋為“假使,如果(supposing that)”.本是個(gè)客觀的評(píng)述,所以選擇A.
NMET 1995
-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
-It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the________ days at the seaside.
A.few last sunny B.last few sunny
C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
正確答案:B
解析:兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),形容詞的排列順序如下表所示:
指代性質(zhì)的形容詞
數(shù)量性質(zhì)的形容詞
形狀性質(zhì)的形容詞
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
放在冠詞前的形容詞
冠詞
指示形容詞所有形容詞
不定形容詞
序數(shù)
基數(shù)
性質(zhì)狀態(tài)形容詞
大小長(zhǎng)短形狀
新舊溫度
顏色
國(guó)籍
材料
名詞動(dòng)名詞
all both such what
the,a(n),you-
r,this that,those another
first
last
one
two
kind
good
large
long
old
new
red
green
China
iron
silk
boy
【關(guān)于“Unit12 Mainly revision”的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題1: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit 12 Mainly revision
問(wèn)題:
He is never late __________ work and his boss is always pleased with him.
His mother was never late___________ dinner and he can have dinner on time every day.
解答:
for;with
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題2: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit 12 Mainly revision
問(wèn)題:
The dog was so lovely that the boy threw a piece of meat ______ it.
The dog was so frightening that the boy threw a big stone _________ it.
解答:
to;at