【學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1)beyond, thirst, thus
2)go camping; put out; fix up; die of; be known as…; live by sth.(doing sth.); rather than…;give birth to; feed on; as a result; become experienced at…
3)catch sb. doing sth.; three times as many as…
2．課文掌握程度
1）了解Australia歷史、地理概況
2）復(fù)述閱讀課文。
3．重點(diǎn)語法
1)The V-ing Form as Object Complement
2)The V-ing Form as Adverbial
4．交際要求
Talk about how to go camping.
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)分析】
�。�，Yang Pei and Jackie are going camping in the Australian bush with some other friends.楊培和杰基準(zhǔn)備同幾個(gè)朋友到澳大利亞的叢林里去露營。
句中的"going camping"屬于"go doing"的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"去干某事"的意思，多指從事與體育、娛樂有關(guān)的活動(dòng)，例如：
go boating 去劃船 go camping去露營
go climbing 去登山 go cycling 去騎車
2，live by與live on的用法區(qū)別
live by意為"以……為生"， by后接動(dòng)名詞，表示方式； live on也作"以……為生"解釋，但on后接名詞，表示主語主要吃什么，即主食是什么或表示主語的收入。如：
They lived by fishing and hunting. 他們靠漁獵為生。
The six Indian blind men lived by begging. 這六個(gè)印度盲人靠乞討為生。
People in the south live on rice. 南方人以大米為主食。
Plants live on minerals from the earth. 植物靠土壤里的礦物質(zhì)維持生命。
I don't know what he lives on. 我不知道他靠什么過活。
They lived on a small income.他們靠微薄的收入維持生活。
3，rather than的幾種用法
1) rather than此處是介詞短語，意思是"與其"、"不是"，相當(dāng)于instead of。如：
I think you, rather than Mary, is to be punished.
我認(rèn)為該受懲罰的是你，而不是瑪麗。
Rather than fish, we'll have fried eggs and meat for lunch.
今天午餐吃煎蛋和肉，而沒有魚。
The colour seems green rather than blue.
這顏色看上去是綠的，而不是藍(lán)的。
I always prefer starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute. 任何事情我總是喜歡早點(diǎn)做，不要到最后。
I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我要喝冷飲，不想喝咖啡。
2)rather than可以和would連用，如would rather…than…或would…rather than…這時(shí)要注意"平?quot;問題，即其前后必須用相同的語法單位。如：
I'd rather have the red one than(have)the green one.
我寧愿要紅的，不愿要綠的。
I'd take the slowest train rather than go there by air.
我寧可乘坐最慢的火車也不愿坐飛機(jī)去那兒。
He would rather walk than drive. 他寧愿步行不愿開車。
I'd prefer to go in August rather than in July. 我愿八月去，不愿七月去。
I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我寧愿說她的頭發(fā)是栗色，而不是棕色。
【注意】I'd rather +動(dòng)詞原形，通常意為"我寧愿……"，相當(dāng)于"I'd prefer to…"，具有選擇意義，即"寧愿做……不愿做"。但是，當(dāng)后接動(dòng)詞like, enjoy, appreciate時(shí)，rather是一個(gè)程度副詞，象quite和fairly一樣無選擇意義，所以I'd rather like不是"我寧愿喜歡"，而是"我相當(dāng)（很）喜歡"。試比較下列句子：
①"I'd rather like a cup of coffee."
"Oh, would you? I'd rather have a beer. "
"我很想來杯咖啡。""噢，是嗎？我寧愿喝杯啤酒。"
�、赪e would rather appreciate your help. 我們非常感謝你的幫助。
③Which would you rather have, tea or coffee? 你更愿意喝什么，茶還是咖啡？
�、蹾e would rather enjoy seeing a film on Sundays. 他很喜歡在星期天看場電影。
3）在would rather前后可用不同的主語來表示某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事，這時(shí)，一般用過去時(shí)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖�。如�?/p>
"Shall I open a window? ""I'd rather you didn't."
"我開一扇窗好嗎""你最好別開。"
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.
明天別來，我希望你下周末來。
I'd rather you told me the truth. 我寧愿你給我講實(shí)話。
I'd rather you went home now. 我愿意讓你現(xiàn)在就回家。
4）談到過去的動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)。如：
I'd rather you hadn't done that.我真希望你沒做過那件事。
I'd wish you had answered the question. 我真希望你回答了這個(gè)問題。
I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我希望你沒做過那件事。
4，take place與happen的用法
固定詞組take place意為發(fā)生，舉行，多指舉行活動(dòng)，發(fā)生某事（可指發(fā)生好事或不好的事），happen多指發(fā)生意外事故，不幸的事。如：
The wedding will take place next week.婚禮定于下周舉行。（take place不能用happen代換）
The opening of the play will take place tomorrow night. 劇的首演式將于明晚舉行（take place不能用happen代換）
The accident took place only a block from my home.事故發(fā)生地離我家只一個(gè)街區(qū)。（took place可以用happened代換）
▲動(dòng)詞happen以及詞組take place, break out等只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如：
The conversation took place last night.談話于昨晚舉行。（不能說：The conversation was taken place last night.）
The car accident happened last week. 交通事故發(fā)生在上星期。（不能說：The car accident was happened last week.）
The war broke out in October. 戰(zhàn)爭于10月份爆發(fā)。（不能說：The war was broken out in October. ）
【注意】詞組take sb.' s place或take the place of sb./sth. 意為代替某人，某物，不可與take place混淆。如：
My brother is ill, and I've come to take his place.
我兄弟生病了，所以我來代替他。
Plastics have taken the place of many old materials.
塑料已經(jīng)取代許多舊材料。
5，They became experienced at finding underground springs.
他們對尋找地下泉水有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
experience n，經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)），經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）
experienced adj，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，與in、at連用。例如：
Experience is the best teacher。
This was another example of their lack of experience。
I′ve no experience of （in） teaching。
None of the others have lived my experiences。
He has had move than one experience of prison。
She was an experienced teacher。
They were quite experienced in teaching beginners。
He is very experienced in mending cars。
6，In area it is about the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which has more than thirteen times as many people. 從面積上講，它大體上相當(dāng)美國（阿拉斯加除外），而美國的人口卻是澳大利亞人口的１３倍還多。
1）句中area作"面積"解，介詞in在這里表示"在……方面"。例如：
China is large in size and rich in resources. 中國地大物博。
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height. 這座電視塔將近４０公尺高。
2）比較的修飾及倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法
形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)前，加上某個(gè)狀語成分，會(huì)使比較意義有所增強(qiáng)。例如：
�、賂his office is much larger than that one.
這個(gè)辦公室比那個(gè)大得多。
�、赥here are a lot more apple trees in our school garden in your school garden.
我們校園的蘋果樹比你們校園里的蘋果樹多得多。
�、跿his book is three larger than that one.
這本書比那本書大三倍。
�、躎hey produced 15% more rice last year than they did in 1990.去年他們的水稻產(chǎn)量比1990年的產(chǎn)量增加了百分之十五。
【注意】以上③④歸納為句型：
"A is…times +adj./adv.（比較級(jí)）+than B."
另外這一句型還可轉(zhuǎn)化為句型
"A is…times as+adj./adv. （原級(jí)）+as B."例如：
Bob is twice as heavy as Jack.
鮑勃的體重是杰克體重的兩倍。
At least, the train runs 6 times as fast as the boat.
火車的速度至少為小船速度的六倍。
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.
在實(shí)驗(yàn)以后，這種植物為過去高度的四倍。
【語法知識(shí)－V-ing】
１，The v-ing form as object complement (v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
在一些動(dòng)詞如see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, leave等后面v-ing形式可與一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，還可說名詞或代詞為賓語，v-ing形式為賓語補(bǔ)足語object complement。例如：
Don't you see a girl running towards us?
有個(gè)女孩向我們跑來，你沒看見嗎？
比較：在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等動(dòng)詞后，既可用v-ing form做賓補(bǔ)，也可用bare-infinitive（不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式）做賓語補(bǔ)足語，兩者中間有些差別，用v-ing form，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過程，還沒有結(jié)束；用動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作過程結(jié)束了。如：
He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看見一個(gè)女孩子在往拖拉機(jī)上爬。
�。玻甌he v-ing form as adverbial (V-ing形式作狀語)
V-ing形式作狀語通常表示四種意思：
�。ǎ保┍硎驹�，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句，多放句首，如：
Being so poor in those days, we couldn't afford to send the boy to hospital. (=As we were so poor...) 那時(shí)我們那么窮，我們沒有力量送孩子上醫(yī)院。
（２）用作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，多放在句子前部。如：
Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up.
她轉(zhuǎn)過身時(shí)，看見一輛救護(hù)車開了過來。（＝When he turned around, ...）
�。ǎ常┳靼殡S狀語，表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，和謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，一般放在句子后部。如：
They sat facing each other. 他們面對面地坐著。
They ran out, talking and laughing. 他們說著笑著跑出去。
�。ǎ矗┍硎窘Y(jié)果狀語，通常放在句子后面。如：
The bus stopped suddenly, this causing the delay. 汽車突然停開，造成耽擱。
【例題解析】
1，The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off. （92年高考題）
A．to have stolen
B．to be stealing
C．to steal
D．stealing
【答案】D
【解析】本題考查目標(biāo)是看學(xué)生是否掌握catch sb. doing這一結(jié)構(gòu)，caught在這里是過去分詞做后置定語，相當(dāng)于the girl who was caught stealing。例：
The farmer caught a man stealing his apples. 或A man was caught stealing apples. 那個(gè)農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人正在偷他的蘋果。
2，Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____a bicycle. （94年高考題）
A．ride, ride
B．riding, to ride
C．ride, to ride
D．to ride, riding
【答案】C
【解析】該題考查目標(biāo)是看學(xué)生是否掌握了prefer to do A rather than do B．（寧愿做某事而不愿做…）盡管把主句放在后邊，
3，Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______ known for his plays. （98年高考題）
A．the best
B．more
C．better
D．the most
【答案】C
【解析】本題考查分詞作形容詞時(shí)的比較。句中的Professor White既寫過short stories，又寫過plays，將他兩種體裁作品相比較，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)顯然不可。known作形容詞表示某人或某物知名度或受歡迎程度，前面常有副詞修飾。其三級(jí)比較形式為well known, better known, best known。例如：
Today he is well known as a model leader.
今天他是有名的模范領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
He was better known as a poet.作為詩人，他名望更大。
4，The family history has been _____ from generation to generation.
A. handed in B. handed on C. handed down D. handed out
【答案】C
【解析】此題考查學(xué)生對hand詞組的掌握。
hand in "上交"如：
All the students should hand in English exercise-books after class.
hand out "分法、施舍"
hand down "傳下來，傳給后世"
【語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)－動(dòng)名詞】
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.No one enjoys at.
A.laughing B.to laugh
C.being laughed D.to be laughed
2.You must do something to prevent your house .
A.to be broken in B.from being broken in
C.to break in D.from breaking in
3.They insisted on another chance to try.
A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given
4.-Where is my passport? I remember it here.
-You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the time.
A.to put；to take B.putting；taking
C.putting；to take D.to put；taking
5.His room needs , so he must have it .
A.painting； painted B.painted； painting
C.painting； painting D.painted； painted
6.After finishing his homework he went on a letter to his parents.
A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write
7.The young trees we planted last week require with great care.
A.looking after B.to look after
C.to be looked after D.taken good care of
8.Only English doesn't mean the language.
A.to learn；to learn
B.learning；learning
C.learning about；learn
D.learning about；learning
9.She returned home only to find the door open and something .
A.missed B.to be missing
C.missing D.to be missed
10.She decided to devote herself the problem of old age.
A.to study B.studying
C.to studying D.study
11.Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.
A.putting back B.put back
C.to put back D.be put back
12.As she is looking forward to from me, please remember this letter on your way to school.
A.hear；post B.hearing；to post
C.be heard；posting D.be hearing；to posting
13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble your handwriting.
A.to read B.to see C.reading C.in seeing
14.Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
15.We appreciate us to the ball.
A.them to invite B.to invite
C.their inviting D.being invited
16.Would you mind quiet for a moment? I'm trying a form.
A.keeping；filling out
B.to keep；to fill out
C.keeping；to fill out
D.to keep；filling out
17.He was afraid for being late.
A.of seeing B.of being seen
C.to be seen D.to have seen
18.I'd like to suggest the meeting till next week.
A.to put off B.putting off
C.put off D.to be put off
19.I don't see how I could possibly manage the work without .
A.finish；helping
B.to finish；being helped
C.finishing；helping
D.finishing；being helped
20.Anything worth is worthy of well.
A.doing；being done
B.doing；doing
C.to be done；to be done
D.to be done；being done
21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted the work.
A.finish B.to finish
C.in finishing D.on finishing
22.I delayed your letter because I had been away for a week.
A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post
23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police.
A.to be caught B.he caught
C.being caught D.catching
24.I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I it at home. Then I remembered it out to pay for the taxi.
A.must have left；to take
B.may leave；taking
C.might leave； to take
D.could have left；taking
25. the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.
A.After hearing B.On hearing
C.While hearing D.Having heared
26. his mother, the baby could not help .
A.To see；to laugh B.Seeing； to laugh
C.Seeing；laughing D.To see；laughing
27.It's no use so much money on clothes.
A.spend B.spent C.spending D.being spent
28.The sentence needs
A.improve B.a improvement
C.improving D.improved
29.If he succeeded a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.
A.to find B.to look for
C.in finding D.in looking for
30.I still remember to my home town when I was young.
A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.to take
Ⅱ.填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式
1.Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay)
2.I can't understand your at that poor child.(laugh)
3.She didn't mind overtime.(work)
4.To make a living, he tried , , and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint)
5.We are looking forward to Mary's . (come)
6.She was praised for the life of the child.(save)
7.She ought to be praised instead of . (criticize).
8.Is there any possibility of our the championship?(win)
9.He came to the party without . (invite)
Ⅲ.將下列句子譯成英語
1.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳.
2.今天去沒有用, 他不會(huì)在家.
3.你寫完作文了嗎?
4.請?jiān)徫襾硗砹?
5.他不聲不響地走了進(jìn)來.
6.他走進(jìn)來了, 沒有被看見.
【參考答案】
Ⅰ.1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A
21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.C
Ⅱ.1.staying 2.laughing 3.working
4.writing; painting 5.coming 6.having saved
7.being criticized 8.winning 9.being invited
Ⅲ.1.My favourite sport is swimming.
2.It's no use going there today. He won't be in；(can't be in).
3.Have you finished writing your composition?
4.Excuse me for being；(coming)；late.
5.He entered the room without making any noise.
6.He entered the room without being seen.