作者：張祥美
幸運(yùn)直達(dá)第一站:There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的意義及形式
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)"某處(某時)有某人(某物)",其基本句型為"There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某時",其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;be是謂語動詞;"某人或某物"是句子的主語;"某地或某時"作句子的狀語,多是介詞短語。如:
There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一個足球。
引導(dǎo)語 謂語動詞 主語 介詞 短語(某地)
幸運(yùn)直達(dá)第二站:There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞be的確定
1. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞be在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時用is,是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。如:
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
There is some money in the purse. 錢包里有些錢。
2. 若句子中有幾個并列的主語時,be的形式要與離其最近的一個主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如:
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一個男孩,一個女孩和兩個婦女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 辦公室里有十個學(xué)生和一個教師。
另外,在陳述句中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可將介詞短語提置句首。如:
In the tree there are five birds. 樹上有五只鳥。
幸運(yùn)直達(dá)第三站:There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not構(gòu)成(在口語中be時常與not縮寫在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要變成any。如:
There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture.
2. 一般疑問句及其答語:把be提到there前,首字母大寫,句末用問號即可。其肯定答語是Yes, there is / are;否定答語為No, there isn't / aren't。如:
-Are there two cats in the tree?
-Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)
3. 特殊疑問句及其回答:①提問句子的主語(包括主語前的修飾語)時,句型一律用"what is + 地點(diǎn)介詞短語?"(無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都用is)。如:
There are some birds in the tree. →What's in the tree?
②就there be后面的地點(diǎn)狀語進(jìn)行提問時,句型用"where is / are + 主語?"如:
There is a car in the street. →Where is the car?
③提問可數(shù)名詞(主語)前的數(shù)量時,用how many,句型結(jié)構(gòu)為"how many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + are there + 其它?"(主語無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),be通常要用are)。如:
There is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are there under the bed?