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      2. Unit 17 My teacher

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-6-7 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

        【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)】

         patience 容忍,耐心

         keep 保持,保留

         gifted 有才華的,有天賦的

         consider 考慮,認(rèn)為

         at breakfast 正在吃早餐

         human being 人

         burst into laughter 哈哈大笑起來(lái)

         look upon 回顧

        【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解】

         1, …one or two people had told my mother that I was simple-minded.

         有一兩個(gè)人曾對(duì)我母親說(shuō)過(guò)我頭腦簡(jiǎn)單。

         1)one or two…后的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),one or two還可作主語(yǔ)。但a/an…or two可當(dāng)作集合名詞看待,而動(dòng)詞取單復(fù)數(shù)都可,由講話者或作者主觀上而定。如:

         There are one or two things that must be remembered . 有幾件事必須記住。

         Only one or two have been questioned about the case. 有關(guān)該案只有一兩個(gè)人受到審問(wèn)。

         Only a word or two is/are needed here . 這兒只需幾句話就行了。

         2)simple-minded 頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的。minded作為形容詞常構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞,含"有……頭腦的(思想的,觀念的,意識(shí)強(qiáng)的)"。如:

         small-minded氣量小的

         absent-minded心不在焉的

         noble-minded思想高尚的

         independent-minded有獨(dú)立見解的

         like-minded觀點(diǎn)相同的

         tradition-minded有傳統(tǒng)觀念的

         lazy-minded 思想懶惰

         sports-minded醉心體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的

         safety-minded安全意識(shí)強(qiáng)的。

         2, A born teacher, she thought she would turn a deaf- blind person into a useful human being.

         她是一位天生的教師, 她認(rèn)為她能把一個(gè)又聾又瞎的人變成為一個(gè)有用的人。

         born作形容詞是"天生的,生來(lái)的"如:

         a born fool 天生的傻子

         a born musician 天生的音樂(lè)家

         a recently born idea 新近產(chǎn)生的想法

         He is born rich . 他生來(lái)有錢。

         3, I reached out to Annie's hand . 我把手伸向安妮的手。

         reach out 伸出手(臂),可作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可作及物動(dòng)詞。如:

         She reached out and took down a dictionary from the top shelf . 她伸手從最高一格書架上取下一本詞典。

         She reached out her hand and offered to shake his . 她伸了手去,想和他握手。

         4, She also brought me into touch with everything that could be felt ━━ soil, wood, silk.

         她還使我接觸到所有能感覺(jué)到的東西 ━━ 泥土、木板、絲綢。

         bring into 使進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)。bring sb into touch ( contact, association)

         with…使接觸到。如:

         This brought us into touch with a wide circle of people . 這使我們有機(jī)會(huì)廣泛接觸各式各樣的人。

         5, As I look back upon those years, I am struck by Annie's wisdom.

         當(dāng)我回顧那些歲月時(shí),安妮的智慧使我驚嘆不已。

         look back"回顧,回憶"(=think about the past, recall the past), 后接on, upon, to, over介詞短語(yǔ)。如:

         Looking back upon our achievements, we are firmly convinced that we shall be able to achieve even greater victories . 回顧我們所取得的成就,我們堅(jiān)信將能取得更大的勝利。

         6,It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak .

         安妮以極大的耐心和想象力教我說(shuō)話。

         as well as 在此處是連詞"和,又,也,除……外還"。 在表示"不但……而且……"時(shí)則側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)前者,謂語(yǔ)與前者一致。而"not only…but also …"則側(cè)重于后者,謂語(yǔ)與后者一致。如:

         He can speak French as well as English . 他不但會(huì)講英語(yǔ),而且還會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。

         She is not only hardworking but also clever . 她不但用功,而且聰明。

         (He as well as we is(=Not only we but also he is ) eager to know the results .

         不僅我們,而且他也急于想知道結(jié)果。

         7, To Annie I owe thanks for this priceless gift of speech.

         我得感謝安妮給了我說(shuō)話能力這個(gè)無(wú)價(jià)之寶。

         owe…to 應(yīng)該把……歸功于。如:

         She owes her success to hard work . 她把成功歸因于辛勤工作。

        【詞語(yǔ)辨析】

         1,human, human being, human race, mankind, man, person, people, soul, creature

         human adj . 人的,有關(guān)人的;人類的;有人性的。該詞還可作名詞表"人",常用該詞構(gòu)成a human being一個(gè)人, human beings人們, human race 人類,在將人與動(dòng)物、神仙、鬼等比較時(shí)常用human, 其復(fù)數(shù)形式為humans。如:

         Are robots as clever as humans?機(jī)器人跟人一樣聰明嗎?

         person 可以指man, woman或child,其復(fù)數(shù)形式常是people,用persons 則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量的概念。"一個(gè)人"是a   person, 不能說(shuō) a people, "兩個(gè)人"可說(shuō)two persons/people。

         man的單數(shù)形式并其前不加冠詞可表"人類",相當(dāng)于mankind。如:

         Man's knowledge of things constantly develops . 人類的認(rèn)識(shí)總是不斷發(fā)展的。

         people 泛詣"人們",the people 人民,人們,a people, peoples民族。如:

         The Chinese are a hardworking people . 中華民族是勤勞的民族。

         serve the people為人民服務(wù),many people at the meeting . 出席會(huì)議的人很多。the English-speaking peoples 使用英語(yǔ)的各民族。

         soul, creature 在書面語(yǔ)中常表"人",常與數(shù)詞連用并帶感情色彩。soul還表"首腦,核心人物"如;

         Won't someone help that poor pretty creature?難道沒(méi)人幫助那可憐但美麗的人嗎?

         The ship was lost off the coast with all souls . 這條船在沿海失事,船上的人全部遇難。

         an important soul in the strike 罷工中的核心人物。

         2,priceless, price, priced, value, invaluable, valueless, precious, worthless

         price n . 價(jià)格,價(jià)錢;代價(jià)。priced有定價(jià)的。priceless(無(wú)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))無(wú)價(jià)的,貴重的(=invaluable)。如:

         Up goes the price of the vinegar!醋價(jià)又上漲了。

         the priced steel有定價(jià)的鋼材

         make a priceless contribution to human beings 為人類作出寶貴的貢獻(xiàn)。

         Good health is priceless . 健康是無(wú)價(jià)之寶。

         value價(jià),價(jià)值。估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià);珍重。valuable adj . 有價(jià)值的,貴重的。invaluable無(wú)價(jià)的(指無(wú)法衡量的高價(jià)值,相當(dāng)于priceless)。如:

         This book is of more value than that one. 這本書比那本書價(jià)錢貴。

         You don't know the value of health. 你不知道健康的重要性。

         valueless無(wú)價(jià)值的,沒(méi)有用的(=worthless)。如:

         a worthless, broken tool 沒(méi)有用的工具。

         3, health, healthy, healthful

         health "健康;衛(wèi)生",常用于be in good/poor health 身體很(不)健康。 healthy "健康的,健壯 的"(having health),當(dāng)healthy 引伸為"有益于健康"的時(shí)候可與healthful換用。healthful "有益于健康的"( giving health)。如:

         Fresh air and exercise are good for the health . 新鮮空氣和運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康。

         Swimming is a healthful exercise . 游泳是一項(xiàng)有益于健康的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

         Every person needs water and a diet of healthy/healthful food . 人人需要飲水和食用有益于健康的食品。

         4,reach與arrive:

         這兩個(gè)詞都有"到"的意思。reach表示到達(dá)什么地點(diǎn)時(shí),是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。例如:

         In October 1935 the Red Army reached northern ShanBei.一九三五年十月紅軍到達(dá)陜北。

         When does the train reach London?火車什么時(shí)候到達(dá)倫敦?

         arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,表示到達(dá)什么地點(diǎn)時(shí),后面應(yīng)接介詞in或at,例:

         He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天到達(dá)北京。

         We arrived at the station in hot haste.我們急急忙忙趕到車站。

        【語(yǔ)法-系表結(jié)構(gòu)】

        一、系表結(jié)構(gòu)

         聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing 式,分詞和副詞連用,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

         That sounds a good idea.這聽起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。

         She turned red at the words.她聽了這話臉紅了。

         Speaking English may be difficult at first but it comes easy after plenty of practice.說(shuō)英語(yǔ)開頭有些難,多練習(xí)之后就容易了。

         He remained standing there for a couple of hours.他在那里站了兩個(gè)鐘頭。

         The meeting wasn't over until midnight.會(huì)議開到半夜才結(jié)束。

        二、"變成"類系動(dòng)詞及搭配

         常見的"變成"類系動(dòng)詞有 become , get , come , go , grow , fall , turn , run 等,都表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)。盡管意思差不多,但搭配有差別。我們要注意以下幾個(gè)方面。

        1 . 形容詞作表語(yǔ)。

         go 和 come 是一對(duì)相反的詞。"go + adj . "表示令人不快的事情,而"come + adj . "則表示好的事情。例如:

         In hot weather , meat goes bad .

         Things will come right in the end .

         go 與 come 前面的主語(yǔ)一般是物。例如:

         (誤)She goes famous .

         (正)She becomes(gets)famous .

         表語(yǔ)為mad , crazy(古怪的),blind , lame 或表示顏色的詞,go 前面的主語(yǔ)可以是人。例如:

         He went mad.

         Hearing this, she went red.

         run 后面接 short , dry , low , deep 等詞,主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng),能消耗掉的東西。例如:

         Their money was running short.

         Still waters run deep.

         但 wild 作表語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)可以是人。例如:

         Don't let the children run wild . 不要讓孩子們毫無(wú)約束(變野了)。

         grow 與 run 相對(duì),接表示人或物特征的靜態(tài)形容詞,也接表示天氣的形容詞,側(cè)重于"逐漸變成"。例如:

         The girl grew thinner and thinner.

         Soon the sky grew light .

         turn 多接表示顏色的形容詞,也接表示天氣的形容詞,它側(cè)重變得與以前完全不同。

         The man turned blue with fear . 因害怕,這個(gè)人變得憂郁起來(lái)。

         The weather suddenly turned much colder .

         fall 接 asleep , silent 等靜態(tài)形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞,但不能接形容詞比較級(jí)。例如:

         She fell ill from cold .

         (誤)She fell worse .

         (正)She got worse .

         fall short(沒(méi)中),fall apart(散開),fall flat(沒(méi)效果),可作成語(yǔ)記住。

         "get + adj . "是口語(yǔ),用得廣泛,get能替代become , become 較正式,get 與 become前面的主語(yǔ)既可以是人又可以是物。例如:

         He became(got)angry .

         His coat has become(got)badly torn .

         get較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)連用。例如:

         The days are getting longer and longer .

         注意:become 一般不用于"將來(lái)成為"的意思。例如:

         (誤)I hope you will become well .

         (正)I hope you will get well .

         2, become , turn , get , go , fall 能用名詞作表語(yǔ),其它的則不能。例如:

         His dream has become(got)a reality .

         He has turned scientist .

         He has gone socialist .

         He fell(a)victim to cancer . (他患了癌癥。)

         注意:go , turn 后面的名詞通常不帶冠詞。

         3, become , get , grow 能接過(guò)去分詞,并且 come 和 go 多接有否定前綴的過(guò)去分詞。

         "get + 過(guò)去分詞"表示一次行為;"become + 過(guò)去分詞"表示事情發(fā)生的最后結(jié)果。

         The string comes untied .

         His report went unnoticed .

         The fence gets white--washed every year .

         She became engaged as a typist .

         4, get , go , come 能接現(xiàn)在分詞,不過(guò)它們已失去"成為"的意思。例如:

         They went in and got chatting together . (開始)

         We often go swimming. (去)

         He came running in. (來(lái))

         5. come , grow , get 能接不定式,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示變化過(guò)程,come 表示"最終變得",get 表示"由不……變得",grow 表示"漸漸變得"。例如:

         I've really come to love this place.

         Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.

         You'll soon get to like it.

         這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能用于帶有一段時(shí)間的完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

         (誤)They have got to know each other for years .

         (正)They have known each other for years .

         6, 它們都可以接介詞短語(yǔ),固定搭配需要一個(gè)一個(gè)地記。例如:

         They went(grow)out of fashion . (它們變得不時(shí)髦了。)

         They ran out of money .

         The problem will come under discussion .

         They fell behind the others .

        It's getting near tea-time .

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