Unit 11
1,solar adj.太陽的, 日光的
solar system 太陽系
solar battery 太陽能電池
solar calendar陽歷 lunar calendar陰歷
2, giant huge large big enormous vast great
3, mankind n.人類[u ], 男性, 男子the human race /the human being
Speech is the main difference between mankind and animals.
4, constitution n.憲法 an written constitution a written constitution
According to the American Constitution, Presidential elections are held every four years.
(draw up草擬 set up制訂建立 )
constitute vt.制定(法律), 建立(政府), 組成, 任命
5, man n.男人, 人類, 人, 丈夫, 雇工vt.為...配備人手, 操縱, 在...就位, 使振奮
-nn- We can man ten ships.
The girls will man the radar till we get back.
6, support
vt.支撐, 資助, 支持, 支援, 擁護, 維持, 贍養(yǎng), 忍受
n.支撐, 支持, 支援, 維持, 贍養(yǎng), 支持者, 支柱
加強, 使有力; 擁護; 支援; 幫助
support a hospital 資助一醫(yī)院
support oneself 自謀生計
The bridge is strong enough to support heavy lorries. 這座橋經(jīng)得起重卡車通行。
He's a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)一大家子。
7, daily= everyday
daily= every day
adj.每日的, 日常的 adv.每日, 日常地, 天天
daily routine 例行公事
He wrote to her almost daily. 他幾乎每天給她寫信。
China Daily 中國日報
8, achieve vt.完成, 達到( give up /abandon)
achieve one's purpose達到目的achieve success獲得成功achieve victory獲得勝利
This will help us achieve modernization.這有助于我們實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。
achievement n.成就, 功績
9, likely adj.很可能的, 合適的, 可靠的, 有希望的(unlikely)
adv.或許, 很可能
The train is likely to be late. 這趟火車很可能晚點。a likely plan有希望的
(-lier, more likely; -liest, most likely)
She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不來。
It is very likely that he will not come.
as likely as not (=most [very] likely)可能, 多半, 說不定
It is likely that...很可能...
Not likely![口]不可能! 才不呢! (強調否認或拒絕)
10, economic adj.經(jīng)濟(上)的
economy n.經(jīng)濟politics n.政治
11,zone n.地域, 地帶, 地區(qū), 環(huán)帶, 圈
vt.環(huán)繞, 使分成地帶vi.分成區(qū)
the torrid zone 熱帶the temperate zone 溫帶the frigid zone 寒帶a danger zone 危險地帶
a war zone 戰(zhàn)區(qū)smokeless zone 禁止吸煙區(qū) time zone時區(qū)
12, private adj.私人的, 私有的, 私營的, 秘密的 ( personal public)
private school 私立學校
in private私下里
Can I speak to you in private? 我可以私下同你談談嗎？
13, institute .學會, 學院, 協(xié)會 vt.創(chuàng)立, 開始, 制定, 開始(調查)
institution n.公共機構, 協(xié)會, 制度
an art institute 藝術學院
14, grasp vt.抓住, 抓緊, 掌握, 領會 n.抓住, 抓緊, 掌握, 領會
grasp at v.想抓住, 攫取
I grasped the cat by the back of its neck. 我抓住了貓的后脖頸。
He grasped at anything that might help him. 他試圖抓住任何對自己有利的東西。
（與at連用）急切地接受
領會；明白to grasp sb.'s meaning
beyond one's grasp力量達不到[達得到]
within one's grasp力量達不到[達得到]
Grasp-all, lose all.[諺]貪多必失。
15, master
n.主人, 雇主 碩士 vt.征服, 控制, 精通
master of science理科碩士Master of Arts文科碩士
He is good at mastering horse.他善于馴馬。
Russian is a diffcult language to master.俄語是一種難掌握的語言。
You must learn to master your temper.你須學會控制自己的情緒。
16, perfect (excellent ideal flawless)
perfect weather極好的天氣a perfect artist熟練的藝術家
be perfect in English精通英語perfect yellow純黃色
perfect tense【語】完成時Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
17, arrange v.安排, 排列, 協(xié)商
arrange a quarrel[dispute, difference]調解爭執(zhí)[糾紛, 爭論]
I arranged books on the shelves.我把書架上的書整理好。
I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.我約定在十點鐘會見她。
arrange for安排, 準備
arrange with sb. about sth.與某人商定某事
come to an arrangement談妥; 達成協(xié)議
make arrangement for為...做好準備; 為...做好安排
make arrangement with sb.與(某人)商定或約好, (和某人)達成協(xié)議; 做好準備; 做出安排
He arranged that the meeting (should )be put off for a week.
18, set foot in v.進入 踏進set foot on v.踏上
He said he would never set foot in that house again.
They were filled with joy when they set foot on chinese soil in late March.
set up開辦建立 /set aside擱置 /set out出門/set off出發(fā)/set down放下 /set about著手
19, have an effect on
have a bad/ good/side effect on
20, rely
v.依賴, 依靠, 信賴, 信任, 依賴于
rely on /upon depend on count on
we must rely on our own efforts to do it.
You may rely on it that linda will finish the task on time.
You cannot rely on his coming in time.
21, failure n.失敗, 失敗者
F-is the mother of success.(=F-teaches success.)失敗為成功之母。
22, come to life v.蘇醒過來, 變得活躍, 顯得逼真
the quite girl has come to life since she lived with her grandpa.
come to oneselfv.蘇醒, 醒悟 恢復知覺
23, base
n.底部, 基礎, 根據(jù)地, 基地, 本部, 基數(shù), (運動)出發(fā)點
vt.以...作基礎, 基于..
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
這個公司的辦事處遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。
Advertisements based on these facts have been printed in newspapers and magazines but have not helped much.根據(jù)這些情況擬定的廣告詞登載在報紙和雜志上,但是效果不大。
（與on, upon連用）根據(jù)；基于
One should always base one's opinions on facts. 意見應以事實為根據(jù)。
24, markn.標志, 分數(shù), 痕跡, 記號
vt.做標記于, 打分數(shù), 標志vi.作記號
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story. 老師給了我的故事以好的評分。
You have a dirty mark on your face. 你臉上有個臟點。
He marked the floor with chalk. 他用粉筆在地板上作記號。
25, agency n.代理處, 行銷處, 代理, 中介
sole agency 獨家代理
agency general 總代理
agency service 代理業(yè)務
26, toward prep.向, 對于, 為了adj.有希望的,逼近的, towards prep.
forwards adv.(=forward)向前方, 繼續(xù)向前 forward adj. 前進的adv.向前地, 向將來
backward adv.adj.向后地(的), 相反地(的), 追溯, 退步, 由好變壞
backwards adv.向后
look forward to put forward put forward an argument提出論點
the monitor put forward a new plan at the meeting.
The attack had been put forward half an hour.
27, breakthrough n.突破
make a great breakthrough in
28, march n.行軍v.進軍, 前進 使行軍
n.(March)三月(略作Mar)
march on(繼續(xù))向前進
on the march在行進中；在發(fā)展中
Science is on the march.
29, aim n.目標, 目的, 瞄準v.對...瞄準, 打算
I aim to be a lawyer. 我要當個律師。
aim at 向...瞄準
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at a weight loss of ten pounds.
We must aim at increasing exports.
shoot at
30, announce vt.宣布, 通告
It has been announce d that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week.
已正式宣布A先生與B小姐將于下星期結婚。
declare公告；布告；宣告；聲明
to declare war 宣戰(zhàn)
to declare the result of election 公布選舉結果
announcement
n.宣告, 發(fā)表, 一項公告, 一項私人告示
31, evolution
n.進展, 發(fā)展, 演變, 進化
the evolution of a story故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展
study the evolution of man研究人類的進化
evolutionism n.進化論, 進化說
32, battle n.戰(zhàn)役(指大規(guī)模會戰(zhàn)), 戰(zhàn)爭
vi.作戰(zhàn), 戰(zhàn)斗, 搏斗, 斗爭
They died in battle.他們在戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲。
win a battle gain a battle 戰(zhàn)勝, 打勝仗
lose the battle戰(zhàn)敗
Unit 12
1, fiction n.虛構, 杜撰; 編造 小說; 虛構的文學作品(包括小說、劇本等)
science fiction 科學小說, 科學幻想故事(表示小說時不可數(shù))
It is a legal fiction that a corporation is a person.
把團體法人當作一個人是一種法律上的假設。
Fact[Truth] is stranger than fiction.[諺]事實比小說還離奇。
fictionist小說家fictioneer (尤指粗制濫造的)小說作家
2, belief n.(pl. beliefs)相信;)信仰; 信心;信條 信念; 意見
have belief in the masses相信群眾
a person worthy of belief可以信得過的人
There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents.
沒有任何事情比孩子對他父母的信賴更為自然。
have belief in相信, 信任
belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。
belief 指“承認某事是真的, 盡管有或沒有確鑿的證據(jù)”, 如:
belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。
faith 指“認為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信”, 如:
I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。
trust 指“信賴”、“信任”, 含有“堅定的信念”的意思, 如:
enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。
confidence 指“在有證據(jù)的基礎上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:
She has great confidence in her success.她對自己的成功充滿信心。
3, make a living by/make one’s living gain earn get a living as a
live on
4, apply vt.申請 應用, 實施; 運用,
apply a theory to practice 把理論應用于實踐
apply one's mind to專心于...
vi.適用; 應用(to)請求, 申請, 向...詢問
You may apply in person or by letter.
你親自或通信申請均可。
For particulars apply to the office.詳情請問辦事處。
be applied to適用于, 應用于,
apply for申請; 請求, 接洽
apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事
apply sth. to把...施于...; 把...運用于...
apply to關系到, 牽涉到
applicant n.申請者, 請求者
provide supply
5,the foundationof an insititution/an organization
the foundation of the national economy國民經(jīng)濟的基礎
foundation stone奠基石found founder
6, servant maid
A politician should be a servant of the people.政治家應當是人民的公仆。
Water may be good servants, but bad masters.
7,hunter
on the hunt (for)正在尋找 hunt for jobs
go hunting
8,set out (for)sp
set off for 出發(fā)
set out to do sth開始做……
9, collision n.碰撞, 沖突
collision at sea海上碰撞
come into collision with和... 相撞［沖突， 抵觸］
collision with和... 相撞［沖突］
her activities brought her into collision with the law.觸犯了法律
his car had a collision with a truck.
The two planes collided with each other in midair.
collide vi.碰撞, 抵觸
collide with v.沖突
conflict n. 沖突
10, companion n.同伴, 共事者
companions in arms戰(zhàn)友
a faithful companion忠實伴侶
make a companion of與...作伴， 與...為友
companionship 伴侶關系； 友誼
11, permanent adj.永久的, 持久的(lasting enduring)impermanent
permanent address永久地址
a permanent job固定職業(yè)
a permanent committee 常設委員會
12, voyage n.航程, 航空v.航海, 航行
a long journey by sea
they made a voyage across the Atlantic.
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space
13, iron
n.鐵, 熨斗, 堅強, 烙鐵, 鐐銬
vt.燙平, 熨, 用鐵裝備vi.燙衣服
a man of iron意志堅強的人; 鐵面無私的人
the Iron Age【史】鐵器時代
a smoothing iron熨斗
put sb. in irons給某人戴上鐐銬
an iron will 堅強的意志
趁熱打鐵strike while iron is hot /Hold a wolf the iron is hot
14, aboard
adv.在船(飛機、車)上, 上船(飛機、車)
prep.在(船、飛機、車)上, 上(船、飛機、車)
they went aboard the ship
all aboard上船啦
go aboard上船 (上飛機等)
go on board上船; 上飛機, 上火車
be on board在[到]船、飛機或車上
go abroad
15, dislike vt.討厭, 不喜歡 n.嫌惡
I have taken a strong dislike of [to, for] him.我極不喜歡他。
I dislike selfish people.我討厭自私的人。
likes and dislikes愛好和厭惡
unlike adj.不同的, 不相似的prep.不象...,和...不同
For twins, they are very unlike.作為一對雙胞胎，他們很不一樣
She's unlike the rest of her family.她不同于她家里的其他成員
16, shore n.岸, 海濱, 支撐柱
off(the) shore離岸on the shore 在岸上, 在陸上
岸bank beach.海灘coast.海岸；海濱seaside 海濱(勝地) 海邊
17, luggage n.行李, 皮箱
(=[美] baggage)行李
four pieces of luggage 四件行李
package n.包裹, 包belongings n.財產(chǎn), 所有物, 相關事物, 親戚
18, in public adv.當眾, 公開地, 公然地 the public
in private
19, throw light upon/on 使某事非常清楚
can you throw light on the problem?
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
20, brilliant adj.燦爛的, 閃耀的, 有才氣的
brilliant achievements顯赫的成就
a brilliant mind頭腦敏銳的人
a brilliant scientist一位才華橫溢的科學家(bright)
21, phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象(pl. -na)
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon.
a social phenomenon社會現(xiàn)象the phenomenon of nature自然現(xiàn)象
a phenomenon among musicians音樂界的奇才
22,hesitate v.猶豫, 躊躇, 不愿
hesitating adj.猶豫的, 躊躇的hesitatingly adv.支吾其詞地, 躊躇地
hesitation n.猶豫, 躊躇
hesitate at nothing毫不猶豫地做某事(at about over sth doing sth)
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么東西, 請不客氣地對我說。
He who hesitates is lost.[諺]當斷不斷, 必受其患。
Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(講話)吞吞吐吐。
23,brainstormn.靈機一動v.集體討論
brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem
群策群力設法找到一個長期有效的解決辦法
24, cut up v.切碎, 抨擊, 殲滅, 使喪氣, 胡鬧
25.Labour creates the world.[u]
Unit 13
1,Cube n立方體；立方形；正六面體
The cube of 5 is 125. 5的立方是125。
The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.立方體的, 立方的a cubic meter 立方米
Square n.正方形 平方
2，sailor n.海員, 水手, 不大會暈船的人, 船員
sail v.航行(于) vi.啟航, 開船n.帆, 篷, 航行
go sailing 坐船航行 marine艦隊海洋的 mariner 水手
3， benefit n.利益, 好處vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益do good to
a public benefit公益disability benefits殘廢撫恤金(pl)救濟金
be of benefit to the people對人民有好處[U]
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.這部字典將對我有很大裨益。
Exercise benefits our health.運動有益于我們的健康。
We benefit by [from] daily exercises.每天做操對我們有益。
for the benefit of為了...的好處
It is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health.據(jù)說瑜咖功對人體健康有極大好處。
I did it for his benefit. 我做這個是為了幫助他。
The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于這場雨。
4， transport n 運輸 vt.傳送, 運輸,
The goods were transported by train. 貨物是用火車來運輸?shù)�。transportation交通業(yè)
5， property n.財產(chǎn), 所有物, 所有權, 性質, 特性
This car is my property. 這車是我的財產(chǎn)。
Many plants have medicinal properties. 許多植物具有藥性。
belongings possession property wealth
6，range n.山脈vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…從……到……不等 vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃
Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains一列山脈
a range of pictures 一系列畫片
the annual range of temperature每年的溫度變化范圍
a wide range of knowledge廣博的知識
7，all the way adv.從遠道, 自始至終, 一路上
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree.他一直爬上了樹頂。
All the way back, they talked about films.
all the time adv.始終
8， unique adj.唯一的, 獨特的
very unique或 more unique than不正確的 nearly unique和 almost unique是可接受的
9，hydrogen 氫 希臘語 hudra 水 + -gen 產(chǎn)生，變成
oxygen 氧
-gen表示“被生成”，“生成的”
10， relative n.親戚, 關系詞 adj.有關系的, 相對的absolute
After his troubles, he's now in relative comfort. 困境過后，他現(xiàn)在比較舒服了。
（與to連用）關于…的；有關…的
the facts that are relative to this question 與這個問題有關的事實
the facts relative to the problem與此問題有關的事實
live in relative comfort生活得較為舒適
be relative to和...成比例; 和...有關系; 隨...為轉移
relation n.關系, 聯(lián)系, 敘述, 故事, 親戚have relation to有關;和...有關系
relationship n.關系, 關聯(lián)
The teacher has a very good relationship with her students. 這位老師和學生們關系很好。
What is your relationship to the victim?
Relate vt.敘述, 講, 使聯(lián)系, 發(fā)生關系
relate to v.涉及
all the papers that relate to this subject有關這個問題的所有論文
theory of relativity相對論relativism
11, solid n.固體, 立體adj.固體的 純粹的
He's still too ill to take solids. 他病得還很重，不能吃固體食物。
When water freezes , it becomes solid.
Liquid n.液體,adj.液體的
Gas n.氣體
12, freeze v.(使)結冰, (使)冷凍, 凍結
freezing adj.冰凍的, 嚴寒的freezing air冷空氣
freezing point 【物】冰點, 凝凍點a freezing glance冷淡的一瞥
13, pure
adj.純的, 純粹的, 純凈的, 無垢的, 純潔的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 純金
The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山間河流中的水通常是純凈的。
pure English 純正英語a pure mind 心地純潔
It was a pure accident.這全然是一次意外事故。
by pure chance 全憑運氣 pure science 純科學
applied impure (非實用的)
14, dense adj.密集的, 濃厚的 density n.密度
15, mass n.塊, 大多數(shù), 質量, 群眾, 大量
adj.群眾的, 大規(guī)模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一團云。
（常與of連用）許多；大量
a mass of hot air一團熱空氣
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群眾, 民眾
Troops are massing on the frontier.軍隊在邊境集結。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.烏云密集, 我們企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生產(chǎn)
a mass-circulation magazine大量發(fā)行的雜志
16, float n.漂流物v浮動, 飄浮, 散播,
Wood floats on water. 木頭漂浮在水上。
A feather floated down on the wind.一根羽毛隨風飄落。
The logs float down the river. 木頭沿河漂流。
The smell of roses floated around.玫瑰花的芳香在四周飄蕩。
floatbridge浮橋,
on the float漂浮著
sink .沉
17, take (full) advantage of v.利用 make full use of
take advantage of sb.v.捉弄某人
take advantage of sth.v.趁機利用
18, decrease n.減少, 減少之量v.減少
The number of children in the school has decreased this year. 今年在校的兒童人數(shù)減少了。
on the decrease在減少中, 在下降中
increase增加
19, substance n.物質, 實質, 主旨
in substance 實質上,本質上,大體上
20, centigrade
adj.分為百度的, 百分度的, 攝氏溫度的
40℃ forty degrees centigrade.
21, absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 這件工作占有了我的全部時間。
to absorb the full meaning of a remark 理解一句話的全部意義take in
He is absorbed in study.他專心讀書。
be absorbed in全神貫注在..., 一心從事, 熱衷于put heart into
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
22, give offv.發(fā)出(蒸汽、光等)，長出（枝、杈等）
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
23, thus adv.因而, 從而, 這樣, 如此
He sold his farm and thus he had enough money for his journey.
他賣掉了農場，這樣他就有足夠的錢旅行了。
There has been no rain - thus, the crops are drying. 天沒下雨，因此莊稼要枯死了。
thus far至今，迄今
as thus這樣, 因此, 這樣一來
thus much這么多; 到這里為止
24, stable adj.穩(wěn)定的n廄；馬房
Is that ladder stable? 那架梯子平穩(wěn)嗎？
a man of stable character性格堅定的人
He is a very stable person.他是一個非常可靠的人。
25, sense n.官能, 感覺, 判斷力vt.感到, 理解, 認識
He has a good sense of smell. 他的嗅覺很靈敏。
a good business sense 有經(jīng)濟頭腦
make sense有 意義；意思清楚；有道理
He sensed that something had happened in his house.
Sensitive adj.敏感的, 靈敏的Insensitive
be sensitive to對...敏感, 易感受...
the eyes are sensitive to light.眼睛對光敏感。
She is sensitive to what people think of her她很敏感人們對她是怎么想的。
26, steady
adj.穩(wěn)固的, 穩(wěn)定的, 堅定的, 扎實的, 堅定不移的v.(使)穩(wěn)定, (使)穩(wěn)固
as steady as a rock穩(wěn)如磐石
making steady progress取得穩(wěn)定的進步
steady rain連綿的雨
a steady man踏實的人
steady in one's purpose意志堅定的
27, motion.運動, 動作v.運動movement
the movement for liberation 解放運動
motion and rest 運動和靜止
28，call in v.召集, 召來, 來訪
29，nurse .護士, 保姆vt.護理, 看護
nursing n.看護, 養(yǎng)育nursery 托兒所
30，recreation消遣, 娛樂
recreate v.(使)得到休養(yǎng), (使)得到娛樂
entertainment.款待, 娛樂, 娛樂表演
31， variety n.變化, 多樣性,，種類
種種；各類
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.這個購物中心出售許多種商品。
At school we learn a variety of things. 在學校我們學習各種東西。
（與of連用）變種
new varieties of wheat 小麥的新品種
32， define vt.定義, 詳細說明
definition n.定義, 解說
be blind to
be deaf to
be good to
be known to
be used to
be relative to
be similar to
be married to
be close to
be polite to
be harmful to
be equal to
see to
give birth to
owe… to
refer to
put an end to
look forward to
drink to
devote to
remember to
add to
add up to
set fire to
stick to
pay attention to
lead to
get down to
call at sp
call on sb
call in 來訪召集
call back回電
call for 要求 需要
call off 取消
call out 叫喊