Ⅰ.Words and Phrases
valley,beyond,fix up L.9 Four
skills
rather than L.10
camp,ash,dirt,cave,thirst L.9
Three
skills
faith,elder,curiously,starve,thus L.10
birth,give birth to,precious,fence,task,outdoors,shave,
argue L.11
ashtray,Bonny,kangaroo,sunburnt L.9
Two
skills
aborigines,Kooris,system,spiritual,hand down,
underground,percentage L.10
koala,Alaska,dingo,round up L.11
Italy,Italian L.12
Ⅱ.Everyday English
Be careful!
Don't throw your cigarette out of the window.
You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the bush either.
Look out!
Don't tie it to that old branch.
Take care.
Ⅲ.Grammar
Learn the usages of the v.-ing Form as Object Complement and Adverbial.
Ⅳ.Language Use
Using the learned language, teachers and students should complete the tasks of listening, speaking and writing in the textbook and the workbook. Reading texts “The Discovery of Australia” and “Australia” should be exactly understood. Students should understand the discovery of Australia, the history, geography and local customs in Australia.
Ⅴ.Teaching Time: Five periods
Background Information
Something about Australia
Australia, officially called Commonwealth of Australia, is the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian Oceans in the Southern Hemisphere(半球). It has an area of 7.7 million square km and a population of nearly 19 million. The principal religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholics and Anglicans(英國(guó)國(guó)教) predominating (占主要地位). The capital is Canberra, a beautiful gardened city.
Australia is separated from Indonesia to the northwest by the Timor and the Arafura seas; from Papua New Guinea to the northeast by the Torres Strait; from the Coral Sea Islands Territory (in the Coral Sea), also to the northeast, by the Great Barrier Reef; from New Zealand to the southeast by the Tasman Sea; and from Antarctica to the south by the Indian Ocean.
Until the late 20th century the Australian population was remarkably homogeneous (同種族的) , as a result of a previous policy of restricting non-European immigration. The restrictive policies were gradually abandoned in the 1960s and 1970s,and there has been much immigration from areas outside of Europe, particularly from Asia.
Australia has been inhabited（居住）by Aborigines（土著）for at least 40 000-and perhaps as many as 60 000 years. They immigrated from Southeast Asia, and estimates of the size of the Aboriginal population at the time of European settlement in 1788 range from 300 000 to more than 1 000 000. There is some evidence of a Chinese Landing at the site of Darwin in 1432, and Makasarese seamen(印尼望加錫漁民) began to fish the waters off Arnhem Land sometime before the 18th century. Widespread European know the knowledge of Australia, however, began only with the explorations of the 17th century.
The Dutch landed in Australia in 1616 and, under such notable seamen as Abel Tasman continued their explorations until 1644, when Australia became known as New Holland. The British arrived in 1688 under William Dampier, but they did not launch a large-scale expedition until James Cook's historic voyage of 1770 that resulted in Britain's claim to Australia and formal possession of New South Wales with the establishment of the small colony of Sydney Cove within Port Jackson(1788).From the outset, British immigrants（移民）were transported to the colony.
Tasmania, the next settlement, received settlers, from Sydney as early as 1803, and colonists arrived in Western Australia in 1827. By 1859 the colonial nuclei（核心）of all of Australia's six states had been formed.
Since World War Ⅱ Australia has assumed a leading role in Asian and Pacific affairs. Although it experienced some setbacks, the Aboriginal movement grew in strength from the 1960s, and Aborigines succeeded in obtaining rights to some tribal lands. Environmentalists also began to exercise considerable political influence.
Because it's millions of years since Australia was separated from the other continents of the world-as a result of crustal movement（地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)）, of course, many of the wild living things in this country are quite different from those in other parts across the globe. For example, it's the home of pouched mammals（有袋目哺乳動(dòng)物）such as kangaroos and koalas. The koala, an animal looks like the bear but much smaller, lives on the leaves of eucalyptuses, also unique of Australia. There are many other living things characterists of（……特有的）Australia or Oceania- platpuses（鴨嘴獸）, echidnas（針鼴），casuarinas（木麻黃樹(shù)），etc.
異域風(fēng)情
Sydney
悉尼位于澳大利亞?wèn)|南沿海，風(fēng)光旖旎，氣候宜人。它以悉尼歌劇院獨(dú)特的建筑而聞名于世。在這里你會(huì)看到許多古典歐式建筑與設(shè)計(jì)新穎的現(xiàn)代建筑融為一體。
Sydney, the capital of New South Wales（新南威爾士州）, has a population of more than three million. It is not only Australia's oldest and largest city but also its chief manufacturing(生產(chǎn)) centre and business port（港口）as well as the largest centre for selling wool in the world.
Besides, Sydney is also a city with 30 golden beaches nearby. In sydney if you say you are going skiing, it often means water-skiing. If you are going to Kosciusko（科修斯科山）, you are probably going snow-skiing.
The harbour of Sydney is spanned（跨越）by the famous arch bridge and over looked by dramatic new Sydney Opera House. The Opera House has great white curving（弧形的）roofs and is described as one of the great buildings in the 20th century.
There are old classic buildings in Sydney as well, such as James Church（圣詹姆斯教堂）, Hyde Park Barracks（海得公園營(yíng)房）and Parliament House（國(guó)會(huì)大廈）.Of course there are also modern skyscrapers.
It is estimated（估計(jì)）that by the end of the 20th century there will be five million people living in the metropolition（大城市）complex along the coastline north and south of Sydney.
1.派生法：通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴(prefixes)或后綴(suffixes)構(gòu)成新詞。
建議：圍繞單詞詞根進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，奠定英語(yǔ)閱讀詞匯基礎(chǔ)。
(1)dirt(n.)臟物
［派生］dirty(adj.)骯臟的［規(guī)則］后綴-y接于名詞后構(gòu)成“……的”。如：
cloud(n.)-cloudy(adj.) wind(n.)-windy(adj.)
snow(n.)-snowy(adj.) rain(n.)-rainy(adj.)
(2)precious寶貴的
［規(guī)則］后綴-ous構(gòu)成表示“……的”。如：
danger-dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的) humor-humorous(幽默的)
mountain-mountainous(多山的) poison-poisonous(有毒的)
(3)Italy(n.)意大利
［派生］Italian(adj./n.)［規(guī)則］后綴-ian構(gòu)成表“……的人”。如：
Christ-Christian(基督教徒) music-musician(音樂(lè)家)
politics-politician(政治家) India-Indian(印度人)
(4)percent(n.)百分
［派生］percentage 百分率［規(guī)則］后綴-age構(gòu)成“集合”“狀態(tài)”的名詞。如：
bag-baggage(行李) short-shortage(短缺)
2.發(fā)散思維法：輻射一詞多義，掌握詞中詞，提高閱讀能力。
建議：先學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)，后結(jié)合例句加以應(yīng)用，再回到劃線部分加以領(lǐng)悟，即運(yùn)用意群記憶法。
(場(chǎng)所)在……那邊
(1) beyond (prep./adv.) (時(shí)間)超出
(程度)超出，為……所不及
如：The house is beyond the bridge.房子在橋的那一邊。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock at night.晚上10點(diǎn)后不要在外面逗留。
Your works are beyond all praise.你的作品叫人贊揚(yáng)不盡。
你來(lái)試試：
［填空］What he has done is ____________(出乎意料). (beyond expectation)
修理、安裝
(2) fix up
安排(住宿)，提供
如：They fixed up a simple operation table on one end of the room.
他們?cè)诜块g的一頭搭起了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的手術(shù)臺(tái)。
They are fixing up the light.他們正忙著裝燈。
Can you fix up a meeting in a hotel? 你能在飯店安排一次會(huì)議嗎？
You can ask your father to fix you up with a good bike.
你可以請(qǐng)求你爸爸給你提供一輛好的自行車(chē)。
intend…for 打算給……
(3) intend to do 打算做
intend sb.to do 打算讓某人做
如：He intends to study abroad next year. 他打算明年到國(guó)外留學(xué)。
He intends his son to manage the company. 他打算讓兒子經(jīng)營(yíng)公司。
The dictionary is intended for the children. 字典是給孩子用的。
熄滅，關(guān)燈
(4) put out 發(fā)布新聞
生產(chǎn)
伸出
如：You can put out cigarette in the ashtray.你可以在煙灰缸把香煙捏掉。
Be sure to put the light out before you go away.你離開(kāi)前務(wù)必將燈關(guān)掉。
The publishing house put out 80 new books last year.那家出版社去年出版了80本新書(shū)。
From then on the Romans began to put out a great variety of coins.
從那時(shí)起，羅馬人就發(fā)行種類(lèi)更多的硬幣了。
He put out his hands to take mine.他伸出手來(lái)拉我的手。
The government will put out a new statement next week.政府將在下周宣布一項(xiàng)新聲明。
depend on/upon 依靠、取決于
(5)
That(all)depends/It(all)depends 視情況而定
如：You can never depend on your parents.你不能永遠(yuǎn)依靠父母。
I may help you,but that depends.我也許會(huì)幫你，但得視情況而定。
3.辨析法：辨別相近易混結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)會(huì)他們的區(qū)別。
建議：先學(xué)習(xí)辨析結(jié)構(gòu)，后回到例句中加以分析應(yīng)用，再領(lǐng)悟劃線部分，破解難點(diǎn)。即運(yùn)用意群記憶法。并運(yùn)用觀察分析法對(duì)比記憶。
如：I found a place suitable for the party.我找到了一個(gè)適于聚會(huì)的地方。
Do you think this style suits me?你覺(jué)得這種款式適合我嗎？
These shoes don't fit me.這鞋我穿不合適。
The new manager isn't fit for his position.新經(jīng)理不勝任這項(xiàng)工作。
切記：(sth.)fit sb.某人穿……合適
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］His great height fited him for team games last year.(fited→fitted)
outdoor(adj.)戶(hù)外的，反義詞indoor
(2)
outdoors(adv./n.)戶(hù)外，反義詞indoors
如：After class, the students prefer outdoor sports.下課后，學(xué)生們喜歡戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Children usually prefer playing outdoors.孩子通常喜歡在戶(hù)外玩。
give birth to 生產(chǎn)、生下
(3)
be born 出生
如：His wife gave birth to a son.
The town gave birth to great men.
She was born on May 2nd.
He was borne by Eve.
小結(jié)：give birth to 其主語(yǔ)為雌性，其賓語(yǔ)一般為牲畜或嬰兒。也可用比喻意義。
be born其主語(yǔ)是人或動(dòng)物。也可用引申義。如跟有by短語(yǔ)則用borne。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］On a rainy day,she was born by her poor mother.(born→borne)
如：His elder brother is a PLA man.他哥哥是解放軍戰(zhàn)士。
He is my elder by several years.他大我?guī)讱q。
The elders handed down the customs.長(zhǎng)輩們把風(fēng)俗傳了下來(lái)。
你來(lái)試試：
［填空］She is three years ____________ than my _____________ sister. (older, elder)
4.聯(lián)想歸納法：用已知語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行廣義聯(lián)想，歸納總結(jié)。再回到意群中加以領(lǐng)悟。
(1)go camping 去露營(yíng)
聯(lián)想go+v.-ing，得到：
go boating 去劃船
go cycling 去騎自行車(chē)
go hunting 去打獵
go farming 去務(wù)農(nóng)
go soldiering 從軍
go nursing 當(dāng)護(hù)士
go climbing 去爬山
go riding 去騎自行車(chē)
go teaching 從教
go dancing 去跳舞
注意：go+v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)多指從事體育娛樂(lè)活動(dòng);也表示從事某職業(yè)。
(2)hand down傳下來(lái)
聯(lián)想動(dòng)詞hand有關(guān)詞組：
hand in(上交)
hand out(分發(fā))
in hand(手里的)
by hand(用手做)
hand over(移交)
hand back(交還)
on the other hand(另一方面)
at hand(在手邊的，即將到來(lái)的)
如：I always keep a dictionary at hand.我常把字典放在手邊。
Her sweater is knitted by hand.她的毛衣是用手打的。
Money in hand is not enough,so you can't buy the computer.
手頭的錢(qián)不夠，所以你不能買(mǎi)計(jì)算機(jī)。
(3)curiously 好奇地
聯(lián)想curiously 得到：
如：Children are naturally curious about everything around them.
孩子們對(duì)周?chē)拿考潞闷媸亲匀坏摹?/p>
I'm curious to know what is written in his letter.我極想知道他信中寫(xiě)了什么。
It's curious that he should have failed to win the race.他沒(méi)贏得比賽真奇怪。
Curiously enough,he seems to have known what we should do next.
說(shuō)來(lái)奇怪，他幾乎已經(jīng)知道我們下一步做什么。
注意：It is curious that…從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
公式為：should do(should可以省略)
(4) catch sb.doing 碰上某人做某事
be/get caught in 被……圍困
catch up with 趕上
聯(lián)想動(dòng)詞catch,得到：
catch hold of 抓住
catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
如：The girl was caught stealing the apples.這個(gè)小女孩在偷蘋(píng)果時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住。
He was caught in the storm on his way to school.他在上學(xué)的路上遇上了暴風(fēng)雨。
(5)keep out 不讓……進(jìn)來(lái)
聯(lián)想動(dòng)詞keep搭配的詞組：
keep up 維持、保持
keep off 避開(kāi)
keep in mind 記住
keep on doing 反復(fù)不斷做
keep pets 養(yǎng)寵物
keep back 抑制(情感)
keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離
keep up with 趕上
如：The trees keep out the wind.這些樹(shù)可以擋風(fēng)。
Keep off the grass.勿踏入草地。
The heavy rain kept them from going out.因?yàn)橄麓笥�，他們沒(méi)能出去。
I'm glad you're keeping up your studies.我很高興你在堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。
你來(lái)試試：
They try to keep ________________ the same speed.
A.out B.up
答案：B
the remaining language 相當(dāng)于the language left
(6) 不及物動(dòng)詞，剩余、留下
remain
系動(dòng)詞，仍然、依然
如：The children ate and ate until no food remained on the table.
孩子們吃個(gè)不停，直到桌子上的東西吃個(gè)精光才肯罷休。
The problem remained unsettled.這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍舊未解決。
用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)譯為“剩余、留下”
小結(jié)：remain 用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)譯為“仍然”
作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用remaining形式
rather than的幾種用法
1) rather than此處是介詞短語(yǔ)，意思是"與其"、"不是"，相當(dāng)于instead of。如：
I think you, rather than Mary, is to be punished.我認(rèn)為該受懲罰的是你，而不是瑪麗。
Rather than fish, we'll have fried eggs and meat for lunch.
今天午餐吃煎蛋和肉，而沒(méi)有魚(yú)。
The colour seems green rather than blue.這顏色看上去是綠的，而不是藍(lán)的。
I always prefer starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
任何事情我總是喜歡早點(diǎn)做，不要到最后。
I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我要喝冷飲，不想喝咖啡。
2)rather than可以和would連用，如would rather…than…或would…rather than…這時(shí)要注意"平?quot;問(wèn)題，即其前后必須用相同的語(yǔ)法單位。如：
I'd rather have the red one than(have)the green one. 我寧愿要紅的，不愿要綠的。
I'd take the slowest train rather than go there by air.
我寧可乘坐最慢的火車(chē)也不愿坐飛機(jī)去那兒。
He would rather walk than drive. 他寧愿步行不愿開(kāi)車(chē)。
I'd prefer to go in August rather than in July. 我愿八月去，不愿七月去。
I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown. 我寧愿說(shuō)她的頭發(fā)是栗色，而不是棕色。
【注意】I'd rather +動(dòng)詞原形，通常意為"我寧愿……"，相當(dāng)于"I'd prefer to…"，具有選擇意義，即"寧愿做……不愿做"。但是，當(dāng)后接動(dòng)詞like, enjoy, appreciate時(shí)，rather是一個(gè)程度副詞，象quite和fairly一樣無(wú)選擇意義，所以I'd rather like不是"我寧愿喜歡"，而是"我相當(dāng)（很）喜歡"。試比較下列句子：
�、�"I'd rather like a cup of coffee." "Oh, would you? I'd rather have a beer. "
"我很想來(lái)杯咖啡。""噢，是嗎？我寧愿喝杯啤酒。"
�、赪e would rather appreciate your help. 我們非常感謝你的幫助。
�、踂hich would you rather have, tea or coffee? 你更愿意喝什么，茶還是咖啡？
�、蹾e would rather enjoy seeing a film on Sundays. 他很喜歡在星期天看場(chǎng)電影。
3）在would rather前后可用不同的主語(yǔ)來(lái)表示某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事，這時(shí)，一般用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事。如：
"Shall I open a window? ""I'd rather you didn't."
"我開(kāi)一扇窗好嗎""你最好別開(kāi)。"
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.
明天別來(lái)，我希望你下周末來(lái)。
I'd rather you told me the truth. 我寧愿你給我講實(shí)話。
I'd rather you went home now. 我愿意讓你現(xiàn)在就回家。
4）談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
I'd rather you hadn't done that.我真希望你沒(méi)做過(guò)那件事。
I'd wish you had answered the question. 我真希望你回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我希望你沒(méi)做過(guò)那件事。
二、知識(shí)歸納
（一）catch 高考�？紕�(dòng)詞之一，其主要用法如下：
1.(出其不意地)碰上，撞上（某人做某事，多指不好的事），作及物動(dòng)詞用。
（1）后接帶現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：catch sb.doing sth.
e.g.She caught him smoking.ニ撞上他抽煙。
He caught some boys stealing flowers from the garden.ニ發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)男孩在花園里偷花。
（2）后接名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
e.g.I caught the boy at it again.ノ矣腫采險(xiǎn)夂⒆釉詬燒饈隆＊
We shall catch them in the middle of their supper.ノ頤僑セ崤鏨纖們吃晚飯。
2.撞上、碰上（多用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）：be/get caught in…
e.g.The ship was caught in a hurricane.ツ撬掖遇上了颶風(fēng)。
On my way home yesterday,I was caught in the rain.プ蛺煳以諢丶業(yè)耐局杏鏨嫌炅�。�
3.趕上，抓-
e.g.They caught us before we reached town.ノ頤腔姑揮械醬锍搶錚他們就趕上我們了。
I want to catch the one-thirty train.ノ蟻肴ジ弦壞惆氳幕鴣�。�
I caught him by the arm.ノ易プ×慫的胳臂。
What?I didn't catch that(what you said).ナ裁矗課頤惶清楚。
（二）intend的主要用法歸納
1.intend用作及物動(dòng)詞，打算，有……意圖
（1）接不定式
e.g.I can't do it,and don't intend to.ノ也荒苷庋做，也不打算這樣做。
Do you intend to make a long stay there?ツ憒蛩閽諛搶锎舫ぢ穡開(kāi)
（2）接動(dòng)名詞
e.g.We don't intend doing it this year.ノ頤墻衲瓴淮蛩閼庋做。
（3）接從句
e.g.He hadn't intended that we should all be there.ニ沒(méi)有意思讓我們都到那里。
（4）接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
e.g.Let's ask him what he intends us to do.ピ勖僑ノ飾仕打算讓我們?cè)趺崔k。
The building was intended to be a museum.フ庾建筑物本來(lái)是打算用作博物館的。
（5）接名詞或代詞
e.g.They intended no harm.ニ們沒(méi)有惡意。
2.intend…for… 打算給某人……，打算使……成為……
e.g.They intended the chair for you,but she took it away.
這把椅子他們是打算給你的，但是她搬走了。
This gift is intended for Xiao Hong.フ飫裎鍤親急父小紅的。
（三）fix up的用法歸納
1.安排
e.g.Please fix up time for an interview.デ氚才藕靡桓黽面的時(shí)間。
We'll fix him up in the hotel.ノ頤墻把他安排在那個(gè)賓館。
2.修理
e.g.He is fixing up the broken chair.ニ在修理那個(gè)破椅子。
3.搭起
e.g.That night we fixed up a bamboo bed for him in the front room.
那天晚上我們給他在前屋搭了一張竹床。
4.解決
e.g.We have fixed up the matter now.フ饈孿衷諼頤且丫解決了。
（四）round up的用法
round up 聚集、召集，相當(dāng)于：gather together,可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞。
e.g.They rounded up at the school gate.ニ們?cè)谛ｉT(mén)口集合。
I rounded up a lot of students to help me.ノ藝偌了好多學(xué)生來(lái)幫我的忙。
（五）rather than的用法
（1）是……而不是……，通常連接兩個(gè)名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)將前后兩種情況加以對(duì)比。
e.g.He is a doctor rather than a worker.ニ是醫(yī)生而不是一名工人。
She is honest rather than clever.ビ肫淥鄧聰明，還不如說(shuō)她老實(shí)。
連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)和前面的一個(gè)一致。
e.g.Tom,rather than you,is to blame.ジ檬茉鴇傅氖翹濫罰而不是你。
（2）would rather…than…/would…rather than…
e.g.I would take the train rather than go there by bus.
=I would rather take the train than go there by bus.我寧愿乘火車(chē)也不愿坐公共汽車(chē)去那兒.
（3）rather…than otherwise 不是別的，而是
e.g.It is rather cold than otherwise.ヌ旎故峭冷的。
三、詞語(yǔ)辨析
1.be born,give birth to
(1)sb.be born in/on/at/of/from… 出生于……
e.g.She was born in a city. 她出生在一個(gè)城市里。
The boy was born of/in/from/into a poor peasant family.
那個(gè)男孩出生于一個(gè)貧窮的農(nóng)民家庭。
(2)be born+n. 生來(lái)就是，天生就是……
e.g.No one is born a teacher.ッ揮腥松來(lái)就是老師。
(3)give birth to 生，產(chǎn)生
e.g.She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.ニ生了一個(gè)漂亮健康的寶寶。
The Chinese nation has given birth to many heroes.ブ謝民族涌現(xiàn)了許多英雄。
2.older, elder
二者都是old的比較級(jí)，但用法不同。old用于人時(shí)指年齡更大，用于物時(shí)指更舊;elder只用于比較同輩人中的年齡大小，只用作定語(yǔ)。
e.g.My elder brother is five years older than I.ノ腋綹綾任掖5歲。
This table is much older than that one.フ庹拋雷穎饒欽啪傘＊
3.outdoor,outdoors
outdoor是形容詞“室外的”，多用作定語(yǔ)；outdoors是副詞“室外（地）”“戶(hù)外（地）”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。它們的反義詞分別是：indoor（室內(nèi)的）和indoors（室內(nèi)地）。
e.g.He often sleeps outdoors in summer.ハ奶燜常在室外睡。
We need more outdoor exercise.ノ頤切枰更多的戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Good health depends,of course,________________a number of factors.
A.to B.upon C.for D.with
2.I'd like the red silk dress ________________ that black one if you let me choose.
A.and not B.rather than C.more than D.than
3.We put a fence ________________ the vegetable to keep the chickens ________________.
A.round;in B.around;out C.over;out D.on;in
4.-Do you regret paying so much money for the book?
-No,I would gladly pay ________________ for it.
A.three times as many B.three times so much
C.three times as much D.three as much time
5.-Did they receive you well?
-Yes,they ________________ in a good hotel.
A.fixed up us B.fixed us up C.gave us up D.put up us
6.-Is there any present for me?
-Of course.This book ________________ you.
A.is given for B.is to be given for C.is intended for D.is intended to
7.The cowboy________________ the cattle that ________________ eating the grass here and there.
A.drove up;was B.picked up;were C.rounded up;was D.rounded up;were
8.-Where shall we ________________ tonight?
-I think the clearing near the river is a good place.
A.camp B.stay C.live D.sleep
9.The ________________ diamond is ________________.
A.valuable;curious-shaped B.valuable,curious-shaping
C.precious;curiously-shaped D.precious;curiously-shaping
10.Australia ______ almost one third of the world's sheep.Cattle are also ____,fruit and vegetables are ______ in it.
A.produces;kept;grown B.keeps;grown;produced
C.grows;produced;kept D.produces;grown;kept
11.The peasants ________________ the majority of the population in China.
A.are make from B.make up C.make up of D.are make of
12.One strange animal ______eggs,yet feed its young ________ its milk.
A.lay;on B.lays;on C.laid;with D.laid;on
13.He would take the slowest train ________________ by air.
A.rather than going B.rather than go C.rather go D.prefer to go
14.The students in Class Two are planning ________________ in the summer holidays.
A.going camp B.going to camp C.to go camp D.to go camping
15.What is ________ price to one person ______ worthless to another.
A.behind;maybe B.behind;may be C.beyond;maybe D.beyond;may be
16.The soldier rushed into the railway station ________________.
A.with a gun in hand B.with gun in hand
C.gun in hands D.gun in hand
17.-I'd like to go to the cinema with you,Dad.
-Sorry,but the film is ________________ for adults.
A.admitted B.intended C.promised D.permitted
18.Twelve of the students gave performances,and the ______ ones served as the audience.
A.left B.rest C.remained D.remaining
19.No dictionary can _________ all the English idioms.
A.cover B.tell C.say D.show
20.The painting looks better if seen ________________ distance.
A.in a B.in the C.at a D.at the
1.B depend upon/on 取決于。 2.B rather than 而非。
3.B keep the chickens out 不讓雞進(jìn)來(lái)。 4.C 省略句。 5.B fix up 安排住宿。
6.C be intended for 意指。 7.D round up 趕攏，cattle 是集合名詞。
8.A 9.C 10.A 11.B make up 構(gòu)成 12.B
13.B go與take 構(gòu)成平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。 14.D plan to do 計(jì)劃做某事;go camping 去露營(yíng)。
15.D 16.D gun in hand 相當(dāng)于with a gun in his hand 17.B
18.D the remaining ones 相當(dāng)于the ones left 19.A 20.C at a distance 隔有一段距離。
語(yǔ)法天地
復(fù)習(xí)歸納v.-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)的用法。
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：見(jiàn)下表
以及物動(dòng)詞ask,不及物動(dòng)詞go為例。
(2)分詞的時(shí)間意義
①現(xiàn)在分詞的一般時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：
One day I found a boy playing on the track.
②現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如：
Having cleaned the desk,we began reading.
(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式：not+v.-ing
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞的作用
現(xiàn)在分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。
①作定語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)蝹�(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的前面。分詞詞組作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。如：
He was waiting for the sleeping boy.
Do you know the man sitting over there?
切記：having done 分詞的完成時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)不能作定語(yǔ)。
［誤］Do you know anyone having told lies?
［正］Do you know anyone who has told lies?
②作表語(yǔ)
如：The story that I read yesterday is very touching.
③作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
切記：分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的賓語(yǔ);作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。
現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)間是主謂關(guān)系。
分詞與不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
動(dòng)詞不定式與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如：
I feel my heart feeling fast.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
Did you hear anyone come in?(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程)
④作狀語(yǔ)
A.分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，多位于句首，可轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語(yǔ)從句;作表示結(jié)果、方式、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常置于句末。如：
Working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Being too old, he couldn't walk that far.(原因狀語(yǔ))
Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.(條件狀語(yǔ))
Being young, he knows a lot.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
Many trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing wind.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
B.分詞作狀語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行�，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生。
注意：邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞解題的鑰匙，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。即分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系如下表
但幾個(gè)常用的詞組不受這種語(yǔ)法限制。
generally speaking(一般的來(lái)說(shuō)) strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格的來(lái)說(shuō))
roughly speaking(粗略的來(lái)說(shuō)) judging from(由……來(lái)看)
如：Generally speaking,newspaper follows the American way.
Judging from his accent,he must be from Shanghai.
(5)分詞與從句/獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
①?gòu)木涞慕Y(jié)構(gòu)為：關(guān)聯(lián)詞(after,before,since,as…)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。如：
After I had put down my newspaper,I walked over to the window and looked out.
②分詞是短語(yǔ)，無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)詞(但可保留when,while,if,though…)如：
When leaving the airport,they waved again and again.
③獨(dú)立主格為短語(yǔ)，無(wú)連詞但有邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯謂語(yǔ)，邏輯謂語(yǔ)由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞承擔(dān)。如：
Weather permitting,we'll go to the Great Wall.
(6)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件時(shí)常放于句首。表示方式或伴隨放于句末。
①表示時(shí)間 如：The work finished,they left the room.=After the work was finished,…
②表示原因
如：It being a rainy day,Kate wore her new raincoat=Because it was a rainy day,…
③表示條件 如：Weather permitting,we'll visit the Great Wall.=If weather permits,…
④表示方式或伴隨情況
如：The family started on their way,children running and jumping in front.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
①名詞(代詞)+不定式或分詞 如：The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
注意：being\,having been的省略：being\,having been在名詞作邏輯主語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。如：Class(being)over, we began to have a break.
His work(having been)finished, he went home.
但代詞作邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，being\,having been不可省略。如：
They being our friends,we should help them.
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］He stood there with his eyes fixing on the ground.(fixing→fixed)
It fine, we went out for a walk.(fine前加being)
②名詞(代詞)+形容詞/副詞/介詞詞組 Summer over, students returned to school.
③with+名詞(代詞)+賓補(bǔ)。這種句型又叫with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
With his mother out,he failed to do his homework.
注意：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中冠詞的省略。
在“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，在這些名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。如：The teacher came in,with a book in his hand(book in hand.)
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］The man was sitting over there,a pipe in mouth.(去掉a)
語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)
1.The professor came into the lab,________________ by his assistant.
A.following B.followed C.being followed D.to follow
2.With trees,flowers and grass __________ everywhere my town has taken on a new look.
A.planting B.planted C.to plant D.to be planted
3.Weather ________________,we'll go fishing tomorrow morning.
A.is permitting B.permits C.permitting D.permitted
4.The key ________________,I couldn't enter the office.
A.was lost B.having been lost C.be lost D.being lost
5._______not enough money,I couldn't buy the dictionary.
A.It being B.It was C.There being D.There was
6.________________,the boy could't enter his house.
A.Since the key has lost B.The key was lost
C.Lost the key D.Having lost the key
7.If ________________ ill,I'll stay home ________________ a good rest.
A.to fall;taking B.fall;to taking C.falling;taking D.falling;take
8.A letter has been written to him,________________ him to the party.
A.invite B.to invite C.invited D.inviting
9.Not ________________ it right,he was encouraged to try again.
A.did B.done C.to do D.having done
10.________________ your head,and you'll see the sun ________________ now.
A.Raise;rising B.Raise;raising C.To raise;rising D.Lift;being risen
11.________________ from his clothes,he is not so poor.
A.Judged B.Judging C.To judge D.Having judged
12.________________ now pretty late,we took candles and went upstairs.
A.Being B.to be C.For being D.It being
13.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
14.________________ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
15.Mother ________________ the child had to live alone.
A.dying B.died C.having died D.dead
16.All the people,________________ the wounded,were brought to safty.
A.included B.including C.include D.to include
17.All the people,the wounded ________________ were brought to safety.
A.included B.including C.include D.to include
18.On my way home,I saw a thief ________________ money from a lady by police.
A.being caught B.having caught C.caught stealing D.have caught to steal
19.He stepped into his room,____ ______ a lot of things _______.
A.finding;robbed B.finding;stolen C.found;missed D.to find;robbed
20._____ ___ up at his father,he asked what was the matter with him?
A.Having looked B.Looking C.To look D.Look
1.B followed by his assistant 被助手跟隨。2.B planted 表示動(dòng)作完成。
3.C 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。4.B 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。5.C 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
6.D 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，the boy 是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
7.C 8.D 9.D 分詞作狀語(yǔ)。10.A 祈使句+and… 11.B judging from 是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。
12.D 句子意為：天已黑，我們拿著蠟燭上樓。 13.A
14.C receive 發(fā)生在decide之前，所以用完成時(shí);not+doing 構(gòu)成分詞的否定式。
15.B 16.B 17.A 18.C catch the thief stealing
19.B steal a lot of things，不可說(shuō)rob sth., rob sb.of sth.是正確的。 20.B
（二）高考真題
1.(2000上海)__in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was foundedC.Founded D.Founding
簡(jiǎn)析：選C。founded既表示了Harvard的被動(dòng)（被創(chuàng)建），又表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去（in 1636）。
2.(2000上海)The ________boy was last seen________near the East Lake.
A.missing;playing B.missing;playC.missed;played D.missed;to play
簡(jiǎn)析：選A。missing是一個(gè)形容詞，丟失的，下落不明的。修飾boy，句子中出現(xiàn)了last這個(gè)副詞，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的一個(gè)情景，故用分詞playing而不能用play。
3.(2001上海)The bell________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.
A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting
C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted
簡(jiǎn)析：選A�！癷ndicate”和“interrupt”和bell的關(guān)系都是表示主動(dòng)，都用現(xiàn)在分詞，indicating作定語(yǔ)，interrupting作狀語(yǔ)。
4.(2001高考題)___such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered
簡(jiǎn)析：選A。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法，suffer的邏輯主語(yǔ)是river，表主動(dòng)，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)。