§2.1詞句貫通
1.collision n.碰撞，沖突
a head-on collision正面沖突或相撞
He was killed in a car collision.
他在一次汽車相撞中死亡。
His car had a collision with a bus.
他的車與公交車相撞了。
A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.
與議會(huì)的沖突可能會(huì)破壞政府的計(jì)劃。
be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(與……)沖突，相撞，發(fā)生矛盾
The two ships came into collision.
那兩只船相撞了。
People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.
想革命的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己與法律的勢(shì)力水火不相容。
2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，長(zhǎng)期不變的
permanent peace 長(zhǎng)久的和平
a permanent job 固定的職業(yè)
The drug may cause permanent brain damage.
這種藥可能會(huì)引起永久性的腦部傷害。
This is my permanent address.
這是我的固定居所。
After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.
做了一個(gè)星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。
3.voyage n.航海，航行
The ship set out on a long voyage.
那艘船出發(fā)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)途航行。
The voyage to England took seven days.
這次去英國(guó)的航行時(shí)間是七天。
We made a voyage to Australia.
我們航行到了澳大利亞。
He is now on the voyage home.
他正在返航途中。
David went on a voyage around the world.
大衛(wèi)作了環(huán)游世界的航行。
When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.
我離職后要作一次長(zhǎng)途航海旅行。
4.aboard adv.在船(飛機(jī)、車)上，上船，上飛機(jī)
All aboard!各位請(qǐng)上船(飛機(jī)、車)!
Welcome aboard!歡迎大家乘船(飛機(jī)、車)!
All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.
那次飛機(jī)失事中，機(jī)上的257名乘客全部遇難。
We got aboard though the boat was crowded.
雖然船上很擁擠，我們還是上了船。
He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.
就在火車即將開動(dòng)時(shí)，他跑過(guò)來(lái)了并爬上了火車。
5.gentle adj.溫和的，溫柔的，有禮貌的，文雅的
Mothers are always gentle with their children.
母親對(duì)待孩子總是溫柔體貼。
My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.
我的新老師對(duì)我既溫和又鼓勵(lì)。
Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.
瑪麗很文雅，她從來(lái)不說(shuō)粗話。
She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.
她小巧玲瓏，聲音溫柔，動(dòng)作文雅。
She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.
她在小孩的背上輕輕地拍了一下。
6.throw light on/upon使……顯得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展已使這個(gè)問(wèn)題明朗化。
Can you throw any light on the problem?
你能把這個(gè)問(wèn)題闡述清楚嗎？
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.
這個(gè)信息可以解開貝克醫(yī)生之迷。
7.matter n.事情，問(wèn)題[C]；物質(zhì)，內(nèi)容[U]
a private matter 私事
the matter under discussion 討論中的問(wèn)題
Political matters interest him greatly.
他對(duì)政治問(wèn)題深感興趣。
It’s no laughing matter.
這不是開玩笑的事。
The world is made up of matter.
世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
物質(zhì)以三種形態(tài)存在，即固體、液體和氣體。
The matter in your essay is excellent.
你文章的內(nèi)容寫得很好。
8.phenomena n.[pl.]現(xiàn)象，奇跡(單數(shù)形式是phenomenon)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.
下雨和下雪是天氣現(xiàn)象。
The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.
全世界的天文學(xué)家都觀測(cè)到了這種現(xiàn)象。
That’s a natural phenomenon.
那是一種自然現(xiàn)象。
An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.
日食是很有趣的現(xiàn)象。
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.
貝多芬是音樂家中的奇才。
A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.
兩歲就能彈鋼琴的小孩可稱為奇才。
9.labour n.努力；勞動(dòng)，勞動(dòng)果實(shí)
mental labour 腦力勞動(dòng)
physical labour 體力勞動(dòng)
Workers are paid for their labour.
工人以勞動(dòng)獲得報(bào)酬。
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.
這本新書是他大約三年努力的成果。
It is labour to read the Bible through.
讀完圣經(jīng)是件相當(dāng)吃力的工作。
10.hesitate vi.猶豫，遲疑，躊躇
She hesitated before picking up the phone.
她在拿起聽筒前猶豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.
她對(duì)于要不要送兒子進(jìn)大學(xué)一事仍然猶豫不決。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎要住哪兒，我們很少有拿不定主意的情況。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.
如果你有什么要求，請(qǐng)告訴我，不要猶豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
向你提要求真不好意思，請(qǐng)你推薦我去擔(dān)任那項(xiàng)職務(wù)好嗎？
hesitation n.猶豫，躊躇
without hesitation毫不猶豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我毫不遲疑地說(shuō)出了實(shí)情。
§2.2發(fā)散思維
1.distance n.距離
當(dāng)詢問(wèn)距離是多少時(shí)，要用what提問(wèn)。
What’s the distance to London?
到倫敦的距離是多少？
distance的修飾語(yǔ)常用some,good,great,long,short等。
It’s a good distance away.
離得很遠(yuǎn)。
The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.
村民們要走很遠(yuǎn)去取水。
distance常構(gòu)成下列短語(yǔ)：
within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，幾步之遙”
The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.
公園離我家只有幾步之遙。
My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
at/from a distance (of)“從遠(yuǎn)處”
This picture looks better at a distance.
從遠(yuǎn)處看，這張畫更好看。
Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.
他不時(shí)地退后幾步從遠(yuǎn)處看一看他的作品。
One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.
人們從20英里之處就能看到這個(gè)古跡。
in the distance“在遠(yuǎn)處，遠(yuǎn)方的”
A ship could be seen in the distance.
可以看到遠(yuǎn)方有一艘船。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我看到遠(yuǎn)處有三個(gè)黑影在活動(dòng)。
keep sb.at a distance “與某人保持一段距離，不很親密”
Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.
史密斯先生對(duì)他商店的工人很好，但下班后卻與他們不很親密。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很難搞懂她，因?yàn)樗偸桥c人保持一定的距離。
2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，關(guān)心
It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.
要讓學(xué)生們持續(xù)集中注意力達(dá)一個(gè)小時(shí)以上，真是很難。
This matter requires our close attention.
這件事我們必須密切注意。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment.
失業(yè)率日漸升高引起了他的注意。
We listened with attention to what he said.
我們傾聽他所說(shuō)的話。
My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.
我的祖父年過(guò)八十，需要經(jīng)常照顧。
The patient needed immediate attention.
這位病人需要立即治療。
常構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：
pay/give attention to 注意
attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于
devote one’s attention to 專心于
turn one’s attention to 將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向