1、在錯綜條件句子中,虛擬條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語動詞應根據(jù)所指的時間選用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。例如: 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不會錯過昨天晚上的那部電影。(從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,主句與過去事實相反。) 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告,現(xiàn)在病就好了。(從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。) 2、在if虛擬條件句中,有時可把連詞省去,采用倒裝語序把謂語動詞were或助動詞did,had,should移到句首構成非真實條件從句的另一種句型,其意思不變。例如: 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出時間,我們很樂意逛公園。 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.假如沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)電,現(xiàn)代世界將很不方便。 3、有時假設的情況不用if引導虛擬條件從句來表述,而用介詞(如without, but for等)引出的短語、分詞(如supposing等)引出的短語、并列連詞(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由動詞suppose引出的祈使句或通過上下文的意思來表達。此時句中謂語動詞仍采用虛擬語氣的相應形式。例如: 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的勸告,我是不會做這份工作的。 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.顯然維克多不知道發(fā)生了什么事情。不然的話,他就不會說這樣愚蠢的話了。 4、在一些表示愿望、建議、請求、命令等含義的動詞后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"表示虛擬語氣。這類動詞有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如: 1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他們要求立即撤出侵略軍。 2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建議,由于他犯有嚴重錯誤,應解除他的職務。 5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+賓語從句"句型中,要求后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。但這種虛擬語氣表示的不是與事實相反的假設,而是一種尚未實現(xiàn)的愿望,其從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。例如: 1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五來。 2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你別對她那么粗魯?shù)刂v話。 6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等詞有關的同位語或表語從句中,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"表示虛擬語氣。例如: 1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意見是小組召開另一次會議來討論這個問題。 2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我們強調在開始制定一個新的計劃之前,必須把要達到的所有目標都考慮進去。 7、在某些"It is +形容詞+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引導的主語從句中謂語動詞均用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"來表示虛擬語氣。例如: 1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人們迫切地希望能給這個學院派一個新院長。 2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,這個女孩竟會如此傲慢。 8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."這個句型中,that引導的主語從句要用虛擬語氣形式,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"。例如: 1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提議露茜在晚會上表演一個節(jié)目。 2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建議派更多的老師去那兒幫助他們。 9、as if /though可以引出一個狀語從句也可以引出一個表語從句。當as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系動詞之后時,引導的是表語從句;如果主句的謂語動詞不是聯(lián)系動詞be等,as if /though引導的則是方式狀語從句。無論是哪種類型的從句,只要從句的內(nèi)容是不真實的,都必須用虛擬語氣。當從句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反,謂語動詞用一般過去時;表示與過去事實相反要用"had +過去分詞";表示與將來可能相反的則用"would(could,might)+動詞原形"。例如: 1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏過去似的。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反的表語從句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(與將來可能相反的主語從句) 10、在It is(about /high)time引導的定語從句中,也可以根據(jù)需要使用虛擬語氣,用以表示"(此刻)該做......而沒有做"的意思,其謂語動詞用過去時或"should +動詞原形(用should時,不能將其省略)"。例如: 1)It is time I should leave.我該走了。 2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你該穿衣服了。 11、if only引導的是省略了表示結果的主句的虛擬結構,現(xiàn)在已成為慣用法,表達愿望。從句用過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望;對過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不能實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句就用過去完成時。這類句型表示一種不真實的條件,常譯成"要是......就好了!"例如: 1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是聽取媽媽的建議就好了。 2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能講幾種外語就好了。 12、在以in order that,so that,lest引導的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣。從句中的謂語動詞用"may(might)+動詞原形"或"should +動詞原形"。在以lest引導的從句中,謂語動詞用"should +動詞原形"。例如: 1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好幾天,以便能照顧生病的母親。 2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老師一再解釋這些句子以便學生能夠清楚地理解。
虛擬語氣的幾點特殊用法
發(fā)布時間:2016-9-28 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版