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      2. 虛擬語氣的幾點特殊用法

        發(fā)布時間:2016-9-28 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

        1、在錯綜條件句子中,虛擬條件從句和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語動詞應根據(jù)所指的時間選用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。例如: 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不會錯過昨天晚上的那部電影。(從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,主句與過去事實相反。) 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告,現(xiàn)在病就好了。(從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。) 2、在if虛擬條件句中,有時可把連詞省去,采用倒裝語序把謂語動詞were或助動詞did,had,should移到句首構成非真實條件從句的另一種句型,其意思不變。例如: 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出時間,我們很樂意逛公園。 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.假如沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)電,現(xiàn)代世界將很不方便。 3、有時假設的情況不用if引導虛擬條件從句來表述,而用介詞(如without, but for等)引出的短語、分詞(如supposing等)引出的短語、并列連詞(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由動詞suppose引出的祈使句或通過上下文的意思來表達。此時句中謂語動詞仍采用虛擬語氣的相應形式。例如: 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的勸告,我是不會做這份工作的。 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.顯然維克多不知道發(fā)生了什么事情。不然的話,他就不會說這樣愚蠢的話了。 4、在一些表示愿望、建議、請求、命令等含義的動詞后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"表示虛擬語氣。這類動詞有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如: 1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他們要求立即撤出侵略軍。 2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建議,由于他犯有嚴重錯誤,應解除他的職務。 5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+賓語從句"句型中,要求后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。但這種虛擬語氣表示的不是與事實相反的假設,而是一種尚未實現(xiàn)的愿望,其從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。例如: 1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五來。 2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你別對她那么粗魯?shù)刂v話。 6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等詞有關的同位語或表語從句中,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"表示虛擬語氣。例如: 1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意見是小組召開另一次會議來討論這個問題。 2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我們強調在開始制定一個新的計劃之前,必須把要達到的所有目標都考慮進去。 7、在某些"It is +形容詞+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引導的主語從句中謂語動詞均用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"來表示虛擬語氣。例如: 1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人們迫切地希望能給這個學院派一個新院長。 2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,這個女孩竟會如此傲慢。 8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."這個句型中,that引導的主語從句要用虛擬語氣形式,謂語動詞用動詞原形或"should +動詞原形"。例如: 1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提議露茜在晚會上表演一個節(jié)目。 2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建議派更多的老師去那兒幫助他們。 9、as if /though可以引出一個狀語從句也可以引出一個表語從句。當as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系動詞之后時,引導的是表語從句;如果主句的謂語動詞不是聯(lián)系動詞be等,as if /though引導的則是方式狀語從句。無論是哪種類型的從句,只要從句的內(nèi)容是不真實的,都必須用虛擬語氣。當從句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反,謂語動詞用一般過去時;表示與過去事實相反要用"had +過去分詞";表示與將來可能相反的則用"would(could,might)+動詞原形"。例如: 1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏過去似的。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反的表語從句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(與將來可能相反的主語從句) 10、在It is(about /high)time引導的定語從句中,也可以根據(jù)需要使用虛擬語氣,用以表示"(此刻)該做......而沒有做"的意思,其謂語動詞用過去時或"should +動詞原形(用should時,不能將其省略)"。例如: 1)It is time I should leave.我該走了。 2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你該穿衣服了。 11、if only引導的是省略了表示結果的主句的虛擬結構,現(xiàn)在已成為慣用法,表達愿望。從句用過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望;對過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不能實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句就用過去完成時。這類句型表示一種不真實的條件,常譯成"要是......就好了!"例如: 1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是聽取媽媽的建議就好了。 2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能講幾種外語就好了。 12、在以in order that,so that,lest引導的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣。從句中的謂語動詞用"may(might)+動詞原形"或"should +動詞原形"。在以lest引導的從句中,謂語動詞用"should +動詞原形"。例如: 1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好幾天,以便能照顧生病的母親。 2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老師一再解釋這些句子以便學生能夠清楚地理解。

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