基礎(chǔ)知識
SB3A Units9-12
一 . 知識菜單
( 一 ) 常用單詞
1. abuse insurance income clinic fundamental fee tailor significance bench sink jar lid garbage prince penny grocery bakery weep furnish shabby mailbox bell rag rare garment worn carpet barbershop haircut booklet mutton stove pale prayer comb tortoise flash simplify criterion comrade colleague staff temporary coach compromise shortcoming regulation violent resign ambitious actual definite congratulate smooth combination shame hands-on oral strict commitment absent expand distribute corporation donate curriculum ministry worldwide aspect alongside housewife obtain evident restriction schedule presentation
2. hopeless/ hopeful/ hope
3. allowance/ allow
4. pressure/ press
5. consult/ consulter
6. chemist/ chemistry/ chemical
7. nationwide/ nation/ national
8. unfortunate / unfortunately/ fortunate
9. incident/ accident
10. devotion/ devote/ devoted
11. outcome/ income
12. baggage/ luggage
13. approve/ approval/ disapprove/ disapproval
14. anyhow/ somehow
15. summary/ summarize
16. percentage/ percent
17. suspect vt./ n.
18. uncertain/ uncertainty/ certain/ sure
19. expectation/ expect
20. division/ divide/ separate/ separation
21. excite/ exiting/ exited
22. finance n./ vt.
23. bride/ groom/ bridegroom
24. decline vi./vt./n.
25. load/ workload
26. profession/ professor
27. recorder/ record
28. select/ elect/ choose/ pick out
29. suit/ fit/ match
常用詞組
1. lay off
2. make matters worse
3. get rid of
4. make ends meet
5. attend to
6. take pride in/ be proud of
7. do up/ dress up/ make up
8. let down
9. fix sth. on/ upon sb.
10. at length
11. stick with/ stick to
12. through thick and then
13. pull out of
14. carter to
15. in reality/ in fact
16. keep an/ one’s eye on
17. take … into account
18. as a whole
19. once again/ once more
20. live up to
21. to begin with/ to start with
22. drop out (of)
23. result in/ result from
(二)重點語法: 1. Review the Subjunctive Mood (2)
2. Review all the verb tenses
3. Integrative language practice
二. 疑難點撥
1. insurance
n.
1.) 保險;保險契約[U] 保險業(yè)[U]
I found a job selling insurance.
我找到一份推銷保險的工作。
She works in insurance.
她從事保險業(yè)。
2.) 保險金額;賠償金;保險費[U][(+on)]
The insurance on my house is very high.
我的房屋保險費很高。
He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first.
他有十萬美元的人壽保險,如果他先去世,他的妻子將得到這筆錢。
3.) 預(yù)防措施;安全保證[U][sing.][(+against)]
I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against theft.
我買了新鎖具以進(jìn)一步防止盜竊。
2. allowance
n.
1.) 津貼,補貼;零用錢[C]
The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.
這孩子每星期有五元零用錢。
2.) 分配額;允許額[C]
His allowance for food is $100.
他撥出一百美元用于購買食物。
3.) 承認(rèn);允許[U]
the allowance of a claim
對要求權(quán)的允準(zhǔn)
4.) 折扣[C]
If you pay cash now I will give you an allowance of 10% off the price.
如果你現(xiàn)在付現(xiàn)款，我可以給你打九折。
3. pressure
n.
1.) 壓;按;擠;榨[U]
The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.
小盒子被這本厚厚的書壓扁了。
2.) 壓力;壓迫;緊迫;催促[U][C]
He works well under pressure.
他在有壓力的情況下工作很出色。
3.) 困擾;艱難[U]
These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.
這些老人不習(xí)慣現(xiàn)代生活的緊張壓力。
4. consult
vt.
1.) 與...商量
I'll do nothing without consulting you.
我采取行動之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(醫(yī)生)看病;請教
He went to town to consult his doctor.
他進(jìn)城去看醫(yī)生。
3.) 查閱(詞典、參考書等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
他講演時不斷看他的筆記本。
vi.
1.) 商議,磋商[(+with)]
We will consult with advisors about her education.
我們將和專家商議她的教育事宜。
2.) 當(dāng)顧問[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的總裁在好幾家大公司當(dāng)顧問。
5. fee
n.
1.) (付給律師、醫(yī)生等的)酬金,服務(wù)費[C]
I'm afraid I can't afford the doctor's fee.
恐怕我付不起看醫(yī)生的費用。
2.) 費(如學(xué)費、會費、入場費等)[C]
They charge a small registration fee.
他們收一點注冊費。
3.) 賞金,小帳[C]
vt.
付費(或小帳)給
She feed the waiter.
她付給侍者小費。
6. devotion
n.
1.) 獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn)[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我們感謝他為這一項目花費的時間和金錢。
His devotion to science is well known.
他對科學(xué)的獻(xiàn)身精神為人熟知。
2.) 忠誠;摯愛,熱愛[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music
熱愛音樂
7. outcome
n.
結(jié)果;結(jié)局;后果[sing.][(+of)]
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她對自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我認(rèn)為這件事只可能有一種結(jié)局。
8. attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你應(yīng)該更專心于學(xué)習(xí)。
2.) 關(guān)心;照料;護(hù)理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
護(hù)士正在照料病人。
9. do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
這房子需要修繕。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。
3.) 使精疲力盡
He was done up after the long trip.
長途旅行后他精疲力盡。
10. approve
vt.
1.) 贊成,同意;贊許
The professor does not approve the government's foreign policy.
那位教授不贊成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可
The meeting has now approved the plan.
會議已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了這項計劃。
vi.
贊成;贊許 [(+of)]
I'm afraid your parents won't approve of your going there.
我擔(dān)心你父母不會贊成你到那兒去。
11. at length
1.) 最后,終于 at last
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 詳細(xì)地 in detail
He talked at length about his work.
他詳細(xì)地談了他的工作。
12. flash
vt.
1.) 使閃光;使閃爍[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me?
那個司機為何用燈照我?
2.) (向...)閃現(xiàn)出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他們投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)發(fā)出(電報,電訊等);使迅速傳遍
The news was flashed around the world.
這一消息迅速傳遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 閃光,閃爍
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星閃爍。
2.) (想法等)掠過,閃現(xiàn)
A thought flashed through my mind.
我腦子里閃過一個想法。
3. 飛馳,掠過
A car flashed by.
一輛汽車疾馳而過。
n.
閃爍,閃光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
剛才有一道閃電。
13. suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察覺
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意識到危險便逃跑了。
2.) 懷疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我們不相信他們是誠實的。
3.) 懷疑(某人犯有過錯)[+of] [+(that)]
They suspect him of murder.
他們懷疑他殺了人。
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect that they'll come.
我想他們會來的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
The police have several suspects.
警方有幾名嫌疑犯。
adj.
可疑的;受到懷疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的動機受到其他人的懷疑。
14. congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝賀;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝賀你的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝賀你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我慶幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。
比較：congratulate sb. on/ upon sth.
celebrate sth.
15. finance
n.
1.) 財政;金融;財政學(xué)[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他憑著自己的理財本領(lǐng)得到了這個職位。
Minster of Finance 財務(wù)部長 personal finance個人理財
2.) (對事業(yè)的)資金支援[U]
3.) 財源;資金;(國家的)歲入;財務(wù)情況[pl.]
The country's finances have improved.
這個國家財政狀況改善了。
vt.
供資金給;融資,為...籌措資金
Who will finance the project?
誰為這項工程提供資金?
vi.
籌措資金
We are financing for the housing project.
我們在為住宅計劃籌措資金。
financial adj. 財政的，金融的the financial condition財政狀況
16. load
n.[C]
1.) 裝載;擔(dān)子
The load on that beam is more than it will bear.
那根梁上的載重超過了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)負(fù)擔(dān);重任
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
聽了這個好消息我就放心了。
3.) (車,船等的)裝載量;一車(或一船等)貨物
The truck was carrying a load of sand.
卡車裝運一車沙子。
4.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.
業(yè)已采取措施減輕醫(yī)院醫(yī)生的負(fù)擔(dān)。
vt.
1.) 裝,裝載[(+with)]
The workers are loading the ship with coal.
工人正把煤裝上船。
2.) 把彈藥裝入(槍,炮);把膠卷裝入(照相機)
Don't forget to load your camera.
別忘了給你的相機裝膠卷。
3.) 使擺滿;使充滿;使長滿 [(+with)]
The air was loaded with soot.
空氣充滿煤煙。
4.) 大量給予[(+with)]
His brothers and sisters loaded him with books.
他的哥哥姐姐送給他許多書。
vi.
1.) 裝貨[(+up)]
Have they finished loading up yet?
他們把貨物裝完了嗎?
2.) 上子彈
The soldiers loaded and fired.
士兵們裝上子彈便射擊。
17. drop out
1.) 脫離
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour.
很幸運的,在交易變壞前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out.
我的一只牙齒掉了。
2.) 退出;退學(xué)
She dropped out of school to become a waitress.
她退學(xué)去當(dāng)女招待。
18. expand
vt.
1.) 展開,張開(帆,翅等)
The eagle expanded its wings.
老鷹展開翅膀。
2.) 使膨脹;使擴張
3.) 擴大;擴充;發(fā)展
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考慮擴展他的生意。
4.) 詳述
They have expanded my view on the question.
他們已更充分地闡明了我對這個問題的觀點。
vi.
1.) 展開,張開
2.) 擴張;發(fā)展;增長
In ten years the city's population expanded by 12%.
十年之中,該城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨脹
Water expands when it freezes.
水結(jié)冰時體積膨脹。
A tire expands when you pump air into it.
輪胎打了氣就會脹大。
4.) 詳細(xì)說明[(+on/upon)]
19. distribute
vt.
1.) 分發(fā);分配[(+to/among)]
They had distributed the lands among the peasants.
他們把土地分給農(nóng)民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
這種蝴蝶在我國分布很廣。
3.) 分,分開[(+into)]
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老師把學(xué)生分成三組。
20. donate
vt.
捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[(+to)]
She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的書捐贈給圖書館。
donate blood獻(xiàn)血
vi.
捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[(+to/towards)]
My husband donates to that group every year.
我丈夫每年都捐錢給那個組織。
donation n.[(+to)]
1.) 捐獻(xiàn),捐贈[U][C]
She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children's Hospital.
她捐了五千美元給兒童醫(yī)院。
2.) 捐款;捐贈物[C]
21. profession
n.
1.) (尤指受過良好教育或?qū)ｉT訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專業(yè)[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession.
她打算以教書為業(yè)。
2.) 同業(yè),同行[sing.]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教師同行們聲稱待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是醫(yī)療業(yè)中首屈一指的醫(yī)生。
3.) 聲明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not believe in his professions of love.
她不相信他的愛情表白是真的。
比較：career
n.
1.) (終身的) 職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]
He wasn't interested in her stage career.
他對她的演戲職業(yè)不感興趣。
2.) 經(jīng)歷;生涯;歷程[C]
He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.
他覺得了解偉人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
比較：occupation
n.
1.) 工作,職業(yè)[C]
What is your father’s occupation?
你父親的職業(yè)是什么？
2.) 消遣;日常事務(wù)[C][U]
He was bored for lack of occupation.
他因無所事事而感到厭煩。
3.) 占領(lǐng),占據(jù);占領(lǐng)時期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years.
日本占領(lǐng)臺灣達(dá)五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期
No one is yet in occupation of the house.
這所房子還沒有人住進(jìn)去。
所以，在三個表示職業(yè)的詞中，profession n.(尤指受過良好教育或?qū)ｉT訓(xùn)練者,如律師、醫(yī)生、教師的)職業(yè)，專業(yè)，[C]；career n. (終身的)職業(yè)，事業(yè)[C]；occupation n.職業(yè)，工作 [C]，是一種泛指。
22. obtain
vt.
得到,獲得
He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他沒有獲得獎學(xué)金。
They obtained a loan from the government.
他們從政府那里得到一筆貸款。
vi.
得到公認(rèn);通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain.
那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas.
某些地區(qū)仍保留著這一習(xí)俗。
gain
vt.
1.) 得到; 獲得, 贏得 (戰(zhàn)爭、訴訟等有用、需要之物)
Our army gained the battle.
我們的軍隊贏得了那場戰(zhàn)役。
He gained possession of more land.
他擁有了更多的土地。
2.) 獲得（利益、利潤等）
I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it.
我可以賤買貴賣獲利3 美元。
3.) 增加,增添
I gained five pounds in a week.
我一個星期體重增加了五磅。
obtain 和gain兩個詞在表示“獲得”時，有下面的區(qū)別：
To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;
To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has
23. select
vt.
選擇,挑選,選拔[(+for/from)]
He selected a team for the special task.
他為這項特殊任務(wù)挑選了一組人馬。
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
里德先生代表我們已被選入委員會。
vi.
做出選擇,挑選
adj.
1.) 挑選出來的;精選的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding.
他們的經(jīng)過挑選的一群朋友應(yīng)邀參加婚禮。
2.) 上等的,優(yōu)等的,卓越的
She only stays at select hotels.
她只住一流旅館。
select/elect/ choose的區(qū)別
choose指在兩個或多個中選擇其一，可與from或between連用；select通常是指同類事物中選擇最好或最合適的；elect 則指通過選舉選出。
Will you help me choose myself a new coat?
請你幫我選一件新外套，好嗎？
If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?
是一個人呆在這里，還是同我一起去，如果你必須對此做出選擇，你會怎么做呢？
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.
他挑選了一雙與他所穿的衣服相配的短襪。
They elected Nixon as President.
他們選舉尼克松為總統(tǒng)。
choose和 elect 都有“決定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有關(guān)將來的重大的大決定。在結(jié)構(gòu)上，choose 之后還可有that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
He chose not to go home until later.
他決定晚些時再回家。
He chose that we should stay.
他決定說，我們得留下來。
He elected to be a doctor.
他決定將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
24. suit
n.
(一套)衣服[C]
I picked out a black suit.
我挑了一套黑色西裝。
vt. suit
1.) 適合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you?
星期五早上對你合適嗎?
The arrangement suited us both.
這個安排對我們兩人都合適。
2.) (不用被動式) 與...相配,與...相稱
This dress suits you beautifully.
這件衣服你穿非常合適。
3.) 使合適; 使適應(yīng) [(+to)]
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的講話在這個場合十分得體。
vi.
1.) 合適,適當(dāng)
Will that time suit?
這時間合適嗎?
2.) 相稱; 彼此協(xié)調(diào) [(+to/with)]
The position suits with his abilities.
這個職位與他的能力相稱。
比較：fit作動詞的用法
vt.
1.） (衣服)合...身;與...相稱
This dress doesn't fit me.
這件衣服不適合我穿。
2.） 適合于;使適合 [(+for)]
Her training fits her for the job.
她所受的訓(xùn)練使她能勝任這項工作。
We must fit the action to the word.
我們必須言行一致。
3.） 安裝
Can you fit the electric fire for me?
你能替我裝上電爐嗎?
vi.
1.） (衣服)合身;適合
Does this shirt fit?
這件襯衫合身嗎?
2.） 符合;配合