反意疑問句是附加在陳述句之后, 對(duì)所陳述內(nèi)容提出質(zhì)疑或通過反問以強(qiáng)化陳述內(nèi)容的一種疑問句。
正常情況下, 如果陳述部分是肯定的, 附加部分用否定形式, 如果陳述部分是否定的, 附加部分用肯定形式。 附加部分的助動(dòng)詞和代詞應(yīng)與陳述部分一致。
e.g. They are students, aren't they?
They aren't students, are they?
1.在由“祈使句+疑問部分”構(gòu)成的反意疑問句中，疑問部分通常用will you
Pass me the dictionary, will you?把詞典遞給我好嗎？
Don’t do that again, will you?別再做那件事好嗎？
在含有l(wèi)et的祈使句后的反意疑問部分，如果let的賓語(yǔ)us包括聽者（常寫成let’s）時(shí)用shall we，
不包括聽者（常寫成let us）時(shí)用will you。Let的賓語(yǔ)是me時(shí),要根據(jù)意思用will you或may I。let的賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱時(shí)用will you。
Let’s go for a walk , shall we?我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝幔?/p>
Let us do it by ourselves, will you?讓我們自己做這件事好嗎？
Let me have a look at your photo, will you?（你）讓我看看你的照片好嗎？
Let him speak first, will you?（你）讓他先說好嗎？
2. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 must 時(shí), 要注意 must 的含義。 表示 "一定要, 必須"時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用 mustn't 或 needn't
e.g. He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?
You must renew the book, needn't you?
表示推測(cè) "一定是, 必定是"時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分有下列情況:
A). 當(dāng)陳述部分有 must be ...時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用 be 的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g. He must be very tired, isn't he?
He must be working hard at the office, isn't he?
B). must have + 過去分詞 表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
a). 單純表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè), 與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān), 反意疑問句附加部分用過去式。
b). 表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)且影響到現(xiàn)在或持續(xù)現(xiàn)在, 反意疑問句附加部分用現(xiàn)在完成式。
e.g. He must have come yesterday, didn't he?
You must have studied English for years, haven't you?
He must have lived here at least ten years, hasn't he?
3．當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問部分的主語(yǔ)用it。
Nothing could prevent him from going there, could it?什么也阻止不了他去那里，對(duì)嗎？
如果陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為nobody, somebody, none, someone, no one, anyone, anybody, everyone等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問部分的
主語(yǔ)用they或he。
Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday, didn’t they/he?昨天有人那走了我的雨傘，是嗎？
4． 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問部分應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。陳述部分是I think, I suppose, I believe時(shí)，
反意疑問部分應(yīng)與that從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。
He said his father had been sent to hospital, didn’t he?他說他父親已送去醫(yī)院了，是嗎？
I think he’ll come to help us with our work, won’t he?我想他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們工作，是嗎？
I believe you have met each other before, haven’t you?我相信你們以前彼此見過面，對(duì)嗎？
I suppose they are waiting for us now, aren’t they?我猜想他們正在等我們，是嗎？
5． 在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，由neither…nor…, neither of來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問部分的主語(yǔ)用they。
Neither of them knew his address, did you?他們沒人知道他的地址，對(duì)嗎？
6． 如果陳述部分是I am…，反意疑問部分用aren’t I。
I’m late, aren’t I?我遲到了，是不是？
7． 當(dāng)陳述部分為感嘆句時(shí)，反意疑問部分用否定形式，主語(yǔ)仍與感嘆句的主語(yǔ)一致。
What a fine day today, isn’t it?今天天氣多么好，是嗎？
8． 當(dāng)陳述部分含有wish時(shí)，反意疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞用may。
I wish to use your dictionary, may I?我想用你的詞典，行嗎？
9.當(dāng)陳述部分含有you’d better, you’d like to時(shí)，反意疑問部分分別用hadn’t you, wouldn’t you。
You’d better take his advice, hadn’t you?你最好還是聽他的建議，好嗎？
You’d like to go to the party, wouldn’t you? 你想去聚會(huì)，是嗎？
10. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有have to時(shí)，反意疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)have的變化，分別用don’t, doesn’t, didn’t。
I have to take this medicine, don’t I?我必須吃這藥，是嗎？
11. 當(dāng)陳述部分是there be句型時(shí)，反意疑問部分用be there。
There is something wrong with the machine, isn’t there?機(jī)器出了毛病，是嗎？
There is no time left, is there?沒有時(shí)間了，是不是？
12．當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, no, never, rarely, few, little, nobody, nowhere等否定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定式。
He hardly speaks English, does he?他幾乎不會(huì)說英語(yǔ)，是吧？
She seldom lends her money to others, dose she?她很少把錢借給別人，是嗎？
13．當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或詞組時(shí)，反意疑問部分的主語(yǔ)通常用it。
What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?他在會(huì)上所說的很重要，對(duì)嗎？
To master a foreign language isn’t easy, is it?掌握一門外語(yǔ)不容易，是嗎？
Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isn’t it?在江河里游泳是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，是嗎？
14．如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞時(shí)，該陳述句部分仍作肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。
He dislikes chicken, doesn’t he他不喜歡吃雞肉，是嗎？
15. 感嘆句的反意疑問句附加部分用 to be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式。
e.g. What fine weather, isn't it?
How hard she works, isn't she?
16. 陳述部分含有 need, dare 的反意疑問句
A). 當(dāng) need , dare 為普通動(dòng)詞時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用助動(dòng)詞 do 的某種形式。
e.g. He needs help, doesn't he?
B).當(dāng) need , dare 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用其本身。
e.g. We need do it again, needn't we?
He dare not say so, dare he?
17. 當(dāng)陳述部分有 used to...時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用 didn't/ usedn't/ used + 主語(yǔ) + not?
e.g. She used to visit her uncle on holidays, didn't she?
She used to visit her uncle on holidays, usedn't she?
He used to play football when he was young, used he not?
18. 當(dāng)陳述部分有 ought to時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用
ought 或 should.
e.g. We ought to start at once, oughtn't we?
We ought to start at once, shouldn't we?
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
Such things ought not to be allowed, should they?
19. 當(dāng)陳述部分謂語(yǔ)有 would rather 或 would like to 時(shí), 反意疑問句附加部分用 wouldn't + 主語(yǔ)。
e.g. He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
You'd like to have some bananas, wouldn't you?