人教版高一冊(cè)第二單元同步重點(diǎn)精講
1.Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time.喬是一個(gè)初次來(lái)英國(guó)的美國(guó)人。
for the first time“第一次,首次”,指有生以來(lái)或一段時(shí)間中第一次做某事,為介詞短語(yǔ),在句中一般單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)。如:
They were asked to make a trip for free for the first time. 有生以來(lái)他們頭一次被請(qǐng)求作一次免費(fèi)旅行。
For the first time he said nothing about our plan.第一次他對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么。
[辨析]the first time用作連詞,常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其重點(diǎn)不是要說(shuō)第一次做了什么,而是敘述另一動(dòng)作或情況;同時(shí)該短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止某一情況或動(dòng)作的次數(shù),此時(shí)其后常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:
The first time I met her, I knew she was an honest girl.我第一次遇到她時(shí),就知道她是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的女孩。
-Do you know our town?你了解我們的城鎮(zhèn)嗎?
-No. This is the first time I have been here.不。這是我第一次來(lái)這兒。
2.Did you sleep at all on the plane?你到底在飛機(jī)上睡了沒(méi)有?
at all有下面三種常見(jiàn)用法:
1) 用于疑問(wèn)句中,意為“究竟,果然”,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣作用。如:
Do you know who will come?你到底知不知道誰(shuí)要來(lái)?
2) 用于否定句中,意為“根本”,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣作用。如:
I don’t like the food at all.我一定也不喜歡這食物。
3) 用于條件句中,意為“既然……就……”。如:
If you do it at all, do it well.既干就得好好地干。
I’ll come tomorrow if I come at all? 如果我要來(lái),就明天來(lái)。
[引申]not at all 不客氣(常用于回答道謝)。如:
-It’s very kind of you to help me.謝謝你幫助我。
-Not at all.不用謝(不客氣)。
4.Could I use your bathroom?我能用一下你的盥洗室嗎?
Could I …?用來(lái)表示委婉的請(qǐng)求,比“Can I …?”更客氣。可用于第一、
二人稱。如:
Could I use your dictionary for a minute?我可以借你的字典用一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
Could you post the letter for me on your way home?在你回家的路上您能替我將信寄掉嗎?
[注意]回答“Could I …?”時(shí),一般不可再用could,而應(yīng)其原形can,即不能說(shuō)“Yes, you could.”,而應(yīng)說(shuō)“Yes, you can”,類似的肯定表達(dá)法還有:Yes, of course,Yes, please或Yes, help yourself。
[引申]和could這種用法相同的還有兩個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,即might和would。如:
-Might I put the book here?我可以將書(shū)放在這兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
-Yes, you may.可以。
5. You don’t need to ask, just make yourself at home.你不必問(wèn),別客氣。
此句中need為行為動(dòng)詞,后常接動(dòng)詞不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:
The radio needs repairing. = The radio needs to be repaired.收音機(jī)需要修理了。
You don’t need to go now. They’ll arrive soon.你現(xiàn)在不必去了。他們很快就到。
[辨析]need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中,此時(shí)其后接動(dòng)詞原形?隙ɑ卮饡r(shí)用must。如:
-Need I go there?我需要去嗎?
-Yes, you need. (No, you needn’t.)是的。(不,不必了)。
You need not tell her the news. She has known it.你不必要告訴她這消息了。她已知道了。
[注意]在否定句中,判斷need是行為動(dòng)詞還是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞關(guān)鍵看not的位置。not在need后,則need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,反之,為行為動(dòng)詞。
6.However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.然而,把英語(yǔ)作為第二外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的人數(shù)超過(guò)7.5億。
however表示“但是,可是,不過(guò)”時(shí),起連詞作用,可放在句首或句中,有時(shí)也可放于句末,但其后均要加逗號(hào)(在句末時(shí),逗號(hào)放在其前)。如:
However, he didn’t finish the work on time.然而,他沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。
the number of表示“……的數(shù)量(數(shù)目)”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。
[辨析]a number of表示“許多,很多”,后也接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,但作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a number of 相當(dāng)于本單元中的a great many。number前也可用large,small等詞修飾,以表示數(shù)量的多少,大小。如:
The number of the students in the hall is about 200.大廳里的學(xué)生有約200人。
A number of students are planting trees.許多學(xué)生在植樹(shù)。
7.It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.精通英語(yǔ)將會(huì)越來(lái)越重要。
have a good knowledge of 意為“具有一種很好的……知識(shí)”。
[注意]在此結(jié)構(gòu)中knowledge為可數(shù)名詞,表示“一種……的知識(shí)”。其余情況下均用作不可數(shù)名詞。如:
He has a good knowledge of the English language but not much knowledge of English history.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)有豐富的知識(shí),但對(duì)英語(yǔ)史知道得卻不多。
I have no knowledge of what he said.我不理解他所說(shuō)的話。
Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。
8.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間這種語(yǔ)言在美國(guó)保持不變,而在英國(guó)卻發(fā)生了變化。
stay在該句中為連系動(dòng)詞,表“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
The shop stays open until 11:00 p.m.這家商店開(kāi)門到夜里十一點(diǎn)。
After three years, the town stays the same as before.五年過(guò)去了,小鎮(zhèn)還是老樣子。
[辨析]last作“持續(xù),維持”時(shí),為不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ),但for?墒÷。如:
The meeting lasted (for) three hours.會(huì)議開(kāi)了三個(gè)小時(shí)。
[對(duì)比]I hope the warm weather will last for another three days. = I hope the weather will stay warm for another three days.我希望暖和的天氣會(huì)再持續(xù)三天。
句中while為并列連詞,表“而,卻”,指前后兩個(gè)并列分句在意義上的對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折。如:
I’m interested in music, while my sister is fond of sports.我對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣,而我的姐姐愛(ài)好體育。
9.Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.除了拼寫(xiě)上的這些區(qū)別,英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中或多或少有所相同。
[辨析]except與except for
except是從一組東西(整體)中排除其特殊一個(gè)或幾個(gè)(部分)。而except for則是以保留的方式對(duì)整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修正,此時(shí)前后兩部分所表示的并非是同一類的事,它們之間常是從屬關(guān)系,后面一部分常對(duì)前一部分在細(xì)節(jié)上加以。如:
Everyone went to the cinema except Tom.除湯姆外,每個(gè)人都去看電影了。
Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文除幾個(gè)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤外,其他都很好。
Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.除了一位老太太外,公共汽車內(nèi)空無(wú)一人。
[注意]besides指“除……之外,另外還有”,為“+”的概念。而except為“―”的概念。如:
Two others went to see the film besides Tom.除湯姆外,還有兩個(gè)人去看電影了。
10.However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.然而,大多數(shù)時(shí)候兩國(guó)人在相互理解上并無(wú)困難。
have some (much, little, no,…) difficulty (in) doing sth. / with sth.為“做某事有一些(許多,幾乎沒(méi)有,沒(méi)有,……)困難。如:
I have no difficulty with the maths problem.解決這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)難題我沒(méi)有困難。
Do you have any difficulty in finding his house?你找到他家有困難嗎?
[注意]此句型中的difficulty相當(dāng)于trouble,均為不可數(shù)名詞;接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí),介詞in后省略;接名詞時(shí)用介詞with。