詞匯是構成人類語言大廈的建筑材料, 是語言三要素中最重要的、最基本的要素,自然成為各類英語考查的一個重點。到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)學了好多單詞,那么這些單詞究竟在考試中如何現(xiàn)身呢? 其考查的方式主要有如下幾種:單詞拼寫、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、詞語釋義、詞組英漢互譯、單詞填空等,本文將分別作以介紹。
一、單詞拼寫
此類詞的考查,要求同學們根據(jù)句意、語法知識及結構,分析要用什么形式。其解題步驟為: 首先,要認真閱讀全句,正確理解句意,雖然題中有可能已給出應填詞的漢意,但英語與漢語并不是永遠能一一對等的,因此正確理解全句有利于準確判斷應填的單詞! 〉诙,要分析應填詞充當?shù)木渥映煞,正確判斷應填詞的詞性! 〉谌袛嗨钤~應采用的正確詞形。若為名詞,應注意其單復數(shù)、可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)及其所有格形式;若為動詞,應注意人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)及非謂語動詞形式;若為修飾語,應注意修飾名詞或代詞時用形容詞,而修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句時要用副詞;若為代詞,注意代詞的各種形式;若為形容詞、副詞,應注意等級變化。類題以兩種形式出現(xiàn)。
1. 給出首字母,補全單詞
本題型考察學生在理解句子意義的基礎上正確拼寫單詞的能力。解題時,學生先要結合所給的首字母,對句子整體感悟,弄清句子的含義,然后根據(jù)句子的意義判斷出應該填寫的單詞的正確形式,并且注意要填寫的單詞是否與句子前后搭配一致和語法是否正確。
1) July is the s______ month of the year.(2005江蘇宿遷)
此題應該填seventh, 應該用seven的序數(shù)詞形式。
2)In autumn, the leaves of most trees turn _____(2005江蘇鹽城)
此題應該填yellow, 主要是根據(jù)所給的句子的整體意思判斷。
3)Don’t open the books. Please keep them c_____(2005湖北十堰)
應該填closed,本題主要是考察keep的用法。
1.) - Who jumps f______ in your class?
-Paul does. I think he can jump as much as three meters.(2005山東德州中考)
此題應該填farthest, 因為后面有in 引導的介詞短語。
2)- I like black and red, but my f_____ color is blue.
此題應該填favorite(2005山東德州中考)
. September is the n _______ month of the year.
(‘97山西)
此題應填序數(shù)詞ninth,注意n后不帶e。
2. Jack is h _______now, because he didn’t have breakfast this morning.
此題須根據(jù)后句"因為他今天早上未吃早飯",才可推斷出Jack現(xiàn)在是餓了,因此應填hungry(而不填happy, healthy, helpful, heavy等其它以h開頭的形容詞)。
3. This skirt is c _______ and the other is expensive.
該題填cheap。后面的expensive正好與該詞相對。
4. -How far is it from your home to your school?
-It is about fifty m_____ walk.
該題填minutes’。注意要用復數(shù)形式minutes,并且要用其所有格形式
5. S ____ 10th is Teachers’ Day.
該題考查有關常識的掌握情況,應填September
2 完成單詞型
技巧點播 本題型是根據(jù)句子意思及所給的漢語完成單詞。主要是考察學生在理解句子意義的基礎上進行漢英詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換的表達及運用能力。解題時,學生先要了解所給的漢語詞匯在英語句子中所起的語法作用,并以此來確定要轉(zhuǎn)換的英語單詞的詞性、詞形和結構,切不可簡單地以漢語思維方式來進行。要主義漢語的一詞多義和英語的多義現(xiàn)象以及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的英語詞匯必須在語法上與原句子前后相一致。
1) When did Mr. Smith and his friends ______(到達) in China.(2005江蘇南通)
此題應該填arrive, arrive in為固定詞組到達
2) How many _____(香蕉)have you picked?(2005浙江溫州)
Bananas, how many意為“多少”,后面多接名詞復數(shù)
3) Would you like to go _____(釣魚)with me?(2005浙江溫州)
此題應該填fishing, go+動詞-ing, 表示去做某事。
4) He has much money but _____(少)friends, so he is not happy at all.(2005江蘇常州)
此題應該填few,空格后的friends是可數(shù)名詞,應該用few修飾
4) It is a ____(晴朗的)day. It is good to go boating in the park.
此題應該填sunny或者是fine
5)We are going to Beijing _____(在期間)our holidays.(2005安徽)
此題應該填during, during the holidays意為在假期期間。
1).- Look, that is my new bike over there.
-Oh, it is an __________ (橙色的)one. So cool! (2005山東濱州)
該題所空之處應該填orange
1. I hear you‘re living ________ (高興)in the new building.
該題所空之處系修飾動詞living,應用副詞形式happily。
2. Keep _______(傳)the ball to each other, and you’ll be OK.
該題應填passing,keep后應接動詞的ing形式作賓語。
3. He _______ (清潔)our classroom every morning.
填cleans。主語是第三人稱單數(shù),一般現(xiàn)在時,動詞用-s形式。
4. Li Ming is the best student in his class. He can dohis homework
without any t____.
填trouble。前半句的介紹對正確選出所填之詞很關鍵。
二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
本題型考查學生根據(jù)語法知識判斷詞形、轉(zhuǎn)換詞性和詞形以及運用詞匯組建句子的能力。解題時,學生首先要整體領悟和理解句子的意思,根據(jù)所給單詞的詞性極其在句子中的前后搭配關系,分析和明確其在句子中所要起的語法作用,然后
1) The building has ____(ten)floors.(2005江蘇常州)
Ten,這座樓房共有十層,ten做定語修飾floor
2) I think English is very careful. Are you _____(interest) in it?(2005江蘇宿遷)
Interested, be interested in為固定詞組
2) The Greens live on the ____(nine)floor of the tall building.(2005江蘇無錫)
Ninth, nine的序數(shù)詞是ninth, 應該去掉e
3) Thursday id the ______(five) day of the week.(2005福州)
Fifth, five的序數(shù)詞是fifth
1. Who runs _______ in the class? (fast)
應填fastest。此處是有一比較的范圍in the class, 應用副詞fast的最
高級。
2. Jack‘s father often makes him ________ (do) his homework for three
hours every day .
應填do。make作"使、讓"講時,其不定式賓補不帶to。
3. There are a lot of tall ________ (build) in the city.
填buildings。首先根據(jù)句子結構考慮要用名詞, 其次要注意用復數(shù)。
4.. Look,how _______ the baby is running! (quick)
填quickly。根據(jù)感嘆句的結構判斷,此處應填副詞修飾動詞。
三、詞語釋義
這一題型的題目較多地反映在同義詞語或相同表達上。 如:take care of/look after, have a good t time/enjoy oneself, go to bed/go to sleep, be good at/do well in, by air/by plane, no longer /not...any longer, keep doing sth. / go on doing sth. 等
例如:
1) Look out, David,! A car is coming.(2005河北)
A. Be careful B. Look outside C. Look around D. Look back
Look out=be careful 意為當心,小心
2) Children always have a good time on Children’s Day.(2005福州)
A. help each other B. enjoy themselves C. look beautiful D. have a big dinner
Have a good time=enjoy oneself,意為玩的快樂
1. Don‘t worry. Your daughter will be all right soon.
A. ill B .happy C. well D .nice
答案C。all right指身體恢復健康。
2. "Thank you very much." "Not at all."
A. Sorry B. You are welcome
C. Certainly D. It doesn‘t matter
答案B。對感謝的答語還有:That’s all right. /Don‘t mention it等。