本單元語法復習--動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
知識總結(jié)與歸納：
（一）本單元閱讀材料內(nèi)的含不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的句子的總結(jié)：
1. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.
2. Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.
3. One day, your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than twelve months to live.
4. Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand.
5. Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
6. People who listen to Hawking’s lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him, because his thoughts and ideas often seem as large as the universe he is trying to describe.
7. At that time, the church said that the earth was the center of the universe and Galileo was not allowed to publish or discuss his observations.
8. Perhaps the most important thing if we want to make a difference is to find something that we like to do and that we are good at.
（二）總結(jié)：
動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以充當除了謂語以外的主語，表語，賓語，名詞后面的定語，目的狀語，以及賓語后面的補足語。對于這些內(nèi)容，重點掌握一些動詞不定式常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做主語，賓語時，it做形式主語或形式賓語的句型：如上面第：1，6，8句
It’s +形容詞/名詞+ to do sth.
…….find/make/think/feel it +形容詞/名詞 to do sth.
It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs .
Both Galileo and Zhang Heng found it difficult to make people believe that their theories were correct.
2. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做名詞的定語：have something to do / there be something to do：如上面第3句。
Do you have anything to declare ?
Jack is the person for me to turn to in difficult times.
They gave us a week to think the problem over.
Plants need room to spread their roots to get water and to spread their leaves to get sunlight.
Let’s find a more comfortable house to live in.
There are a lot of TV sets to choose from.
There is nothing to worry about.
3. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做動詞賓語：后面跟to do 做賓語的常見動詞有：afford; agree; decide; demand; expect; fail; forget; hate; hope; learn; manage; mean; need; offer; plan; prepare; pretend; promise; refuse; regret; remember; seem; want; threaten; wish 等，以及一些動詞短語如：would like to do; would prefer to rather than do; would rather do than do; We can’t afford to lose such an important member of the staff.
She flatly refused to have anything to do with the plan.
4. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做動詞賓語的補足語（賓補）：在英語中有很多這樣的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞+賓語+賓語補語�！百e語補語”補充說明賓語“做了什么”；“正在做什么”；“去做什么”；或者“被……”。其中表達“賓語部分”去做某事，可以用do, to do,形式做賓語的補足語。即動詞不定式做賓語補語。
動詞+賓語+to do sth. 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常見的動詞有：advise, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。
有時候謂語動詞和賓語可以變成被動形式，作為賓補的to do短語不變。如單元中例句7
Mr. White persuaded Tom not to smoke any more.
This kind of medicine easily causes people to sleep.
Please remind him to take medicine on time.
The teacher encouraged his students to express what they thought freely.
They were warned not to cross the old bridge.
Residents are not allowed to keep pets in our apartment building.
He is considered to be one of the leading statesmen of our country.
注意：make, let, have, see, hear, 等動詞賓語后面的賓語補語應該接動詞原形。（do形式），而在這些動詞（let除外）的被動形式里，還應該用to do短語做賓語的補足語
例句：
He saw a thief rush out of a shop carrying a bag full of money.
My boss made me redo my report because he wasn’t satisfied with it.
The boy was made to wash the windows before he could go outside to play.
（三）不定式（to do）的時態(tài)和被動式：to do結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)所表達的意義也有不同的時態(tài)和被動式表達。
1. 一般式：要去做：to do
2. 正在做：to be doing
3. 已經(jīng)做了：to have done
4. 被……：to be done
5. 已經(jīng)被…… to have been done 等
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
The book is said to have been translated into many foreign languages.
He pretended to be working hard when the boss came in.
If you don’t understand something the examiner says, simply ask for it to be repeated.
說明：對于不定式的時態(tài)和被動式用法則在掌握不定式句型的前提下要根據(jù)具體句子的語境來使用。
（四）學習建議：
1. 認真對待單元內(nèi)的閱讀材料（包括workbook中的閱讀材料），不要只把他們當成學習某些語言點的來源。通過這些閱讀材料可以掌握新詞匯，鍛煉閱讀能力，擴展知識面（用英語）。例如在READING: NO BOUNDARIES中的第6段可以了解科學家進行科學研究的過程。而INTEGRATING SKILLS 中的MAKING A DIFFERENCE，通過閱讀可以了解作者的寫作思路，學習一些寫作結(jié)構(gòu)（文章的布局）。同時對兩篇材料中許多語句，語段加以背誦，積累是可以成為今后我們寫作文的素材。
2. 除了背誦warming-up中那些著名科學家的名言之外，可以積累閱讀材料中的某些句子：
如：
（1）Imagine this:……
（2）Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane.
（3）If knowledge is power, as Sir Francis Bacon wrote in 1597, then perhaps creativity can be described as the ability to use that power.
（4）We must believe in what we do, even other do not.
（5）Perhaps the most important thing if we want to make a difference is to find something that we like to do and that we are good at…Everyone has his or her special skills and interests, and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
3. 閱讀指導：以閱讀材料MAKING A DIFFERENCE為例，注意論述性的文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是作者首先提出論點然后舉例加以說明。所以文章的首尾段，每一段的首句都表達的文章的主題。同時注意這些主題句中的連詞（轉(zhuǎn)折連詞--but等）往往是最重要的內(nèi)容。例如第一段第一句：It is not necessary to be a great scientist to make a difference, but there are things we can learn from the best minds in this world. 最后一段對make a difference的方法作了總結(jié)。
【典型例題】
一. 單項選擇：
1.There are five pairs of shoes ______, but I am at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
分析：本題考察在There be句型中動詞不定式（to do形式）修飾名詞作定語的用法。意為：有五雙鞋可供挑選，從五雙鞋中選一雙：choose one from five shoes介詞from不能丟。
答案：B
2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
分析：本題考查了動詞不定式完成被動式用法 to have been done 表示已經(jīng)被……，根據(jù)句子意思：媽媽似乎已經(jīng)被告知了一切。
答案：D
3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
分析：后半句but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.中，whether they will enjoy it.為主語從句，it為形式主語，remain后面接不定式，根據(jù)句意see與主語有被動關(guān)系。
答案：B
4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
分析：根據(jù)句意：據(jù)說澳大利亞的土地多得超過了政府所能處理的能力。know后面接疑問詞+to do 結(jié)構(gòu)
答案：C
5. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving __ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
分析：strive后面接to do 結(jié)構(gòu)做目的狀語：為……而努力。
答案：A
二. 翻譯句子：
1. Tom期待著受到邀請參加這次聚會，但很遺憾他沒有受到邀請。
2. 我的朋友建議我考慮先買一輛二手車而不是新車。
3. 你還有什么要補充的嗎？
4. Only once they’ve got an overview do they have anything that they can hang the specific parts from.
5. If the species is to be saved, we must understand and protect the secret life of pandas in the wild.
答案：
1. Tom expected to be invited to the party, but he was not.
2. My friend advised me to consider a second-hand car first, instead of a new car.
3. Do you have anything to add?
4. 只有得到一個概觀后，他們才能有針對性地挑選每一個部分去拼合成整體。
5. 如果要拯救這種稀有動物，我們就必須了解并保護野生大熊貓尚未為人世所知的生活方式。
【模擬試題】
一. 單項選擇：
1. I find these problems are easy ____.
A. to be worked out B. to work out
C. to work them out D. to be worked them out
2. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
3. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ?
-The key ___ the problem is ___ the demand which is made by the customers.
A. to solve; meeting B. to solving; meeting
C. to solve; to meet D. to solving; to meet
4. It seems that he has no pen ____.
A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
5. The police ___ the suburbs for the missing car .
A. are seeking B. are finding C. are managing D. are trying
6. We had a good many anxious moments, but everything ___ all right in the end.
A. turned down B. turned up C. turned out D. turned into
7. ___ she finds out that you’ve lost her book ?
A. What about B. If what C. What if D. That whether
8. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way the boys and girls respond to ___ situation.
A. similar B. alike C. same D. likely
9. Don’t be too ___ about things you are not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
10. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ___.
A. wait B. time C. patient D. rest
二. 完型填空：
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics, “ The Art of Eating Spaghetti（意大利面條）” caught my eyes. The word “spaghetti” brought back the ___1__ of an evening at Uncle Allen’s in Belleville ___2__ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat ___3__ spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic （外來的）treat in __4___ days. Never I eaten spaghetti, and __5__ of the grown-ups had enough experience to be ___6__ it. What laughing __7__ we had about the __8__ respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.. __9_, I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to __10___ it down simply for my own __11__, not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. __12__, I would write something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no __13__ left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to __14__ my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the __15__ papers. He said, “ Now, class, I want to read you a composition, ‘The Art of Eating Spaghetti’.”
My words! He was reading my words out __16__ to the whole class. __17__ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ___18__, but what I was feeling was pure happiness, __19__ my words had the power to make people __20__.
1. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience
2. A. when B. where C. since D. after
3. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made
4. A. their B. past C. last D. those
5. A. none B. one C. some D. neither
6. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in
7. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
8. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D. socially
9. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
10. A. settle B. put C. take D. let
11. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy
12. A. However B. Therefore C. As for him D. Except for that
13. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea
14. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay
15. A. written B. graded C. collected D. signed
16. A. loud B. fast C. publicly D. calmly
17. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I
18. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure
19. A. if B. for C. while D. although
20. A. excited B. satisfied C. think D. laugh
三. 閱讀理解：
Several years ago, my parents, my wife, my son and I ate at one of those restaurants where the menu is written on a blackboard. After a wonderful dinner, the waiter set the check in the middle of the table. That’s when it happened: my father did not reach for the check.
Conversation continued. Finally I realized that I should pick up the check! After hundreds of restaurant meals with my parents, after a lifetime of thinking of my father as the one with dollars, it had all changed. I reached for the check, and my view of myself suddenly changed. I was an adult. I was no longer a kid.
Some people mark off（區(qū)分）their lives in years, I measure mine in small events. I didn’t become a young man at a particular age, like 16, but rather when a kid who wandered in the streets called me “mister.” These events in my life are called “milestones”（里程碑）
There have been other milestones. The cops（policemen）of my youth always seemed big, even huge, and of course they were older than I was. Then one day they were suddenly neither. The day came when I suddenly realized that all the football players in the game I was watching were younger than I was. They were just big kids. With that milestone gone was the dream that someday, maybe I, too, could be a football player. Without ever having reached the hill, I was over it.
I never thought that I would fall asleep in front of the TV set as my father did. Now it’s what I do best. I never thought that I would go to the beach and not swim, yet I spent all of August at the shore and never once went into the ocean. I never thought that I would appreciate opera, but now the combination of voice and orchestra attract me. I never thought that I would prefer to stay home in the evenings, but now I find myself passing up parties. I used to think that people who watched birds were strange, but this summer I fond myself watching them, and maybe I’ll get a book on the subject. I feel a strong desire for a religious belief that I never thought I’d want, feel close to my ancestors (祖先) long gone, and echo my father in arguments with my son. I still lose…
One day I bought a house. One day-what a day!–I became a father, and not too long after that I picked up the check for my own father. I thought then it was a milestone for me. One day, when I was a little older, I realized it was one for him, too, another milestone.
1. The tone established in the passage is one of _______
A. sad regret B. amusement
C. happiness D. deep feeling
2. The author mentions the event in the restaurant because _____.
A. that was one of his milestone
B. he paid the bill but he didn’t want to
C. he became a father with dollars
D. that was the last restaurant meal with his parents
3. “Then they were suddenly neither.” Suggests that ______.
A. suddenly they became older than I was
B. suddenly I knew that they was neither bigger nor older than I was
C. suddenly I realized that I made mistake
D. suddenly I found myself no longer a kid
4. Which of the following best expresses the author’s thinking ?
A. One day is worth two tomorrow
B. To save time is to length life
C. When an opportunity is lost, it never comes back to you
D. Time and tide wait for no man
四. 短文改錯：
This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy, 1.________
The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2.________
Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the world 3.________
but could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I just 4.________
couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I was 5. ________
about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in 6. ________
the kitchen looking at me. Shake her hand, she said, ‘It 7. ________
isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologize 8. ________
and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You 9. ________
know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 10. ________
五. 書面表達：
以A Ten-minute Break為題，寫一篇100詞左右的短文。內(nèi)容必須包括以下要點：
1. 十分鐘的課間休息是必要的。
2. 要注意休息的方式。
3. 你自己是如何利用課間十分鐘的。
【試題答案】
一. 單項選擇：
1. B 句型Something be +adj. to do ：某事作起來很……，
2. A 為了晚點起床，不定式在此做目的狀語。
3. D the key to doing sth.：做…的方法/關(guān)鍵。to：是介詞。后面的空是不定式做表語。
4. B 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)做定語修飾pen，先行詞the pen 做短語to write with 的賓語。
5. A 警察搜索郊區(qū)，尋找丟失的汽車。Seek… for…：為尋找……而搜索……
6. C 最終結(jié)果還不錯。Turn out:結(jié)果證明是……；turn up：露面；turn into：變成；turn down：調(diào)小音量；拒絕。
7. C 倘使她發(fā)現(xiàn)你把她的書丟了會怎樣？What if：倘使……會怎樣？
8. A 同孩子們呆在一起的任何人都知道男孩和女孩之間對相似情形反映的不同之處。Same 前面要加the
9. C 不要對你不該知道的事太好奇了。Curious：好奇；conscious：有意識的。
10. C 我會盡快調(diào)查這件事，請耐心點。
二. 完型填空：
1. A A項是：記憶，回憶， B項：思想，想法，C項：知識；D項：經(jīng)驗。
2. A 排除B項，因為 Belleville是地點，如用where，則引導定語從句，修飾Belleville沒有必要。C，D兩項與全句的時態(tài)不符。A項與brought back的時態(tài)呼應，when 表示就在那時。
3. B 因為大家坐在桌旁是等Aunt Pat端上意大利面條。Serve；服務，上菜。
4. D in those days = in the past A，C兩項與原文意思不符。
5. A 本句and之前的一個并列分句是否定句，所以后面也是一個否定分句。排除B，C 答案，neither指“兩個人”，與前面的all of us矛盾。
6. B 由于吃意大利面條是一種外來時尚，所以如何吃得體面，文雅涉及到能力問題，在此說：都不擅長。
7. D 在分享又細又長的意大利面條之前大家很友善地爭論如何吃得文雅順利。
8. D A項：幾乎；B項：自然地；C項：官方地；D項：社交上地，根據(jù)上下文：吃這種面條大家都是第一次，又是在人家做客。當然是社交場合了。
9. C 作者開始從作文交稿日期臨近想到要寫作文，看到題目又想到過去做客時吃意大利面條時的場景。這時，他又突然想寫一些這方面的文字。
10. B 根據(jù)上下文，此處是動詞“寫下，記下”的意思。Settle down：安家；后不接賓語；let it down后面要接動詞，與全句矛盾，應排除。
11. D 此處與“幸運”無關(guān)，作者是學生，與“工作”無關(guān)，作文還未完成，不可能將自己的事，應排除A，B，C三項。for one’s joy 符合作者的心情。
12. C 此處意思是：至于他（布置作文的老師），我將另寫文章交上去。這樣與前面說的“把吃面條的有趣場景寫下來只是處于回想起來覺得有意思�！币恢�。
13. A B項：借口；C項：方法；D項：主意；都和the night was half gone不相干，A項在句中表示：沒有時間在寫老師留的作文了。
14. C A項：放棄；B項：繼續(xù)；D項：推遲；與作者第二天交作文無關(guān)，C項：上交，符合句義。
15. B A項：書寫；B項；批閱，評分；C項：收集過的；D項：簽過字的；老師發(fā)下的自然是打了分的作業(yè)。
16. A 考查上下文的邏輯性；老師朗讀作者的作文，又是在全班面前，當然要read out loud.注意：publicly很有迷惑性,但它不符合英語的語言邏輯.與to the whole class 相重復。
17. C A項的內(nèi)涵太大，與the whole class不相應，B項與后面的內(nèi)容矛盾，D項與后面“我盡量克制自己，不表露出我的喜悅之情”矛盾。C項表示：開始有人發(fā)笑，后來全班開懷大笑。
18. D 老師表揚自己作文寫得好，當然不能當中喜形于色。
19. B for在此有“因為”的意思。
20. D 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯性，開始有人發(fā)笑，接著全班開懷大笑，作者感到了很純潔的幸福，因為其文字有魅力使人們發(fā)笑。
三. 閱讀理解：
1. D 在閱讀全文過程中，根據(jù)作者對往事的回憶，讀者可以感受作者寫這片文章是建立在一種深深的感情是的。
2. A 作者在餐館里付帳時忽然有了新的感受，所以在第三段最后總結(jié)出I didn’t become a young man at a particular age, like 16, but rather when a kid who wandered in the streets called me “mister.” These events in my life are called “milestones”（里程碑）。即自己已經(jīng)長大了，人生發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，自己將要承擔一份人生責任了。
3. D 注意這句話Then one day they were suddenly neither.在第四段前后的語境。作者小時候覺得警察都很高大魁梧，而且年齡比他大�，F(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)長大了，成長得和那些警察，足球運動員一樣，甚至有時比那些運動員年齡還大。
4. D 從最后一段可以得知作者的感受：歲月不饒人。
四. 短文改錯：
This is a story told by my father: “When I was∧boy, 1.a
The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2. 去掉when
Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the world 3.cook
but could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I just 4. and
couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I was 5. √
about∧ take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in 6. to
the kitchen looking at me. Shake her hand, she said, ‘It 7. Shaking
isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologize 8. apologized
and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You 9. myself
know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 10. months
分析：
1. boy是可數(shù)名詞，第一次提到，前面必須加a
2. 本句是說：歡渡春節(jié)。When在此多余.
3. 用詞不當，cooker：炊具。Cook：廚師。
4. 前后兩個分句是并列關(guān)系。
6. be about to do something 是固定句型。
7. Shake her hand在本句中做伴隨狀語。應該用ing形式。
8. 全句都在敘述過去的事，用過去時。
9. 本句是說：控制自己。賓語應改為反身代詞。
10. several后的名詞應是復數(shù)形式。
五. 書面表達：
參考范文：
As students, we have classes from early morning till late afternoon. Therefore, to take a ten-minute break between classes is definitely important, even necessary. Otherwise we may feel both physically and mentally tired.
During the ten-minute break we do something to get rid of tiredness. What we need is to have a real rest, instead of getting more tired. So don’t do anything that will make you too excited.
My ten-minute break is always pleasing. I usually do some simple exercises. Sometimes I have a free chat with my classmates or just take a walk during the break. When the new class begins, I feel fresh again.