Ⅰ.Words and Phrases
store,fall ill,sickness,live(adj.) L.5 Four
skills
defend,set out L.6
raise,pass by,be worth doing L.7
seaman,fever,litre/liter L.5
Three
skills
merchant,exist,major,plain,biscuit,battle,defeat,seize,bake,
skilled L.6
in search of,astonish,astonishing,bear,thinking,celebrate,
sink,nowhere L.7
passage L.8
expedition,Endeavour,at sea L.5
Two
skills
chart,landowner,Quebec,St.Lawrence,warship,take…by surprise,planet, Venus,seamanship,in charge of,onion,take an interest in
L.6
Tahiti,strait,Tasmania,bay,botany,mainland,Great Barrier,disaster,crew,Java,New Zealand,coastline,set sail L.7
Aleutian Islands,Hawaii L.8
Ⅱ.Everyday English
I have decided to take live animals.
I insist on taking proper food for this expedition.
I shall insist that they do…
Have you decided which boat to take?
I suggest taking a lot of vinegar.
Ⅲ.Grammar
Further study the-ing Form used as Object,Subject and Predicative.
Ⅳ.Language Use
Using the learned language,teachers and students complete the tasks of listening,speaking and writing which the textbook and workbook provide.Reading material “Captain Cook” should be further understood.The exercises concerned should be completed and let the students learn about the contributions that Captain Cook made to exploring,sailing,charting and navigation hygience.
Ⅴ.Teaching Time:Five periods
合成法; 派生法; 轉(zhuǎn)化法
建議：圍繞單詞的詞根進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)換。這是擴(kuò)大詞匯量的捷徑。為英語(yǔ)閱讀奠定詞匯基礎(chǔ)。
(1)合成法：由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成為一個(gè)詞。如：
sea+man-seaman(海員) sea+man+ship-seamanship(航海技術(shù))
main+land-mainland(大陸) coast+line-coastline(海岸線)
(2)轉(zhuǎn)化法：一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。如：
cook(n.)廚師-cook(v.)烹調(diào) water(n.)水-water(v.)澆水
merchant(adj.)商人的-merchant(n.)商人 date(n.)日期-date(v.)約會(huì)
(3)派生法：通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴(prefixes)或后綴(suffixes)
skilled(adj.)熟練的［派生］unskilled(adj.)不熟練的［規(guī)則］un-構(gòu)成否定前綴。如：
fair 公平的-unfair 不公平的 believable 可信的-unbelievable 不可信的
lucky 幸運(yùn)的-unlucky 不幸運(yùn)的 certain 確信的-uncertain 不確信的
Background Information
James Cook
James Cook was a great explorer, who was sent by England to explore the Pacific Ocean. Before he started exploring, maps of the Pacific Ocean were almost empty. He visited hundreds of islands across the Pacific Ocean and put them in the correct places on the map.He made maps of the coastlines of Australia and New Zealand.James Cook was born in England in 1728.His parents were poor farm workers.When James was 18,he found a job on a coast ship.He worked on the ship until he was 27 years old,and then he joined the navy.He fought in eastern coast of Canada in a war against France,and he mapped some of the eastern coast of Canada.In 1768 King George Ⅲ made him Captain of a ship and sent him to the Pacific.He was gone for nearly three years.When he returned,he was regarded as a national hero.
He started his third voyage in 1776.On this trip he visited Hawaii.He was the first European to set foot on this beautiful island.Then he mapped the western coast of North America.After that he returned to Hawaii.Unfortunately there was some trouble between the Hawaiians and the white men and they started fighting.In the end Captain Cook was killed in a clash with the locals.
異域風(fēng)情
Columbus's Voyages
Columbus made four voyages to the west between 1492 and 1504 in his vain(徒勞的)search for a sea route to Asia.The mystery of why he failed to find it haunted（縈繞在心頭）him and filled him with sadness.
Wherever he went-to Cuba,Puerto,Rico,Jamaica,South America,Panama,down the coast of Central America-it was always the same story.Instead of golden palaces,there were grass huts and palm-leaf tents.Instead of silk-robed merchant princes,he found “Indians”who did not have so much as a shirt on their backs.
When Columbus explored the West Indies in 1493,he heard tales of a fierce Indian tribe（部落）who really devoured（吞噬）its defeated enemies after a battle.This people was called by many names in the area,including Calina,Canima,Carib,Cariba and Caniba.Columbus recorded the name of the American natives as Canibales in Spanish,a word which came to refer,within a few years,to any eater of human flesh.In the similar fashion,the word Caribbean, a title for the sea as well as for the region,came into English.
At times Columbus became reconciled（意見(jiàn)一致）to the truth that this new land was not China,not Japan,not the Spice Islands.He seemed to accept it as a part of the earth that the geographers to Europe had never heard of before.It was another world-and he called it exactly that-but Columbus also insisted until he died that the land he had reached was an unknown part of Asia.
2.發(fā)散思維法：輻射一詞多義或一詞多用，掌握詞中詞，提高閱讀能力。
建議：先學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)，后結(jié)合例句加以領(lǐng)悟，再回到劃線部分加以應(yīng)用，即運(yùn)用意群記憶法。
astonishing(adj.) 令人驚訝的
astonished(adj.)感到吃驚的
(1) astonish(v.)使驚訝
astonishment(n.)驚訝
如：They found Australia to be an 0 land. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞是一個(gè)令人驚奇的地方。
Did you notice his astonished face at that time? 你當(dāng)時(shí)注意到他驚訝的面孔了嗎？
The bad news astonished all the listeners. 這令人吃驚的消息令所有的人驚訝。
All the listeners are astonished at the bad news.
小結(jié)：astonishing常用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明事; astonished常用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明人
(2)seize the city 占領(lǐng)這個(gè)城市
通過(guò)思維發(fā)散得到：seize
占領(lǐng)、奪取
掌握(意思)
抓住、利用(機(jī)會(huì))
如：When he was about to run across the street,his mother seized him by the arm.
小孩剛要過(guò)馬路，他媽媽抓住了他的胳膊。
I didn't seize the meaning of his remark. 我不太明白他話中的意思。
He should seize the chance to go abroad for further study. 他應(yīng)該抓住出國(guó)深造的機(jī)會(huì)。
切記：seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
你來(lái)試試：
Seized ________________,the thief tried to break away from the policeman.
A.by his arm B.by the arm 答案：B
take the enemy by surprise 突襲敵人
(3) in surprise 吃驚地
to one's surprise 使某人吃驚的是
(sth.)surprise sb.(某事)使某人吃驚
如：He hid himself in surprise. 他驚慌中躲了起來(lái)。
To my surprise,she was the mother of two children. 令我吃驚的是，她是兩個(gè)孩子的媽媽。
The ring of the phone surprised the man sleeping during the working hours.
電話鈴驚醒了那個(gè)在工作時(shí)間睡覺(jué)的人。
切記：to one's+感情名詞=to the+感情名詞+of sb.
如：to the teacher's surprise=to the surprise of the teacher
take an interest in 對(duì)……感興趣，相當(dāng)于have/show interest in
(4) be/become interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
(sth.)interest sb.(某事)使某人感興趣
如：Foreign stamps interest him-He is interested in foreign stamps. 他對(duì)外國(guó)集郵感興趣。
小結(jié)：“take an interest in”中“take”是及物動(dòng)詞，“interest”是名詞，前可被形容詞修飾�！癰ecome/be interested in”
insist on leaving at 7 a.m. sharp 堅(jiān)持在7：00整離開(kāi)
(5) insist+that 從句，意為“堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)該)”，that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣公式
為：should do (should可省略)意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”，that從句用所需時(shí)態(tài)
如：We insisted that he join the navy. 我們堅(jiān)持他參加海軍。
She insisted that what she said was right. 她堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她的話是對(duì)的。
切記：insist on后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)用-ing形式;insist后接賓語(yǔ)從句可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件是從句的動(dòng)作尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］The man insisted that he see the dog yesterday. (see→had seen)
in search of/in one's search for尋找
search sb./sp.搜某人身體/地方
(6) search for 尋找
search(through)sp.+for sth.搜遍……找……
如：He settled in America in search of a better job. 他在美國(guó)安頓下來(lái)為尋找更好的工作。
The police searched the house carefully to find the stolen jewelry.
警察仔細(xì)搜房子，尋找被偷的寶石。
I have been searching for the same kind of shoes as these.
我一直在尋找與這雙鞋同類的鞋子。
He searched through all the drawers for the keys. 他翻遍所有的抽屜找鑰匙。
切記：“search”為“搜”是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟被搜的對(duì)象;“search for”譯為“尋找”。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］They started to search the missing boy immediately. (search后加for)
(7) What shoes do you want me to order?句中的“order”譯為“訂購(gòu)”
order sb.to do 命令某人做……
order that sb.(should)do命令某人做……(賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
place an order for…訂購(gòu)
如：The captain ordered the soldier to dive into the water to save the drowning child.
船長(zhǎng)命令士兵潛入水中救溺水兒童。
Do you wish to place an order for the bicycles at present? 你愿意現(xiàn)在就訂自行車嗎？
切記：“order”后接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，公式為：should do(should可省略)
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］I ordered the work must be finished in a week. (must→should)
(8)join the navy參加海軍
join+組織/團(tuán)體
join in+活動(dòng)/比賽
join…to… 把……連到……上
join up連接起來(lái)
如：My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是畢業(yè)后參軍。
Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 你昨晚為什么不參加座談？
Can you join this wire to that wire? 你能把這條線接到那條線上嗎？
To keep the enemy out his empire,Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up.
為了御敵于國(guó)門(mén)之外，秦始皇把所有的城墻連接起來(lái)。
切記：join in+活動(dòng)
because of lack of fresh meat由于缺鮮肉類
(9) lack用作動(dòng)詞、名詞，缺乏、缺少
詞組be lacking in“缺乏、缺少”
如：He lacks common sense.他缺乏常識(shí)。
He can't go abroad due to (a)lack of money. 由于缺錢(qián)他不能出國(guó)。
He is lacking in teaching experience. 他缺乏教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
3.辨析法：辨別相近易混詞組，學(xué)會(huì)它們的區(qū)別。
建議：先學(xué)習(xí)辨析結(jié)構(gòu)，后結(jié)合例句加以領(lǐng)悟，再回到劃線部分分析利用，破解難點(diǎn)，即運(yùn)用意群記憶法。并運(yùn)用觀察分析法對(duì)比記憶。
如：John defeated/beat me at tennis just now. 在剛才的網(wǎng)球比賽中，約翰打敗了我。
Bill won the first prize for the composition. 比爾獲得作文一等獎(jiǎng)。
Hard work won him the position of manager. 辛勤工作使他獲得經(jīng)理職位。
小結(jié)：defeat/beat+sb.;不可說(shuō)win sb.。
at sea 在航海中，全然不知所措。
(2)
at the sea 在海邊。
如：They spent half the year at sea.他們有半年的時(shí)間在海上渡過(guò)。
A lot of travellers are going on a picnic at the sea. 很多旅行者在海邊野餐。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］He was at the sea when he began his new job.(去掉the)
rise vi.上升、起身、起床、上漲
（3）
raise vt.舉起、抬高、飼養(yǎng)、撫育
如：The wounded man fell and was too weak to rise. 那個(gè)受傷的人跌倒了，無(wú)力爬起來(lái)。
The level of the scientific research has been raised. 我們的科研水平有所提高。
切記：“rise”不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］The river has been risen two feet. (去掉been)
in charge 主管、負(fù)責(zé)，常用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)
(4) in charge of 管理、負(fù)責(zé)
in the charge of 由……主管(負(fù)責(zé))也可用in one's charge
如：The doctor in charge graduated from a famous university. 主管醫(yī)生畢業(yè)于一所名校。
I'll be in charge of the whole factory next month when the manager is away.
下月廠長(zhǎng)外出時(shí)，我將負(fù)責(zé)工廠的工作。
The house has been in my charge for more than a year. 這房子由我照管一年多了。
切記：“in charge of”主語(yǔ)是主管者，“of”后的賓語(yǔ)是被管理者。
“in the charge of”主語(yǔ)是被管理者，“of”后的賓語(yǔ)是管理者。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］The prisoner was in charge of the guard. (in后加the)
4.聯(lián)想歸納法：用已知語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行廣義聯(lián)想、歸納總結(jié)，再回到意群中領(lǐng)悟。
set sail for… 啟航……
set about 著手……
set out 出發(fā)、著手……、陳述、宣布
（2） set off 動(dòng)身、出發(fā)、引爆(炸彈)、燃放(煙火鞭炮)
set off for 動(dòng)身去，相當(dāng)于start for,leave for
set up 樹(shù)立、建立
set the watch 對(duì)鐘表
如：They got ready to set sail for Italy.他們準(zhǔn)備起航到意大利。
The young worker found a lot of shortcomings in himself and he set about getting rid of it.
那位青年工人發(fā)現(xiàn)身上有不少缺點(diǎn)，就著手進(jìn)行改正。
When everything was ready,the doctor set out to perform the operation.
一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，醫(yī)生就開(kāi)始動(dòng)起手術(shù)來(lái)。
A new ship set off from England to America on its first trip.
一艘輪船從英國(guó)出發(fā)到美國(guó)，進(jìn)行它的初航。
After setting off the fireworks in the street,the child set off for home.
放完鞭炮后，孩子們動(dòng)身回家了。
切記：set about后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)，用-doing形式。即set about doing。
set out后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)，用to do形式。即set out to do。
(2)be worth“值得”后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，即be worth doing/be worth sth.。如：
The fur coat is worth the money. 這件皮衣物有所值。
Her suggestion is worth considering. 她的建議值得考慮。
由此聯(lián)想到動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，還有：
want(need,require)+doing=want(need,require)to be done
如：The patient requires taking good care of.
= The patient requires to be taken good care of. 這位病人需要好好照顧。
聯(lián)想worth,得到它的同義詞：
be worthy of being done
worthy值得的 值得做某事
be worthy to be done
be worthwhile to do
worthwhile值得的 值得做某事
be worthwhile doing
［一句多譯］
這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得考慮。
This question is worthy of consideration.
=This question is worthy of being considered.
=This question is worthy to be considered.
=This question is worthwhile to consider.
=This question is worthwhile considering.
=This question is worth considering.
切記：be worth doing是動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，不可換成be worth to be done且注意be worth being done是錯(cuò)誤結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)Why take vinegar?為什么帶醋呢？
why not do?表示建議，即提議某人去做某事。
由此聯(lián)想到
why do?表示疑問(wèn)或持異議。
如：Why stay here since it is too hot at present?
既然現(xiàn)在太熱，為什么還呆在這里呢？(表疑問(wèn))
Why not go to Beijing for your holiday?It's too hot here.
為什么不去北京度假？這兒太熱。(表建議)
切記：why not do?/why do?是動(dòng)詞不帶“to”結(jié)構(gòu)
由此，又聯(lián)想動(dòng)詞不帶“to”結(jié)構(gòu)，如下：
make/let/have+…+do使/讓某人做某事
see/hear/listen to/feel/watch/look at/notice/observe/+…+do
had better do最好做某事
would rather do than do寧愿……而不愿
may/might as well do 不妨……無(wú)妨……(比had better委婉)
如：You may as well know the truth.你知道真實(shí)情形也無(wú)妨。
but,except,besides等前若有實(shí)義do,常省to
如：What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳，你還愛(ài)好什么？
cannot but do/cannot help but do/cannot choose but do只好做某事。
如：It is raining hard.I cannot help but stay at home. 天正下大雨， 我只好呆在家里。
切記：make/let/have及感官動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的不定式前加to。
如：He was made to work from morning till night. 他被迫從早干到晚。
不僅……而且……
(4)as well as
和……一樣好
not only…but also…不僅……而且
由此聯(lián)想
as well也。常用于句末
如：The girl is lively as well as healthy. 這女孩既健康又聰明。
The teacher as well as his students was praised. 學(xué)生和老師們都受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。
Not only I but also he takes(an)interest in English. 我和他都對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。
He is a professor,and a writer as well.他是教授也是作家。
切記：as well as連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞、代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。
not only…but also…連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用就近一致的原則。
聯(lián)想as well as又得到：
和……一樣遠(yuǎn)、遠(yuǎn)到
as far as
到……程度，也可寫(xiě)為so far as
如：My friends walked as far as the foot of the mountain. 我朋友散步遠(yuǎn)到山腳下。
As/So far as I know,he hasn't been to England. 就我所知，他沒(méi)到過(guò)英國(guó)。
和……一樣長(zhǎng)、長(zhǎng)達(dá)
as long as
只要，也可寫(xiě)為so long as
如：You can stay as long as you can. 你愿意留多久就留多久。
As/So long as you need me,I'll be at your service. 只要你需要我，我隨時(shí)為你服務(wù)。
和……一樣好
as good as
和……一樣
如：His composition is as good as hers. 他的作文與她的一樣好。
He is as good as dead. 他幾乎和死了一樣。
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］Air as well as water are used people.(are→is)
GRAMMAR (GERUND) 動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的 –ing 形式, 在句子中起名詞的作用, 例如, walking, playing, running 等等. 動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ), 介詞賓語(yǔ), 和表語(yǔ)等成分.
I. 動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語(yǔ): Subject of a sentence:
Riding a horse is fun.騎馬非常有意思.
Mastering a second language takes time and patience.掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)需要時(shí)間和耐心.
Hearing the other side of the story is necessary.傾聽(tīng)不同意見(jiàn)是很有必要的
Teaching is my full time joy.教書(shū)是我的全日工作.
II. 動(dòng)名詞作部分動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ): Objects of certain verbs:
A. finish, appreciate, avoid, delay, enjoy, consider, miss, mind, keep, discuss, imagine, admit, escape, risk, resist, understand, stand, practise, complete, prevent, suggest, save, spend (time doing)
1. We finished eating at 7:30 last night. 我們昨晚7:30 吃完晚飯.
2. I don’t enjoy being laughed at by other people. 我不喜歡被其他人嘲笑.
3. It kept raining for three days. 雨持續(xù)下了三天.
4. We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king.
我們非常感激能得到面見(jiàn)國(guó)王的機(jī)會(huì).
B. 英語(yǔ)中部分動(dòng)詞可以由動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ), 但意思有所不同.
remember, forget, stop, try, regret, help, need, prefer, mean, be sorry for –ing/be sorry to do
to do停下來(lái)去做別的事
stop
doing停止正在做的事
to do 記住要做
remember
doing記住做過(guò)某事
to do接著做另一件事
go on
doing繼續(xù)做同一件事
to do為將要講的事感到遺憾
regret
doing為已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到遺憾
to do盡力做
try
doing試著
to do打算做某事
mean
doing意味著做某事
Do you mean to go without money?
如：
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
切記：動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;不定式動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
1. a. I remember driving along the river before the accident happened.
我記得事故發(fā)生前，我沿著河畔在開(kāi)車．
b. He never remembers to water the plant. 他總也記不住給植物澆水．
2. a. I’ll never forget seeing the Alps for the first time.
我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記第一次看見(jiàn)阿爾卑斯山的情景．
b. She forgot to buy some milk. 她忘記買(mǎi)牛奶了．
3. a. The girl couldn’t help crying when she heard the sad story.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)凄慘的故事，女孩禁不住大哭起來(lái)．
b. Could you help me (to) paint the house? 你能幫助我粉刷房屋嗎？
4. a. He regretted saying that immediately. 他說(shuō)完立刻就感到后悔了．
b. We regret to tell you that you have not been accepted on the MBA course.
我很遺憾地告訴你，你沒(méi)有被ＭＢＡ課程班錄�。�
a. The classroom needs cleaning. It is too dirty. 教室需要打掃．太臟了．
b. I need to know your opinion. 我需要知道你的看法．
a. Try listening to some classical music --- it’s very relaxing.
試試聽(tīng)點(diǎn)古典音樂(lè)， 很令人放松的．
b. She tried to catch up with her classmates. 她盡全力追趕她班上的同學(xué)們．
a. I won’t take English lessons if it means studying all the time.
如果，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)意味著全部的時(shí)間投入的話，那我就不選這門(mén)課了．
b. I mean to finish reading the book by Christmas. 我打算圣誕節(jié)前看完這本書(shū)．
a. I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起，給您添了這么多的麻煩．
b. I’m sorry to hear that you won’t be able to come.聽(tīng)說(shuō)你不能來(lái)了，我感到很遺憾．
C. like, dislike, love, hate, prefer 在這些詞后面使用動(dòng)名詞表示抽象或
泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式表示比較具體的一次行為．
D. go + shopping / swimming / fishing / hunting / skiing / bowling / dancing /
hiking / mountain-climbing
III. 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ): Object of a preposition
A. 1. I’m used to sleeping with the windows open. 我習(xí)慣開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué).
2. We are interested in learning more about your work.
我們對(duì)你的工作很感興趣, 想多了解點(diǎn)有關(guān)情況.
3. The Americans succeeded in landing on the moon. 美國(guó)人成功的登上了月球.
B. by + doing sth.
1. Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button.
派特按下停止鍵, 關(guān)上了錄音機(jī).
2. We show other people that we are happy by smiling. 我們通過(guò)微笑表示高興．
3. Wang improved his English by watching films.通過(guò)看電影，王提高了他的英語(yǔ)水平．
IV. 與動(dòng)名詞連用的短語(yǔ)Special expressions with –ing form:
have fun doing sth.
have a good time doing sth.
have trouble (in) doing sth.
have difficulty (in) doing sth
have a hard time doing sth.
sit/ stand/ lie + place + doing
He sat at the desk reading.
He lay in bed thinking.
can’t help doing
can’t stand doing
be worth doing
be busy doing
it is no use doing
it is no good doing
feel like doing
be used to doing
look forward to doing
stick to (doing) sth.
object to doing
what about doing…
how about doing …
waste (money, time, etc) doing
(6)動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
①need/want/require/deserve+doing=need/want/require/deserve+to be done
e.g.These flowers need/want/require watering.フ廡┗ㄐ枰澆水。
注意：此三個(gè)詞都表示“需要”接動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意思，其主語(yǔ)往往是無(wú)生命的名詞或者代詞。若主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞或代詞，其后接不定式的被動(dòng)式。
e.g.I don't want to be examined.ノ也恍枰檢查。
②be worth doing
如：The patient needs looking after=The patient needs to be looked after.
The problem is worth discussing.
切記：be worth doing不可轉(zhuǎn)換為be worth to be done.
6.動(dòng)名詞的一些習(xí)慣用法。
（1）It is no good doing sth. 做……沒(méi)好處
e.g.It is no good saying so.フ庋說(shuō)沒(méi)好處。
（2）It is no use doing sth. 做……無(wú)用，無(wú)益
e.g.It is no use arguing with him.ズ退爭(zhēng)吵無(wú)用。
（3）There is no doing sth. 不能做某事，做某事是不可能的
e.g.There is no talking aloud in class.タ紊喜荒艽笊交談。
There is no knowing what will happen in the future.ゲ豢贍苤道將來(lái)發(fā)生什么事。
（4）No doing! 不準(zhǔn)……，這種句型多用于公共場(chǎng)所的招牌上。
e.g.No smoking here!フ舛禁止吸煙。No parking!ソ止停車。
動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)
A. 用正確的介詞和動(dòng)詞形式填空:
1. Allison is not interested _____ ________ (look) for a new job.
2. Henry is excited _____ _______(leave) for China.
3. I have no excuse _____ _______ (be) late.
4. The rain prevented us _____ _______ (complete) the work on time.
5. Instead ____ _____(study), Margaret went to a ball game with her friends.
6. Thank you ____ _____( help) me carry the boxes to my office.
7. I’m looking forward ____ _____(see) my family back home.
8. He showed us how to get to his house ____ _____(draw) a map.
9. The weather is terrible tonight. I won’t blame you ____ ______(not want) to attend the meeting.
10. Who is responsible ____ ______(take ) care of the sick person?
11. The angry look on his face stopped me ____ _____(speak) my mind.
12. Alex caught his mother’s attention ____ ______ (break) the window.
B. 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
13. Even though I asked the people sitting in front of me at the movie _____ (keep) quiet, they kept _____ (talk).
14. He prefers _____(watch) TV at home to _____(go ) to the cinema.
15. Did Carol agree ____ (go) _____ (shop) with you?
16. I can remember _____( feel) so proud and happy when I graduated from the high school.
17. --- Did you remember _____(give) Jack my message?
--- Yes, I did when I met him in the library.
18. I can’t ever forget _____(watch) our team score the winning goal in the last seconds of the game _____ (win) the national championship.
19. She is standing at the stop _____(wait) for the bus.
20. It was a beautiful spring day. Dorothy was lying on the grass _____(enjoy) the sunshine and _____(listen) to the birds ______(sing).
21. _____(walk) alone in that section of the city at night is very dangerous.
22. I hope _____ (see) you off yesterday, but I didn’t have time.
23. It is the greatest happiness on earth ____ ( love ) and _____(love).
24. We all think it most foolish of you _____ (make) the same mistake again.
25. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other
and develop skills in __________ (understand) and _____ (understand).
Key A.
1. in, looking 2. about, leaving 3. for, being 4. from, completing
5. of, studying 6. for, helping 7. to, seeing 8. by, drawing
9. for, not wanting 10. for, taking 11. from, speaking 12. by breaking
B.
13. to keep, talking 14. watching, going 15. to go, shopping
16. feeling 17. to give 18. watching, to win
19. waiting 20. enjoying, listening, singing
21. Walking 22. to have seen 23. to love, to be loved
24. to make 25. understanding, being understood
三、詞語(yǔ)辨析
1.in charge of,in the charge of
(1)in charge of意思是“（主語(yǔ)）負(fù)責(zé)……”或“管理……”，其主語(yǔ)多是表示人的詞語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)意義。
e.g.The nurse is in charge of the patients.
這位護(hù)士負(fù)責(zé)照顧這些病人。
Mr.Wang is in charge of this department.
王先生負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)部門(mén)。
（2）in the charge of意思是“（主語(yǔ)）由……負(fù)責(zé)/管理”或“在……的掌管下”，其主語(yǔ)多是被管理的對(duì)象，表示被動(dòng)意義。相當(dāng)于in sb's charge。
e.g.All these children are in the charge of Miss Wang.
這些孩子們?nèi)怯赏跣〗阖?fù)責(zé)的。
The department is in the charge of Mr.Wang.
這個(gè)部門(mén)由王先生負(fù)責(zé)。
2.set up,set out,set off,set about,set sail
（1）set up 建立“組織、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)”等。
e.g.They set up a committee to investigate the matter.
他們成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)調(diào)查這件事。
（2)set out “出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”相當(dāng)于set off,start out/off，其后常跟介詞for,表示“動(dòng)身去某處”。
e.g.They will set out for Beijing tomorrow.
明天他們要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本?/p>
另外，set out還可表示“開(kāi)始……”或“著手……”，其后接動(dòng)詞不定式，即set out to do sth.。
e.g.He set out to prepare for the final exam as soon as he was back at school.
他一回到學(xué)校就開(kāi)始為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。
（3）set off “出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”，其后常跟介詞for表示“出發(fā)去某處”。
e.g.The next day they set off early.
第二天他們?cè)缭绯霭l(fā)了。
另外set off還可表示“使……爆炸”為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
e.g.Do be careful with those fireworks;the slightest spark could set them off.
要格外小心這些煙火，稍有火星就會(huì)引起爆炸。
（4）set about“開(kāi)始做某事”或“著手干某事”,其后接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。
e.g.He set about writing the report.
他開(kāi)始寫(xiě)報(bào)告。
I advise you to set about your work.
我建議你著手你的工作。
（5）set sail “啟航，揚(yáng)帆”，常跟介詞for表示“啟航到某地”。
e.g.When did she set sail for England?
她何時(shí)啟航到英國(guó)去？
四、能力訓(xùn)練
（一）單句改錯(cuò)
1.The red army took the group of enemy in surprise.
簡(jiǎn)析：in改為by，因in surprise 表示“驚訝地”，by surprise表示“出其不意地”的意思。 2.Remember not standing so close to the fire.
簡(jiǎn)析：standing改為to stand。因“remember to do sth.”意思為“記住去做某事”，“remember doing sth.”意思為“記得做過(guò)某事”。
3.The captain got sick while at the sea.
簡(jiǎn)析：把the去掉。因“at sea”為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“在海上”。
4.In what purpose did they set off for Xi'an in a hurry.
簡(jiǎn)析：把“In”改為“For”或“With”。因“for the purpose”意為“為了……的目的”，“with the purpose”意為“帶著……的目的”。二者區(qū)別不大。
5.Tell me why these eggs go badly.
簡(jiǎn)析：把“badly”改為“bad”。因?yàn)楸揪湟鉃椤案嬖V我為什么這些雞蛋壞了”。表示“變壞”就用“go bad”。
（二）根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子
1.當(dāng)他是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他對(duì)歷史很感興趣。
When he was a boy,he ________ ________ ________ ________in history.
簡(jiǎn)析：took a great interest。因?yàn)椤皌ake a great interest in”意為“對(duì)……很感興趣”。
2.這件事需要考慮再三。
The matter needs________ ________.
簡(jiǎn)析：thinking over。因?yàn)椤皌hink over”為“再三/仔細(xì)考慮”，“need”接v.-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意思。
3.老師提高了嗓門(mén)，以便我們能聽(tīng)清楚些。
The teacher________ ________ ________ so that we could hear him clearly.
簡(jiǎn)析：raised his voice。因?yàn)椤皉aise one's voice”為固定短語(yǔ)，意思為“提高嗓音”。
4.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)作業(yè)是他自己做的。
He insisted that he________ ________ ________ ________.
簡(jiǎn)析：did his homework himself。因?yàn)椤癷nsist”當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”或“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
5.使我們驚訝的是，他們突襲了敵人。
________ ________ ________,they________ the enemy________ ________.
簡(jiǎn)析：To our surprise,attacked,by surprise。因?yàn)椤皌o one's surprise”意思為“使某人吃驚的是”;“by surprise”意思為“出其不意地”。
五、高考真題
1.(1998上海)What worried the child most was________to visit his mother in the hospital.
A.his not allowing
B.his not being allowed
C.his being not allowed
D.having not been allowed
簡(jiǎn)析：選B。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式應(yīng)把否定詞not放在物主代詞之后、動(dòng)名詞之前。child和allow之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以就用其被動(dòng)式。
2.(2000上海)Tony was very unhappy for________to the party.
A.having not been invited
B.not having invited
C.having not invited
D.not having been invited
簡(jiǎn)析：選D。動(dòng)名詞的否定式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。否定式應(yīng)在動(dòng)名詞前加not，而且Tony未被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谙�，不高興在后，所以用完成時(shí)的形式。
3.（2002上海）Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of
C.lacking D.lacked in
簡(jiǎn)析：選C。因?yàn)閺木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和主句中的主語(yǔ)一致，所以從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可省去。從句中省去了they were,即Though (they were)lacking money,…。
4.(NMET 2002)Meeting my uncle after________all these years was an unforgettable moment,I will always treasure.
A.that B.one
C.it D.what
簡(jiǎn)析：選B。“one”在此相當(dāng)于“a moment”，作an unforgettable的同位語(yǔ)；one后又接了一個(gè)省去that的定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這一難忘時(shí)刻。
5.(2003上海春)________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president's attending
簡(jiǎn)析：選D。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。在正式文體中，動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為名詞所有格或者形容詞性物主代詞加上動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。
5.語(yǔ)法天地 動(dòng)名詞專項(xiàng)輔導(dǎo)
(1)動(dòng)名詞的形式
動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化列表說(shuō)明如下：
語(yǔ)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般時(shí) doing being done
完成時(shí) having done having been done
(2)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)
①動(dòng)名詞的一般時(shí)通常表示一般性動(dòng)作。
如：She dreams of becoming a teacher.
②動(dòng)名詞完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
如：I'm sorry for having kept you waiting for such a long time.
分析：having kept發(fā)生在am sorry之前。
說(shuō)明：有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞的一般時(shí)代替完成時(shí)。如：
Excuse me for being late.
On hearing the news,they burst into tears.
Thank you for giving us so much good advice.
③動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)式。如：
You can't enter the office without being asked.
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］Everybody dislikes laughing at.(laughing→being laughed)
(3)動(dòng)名詞的句法功能。請(qǐng)看下表
作用
主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞 V V V V
(4)動(dòng)名詞的句法功能的具體應(yīng)用與不定式的區(qū)別
表示具體或?qū)?lái)某個(gè)動(dòng)作多用不定式。
①主語(yǔ)
表示抽象、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作常用動(dòng)名詞
To scold her would not be just.
如：
Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
切記：“for sb.to do”構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
“of sb.to do”適用于某些反映人的品行、性格的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：
kind,good,nice,rude,impolite,clever,silly,foolish,stupid,careless,wise等。如：
It's not an easy thing for us to master a language.
It is impolite of them to leave at once.
②表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞與不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別類同于它們作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。如：
My job is teaching English.
My job is to teach you how to swim.
說(shuō)明：當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也用不定式;當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也用動(dòng)名詞。如：
To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］Saving time is to lengthen life.(Saving→To save)
③賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)用途較廣，其區(qū)別分下列幾種情況比較。
A.有些動(dòng)詞后既可用動(dòng)名詞又可用不定式。動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性;不定式表示某次具體的活動(dòng)和行為。如like,love,dislike,hate等。如：
I like playing tennis,but I don't like to play it in such hot weather.
B.有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后用動(dòng)名詞。如admit, advise, can't help(禁不住)，
consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise, suggest, understand, give up, feel like, appreciate, be busy等。
切記:feel like+doing;would like+to do
can't help doing(禁不住做)
can't help(to)do(不能幫助做)
consider doing(考慮)
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］I can't help cry when I heard the news.(cry→crying)
C.有些動(dòng)詞后用不定式。如wish, hope, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, agree, choose,determine,care,demand,expect,fail,plan,prepare,refuse,desire等。如：
He offered to help me with my housework.
下列動(dòng)詞后接不定式或-doing形式皆可，但意義大不相同。
to do停下來(lái)去做別的事
stop
doing停止正在做的事
to do 記住要做
remember
doing記住做過(guò)某事
to do接著做另一件事
go on
doing繼續(xù)做同一件事
to do為將要講的事感到遺憾
regret
doing為已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到遺憾
to do盡力做
try
doing試著
to do打算做某事
mean
doing意味著做某事
Do you mean to go without money?
如：
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
切記：動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;不定式動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
④作定語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)或用途。如：
a writing table=a table for writing
不定式作定語(yǔ)一般僅可作后置定語(yǔ)，當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：
You've given me much to think about.
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］Here is a box to put things.(things后加in)
(5)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
物主代詞+doing
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是：
名詞所有格+doing
這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如：
Their coming to help us was a great encouragement to us.(主語(yǔ))
What's troubling them is their not having enough money.(表語(yǔ))
Do you mind my reading your paper?(賓語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明：如果這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不在句子開(kāi)頭可以用：
人稱代詞賓格+doing
名詞普通格+doing
如：The noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard in the street.
你來(lái)試試：
［改錯(cuò)］Tom coming late made the teacher angry.(Tom→Tom's)
(6)動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
①need/want/require/deserve+doing=need/want/require/deserve+to be done
②be worth doing
如：The patient needs looking after=The patient needs to be looked after.
The problem is worth discussing.
切記：be worth doing不可轉(zhuǎn)換為be worth to be done.
4.下列三個(gè)動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)名詞一般形式作賓語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)意義。
need,want,require（需要）
e.g.These flowers need/want/require watering.フ廡┗ㄐ枰澆水。
注意：此三個(gè)詞都表示“需要”接動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意思，其主語(yǔ)往往是無(wú)生命的名詞或者代詞。若主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞或代詞，其后接不定式的被動(dòng)式。
e.g.I don't want to be examined.ノ也恍枰檢查。
5.下列動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可以帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。
advise,allow,permit,forbid
e.g.He doesn't allow smoking here.ニ不允許在這兒抽煙。
He doesn't allow me to smoke here.ニ不允許我在這兒抽煙。
6.動(dòng)名詞的一些習(xí)慣用法。
（1）It is no good doing sth. 做……沒(méi)好處
e.g.It is no good saying so.フ庋說(shuō)沒(méi)好處。
（2）It is no use doing sth. 做……無(wú)用，無(wú)益
e.g.It is no use arguing with him.ズ退爭(zhēng)吵無(wú)用。
（3）There is no doing sth. 不能做某事，做某事是不可能的
e.g.There is no talking aloud in class.タ紊喜荒艽笊交談。
There is no knowing what will happen in the future.ゲ豢贍苤道將來(lái)發(fā)生什么事。
（4）No doing! 不準(zhǔn)……，這種句型多用于公共場(chǎng)所的招牌上。
e.g.No smoking here!フ舛禁止吸煙。
No parking!ソ止停車。
（二）insist的用法
1.用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“堅(jiān)持要求，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”常與介詞on或upon構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
e.g.I insisted on going there with them.ノ壹峋鲆求跟他們?nèi)ツ莾骸?/p>
They insisted on my phoning at once.ニ們建議我馬上打電話。
The teacher should insist on the students writing in the corrections.
老師應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持讓學(xué)生把錯(cuò)字改正后寫(xiě)上去。
They always insist on the boy's honesty.ニ們總是堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這個(gè)男孩是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
We insist upon a definite answer.ノ頤且歡ㄒ得到一個(gè)肯定的答復(fù)。
2.用作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞性從句。
（1）如果表示“堅(jiān)持做某事”時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形）來(lái)表示。
e.g.They insisted that we(should)carry out the plan.ニ們堅(jiān)決要求我們實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
He insisted that the work(should)be started at once.ニ堅(jiān)決主張立刻開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作。
（2）如果表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為……”或“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)……”，即堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述形式，時(shí)態(tài)與主句形式一致。
e.g.He insisted that what he said was right.ニ堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他講的是正確的。
He insisted that he hadn't stolen the bike.ニ堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷自行車。