Teaching goals : 1.talk about life in the future
2. practise making predictions
3. learn about Noun clauses (2)
4.write a definition paragraph
Period 1
Step 1 warming up
Task 1 (optional) (class work) Present Ss some pictures about the changes in the past few years.(transportation. Communication, food ect) Ask Ss to tell the differences.
① What changes have taken place in these pictures?
② How did the changes come about?
③ What is your opinion towards such changes in our life?
Task 2 ( group work) Look at the pictures on Page 41
① What can you see in the pictures?
Picture 1: A car with flowing lines but without wheels. It looks different from the car used today. It must be faster and cleaner without using petrol.
Picture 2: A city with low modern buildings with flowing lines. There are many trees and the sky is clear with stars shining.
Picture 3: An ET and a spaceship/ spacecraft.
Picture 4: Very old but healthy people. Two bottles of pills of nutrients.
② What kind of life are these pictures about?
Task 3 ( group work ) Work in groups and discuss the future of one of the following areas. Use the questions( Page 41) given to get started. The form below may be helpful.
At present In the future
Communication By e-mail/ letter/ telephone/ telegram/ using the Internet/ face-to-face communication Easier/ cheaper/ faster
By e-mail/ letter/ telephone/ telegram/ using the Internet/ face-to-face communication
Work Stay in one job, in the workplace, eg. offices, factories, ect. , busy Easier, change jibs, work at home, more free time, need little manual/ physical labor
Business and money Cash (coins, bills), credit cards, computers No cash, credit cards, computers
The human body Sometimes get sick Healthier, not easily get ill, bigger & healthier bodies, bigger brains
Language English, Chinese, ect.
different languages Global/ universal language
Houses and buildings Without good environment Greener, practical & beautiful
Transportation Pollution, traffic jams, unsafe Safer, faster, cleaner, visit other planets
Education Boring, tiring, uninteresting, hard, go to school Stay at home, fun & easy, Teachers help students learn what they want to learn
Step2: Language points (for Warming up, Listening & Speaking)
Use the questions below to get started.
1. get done
(1) = do get started = start
(2) = be done Be careful with the hot soup, or you will get burnt. = …, or you will be burnt.
Two hundred people were killed in the accident and more got injured. = … more were injured.
2. do business 做生意
(It’s none of your business. = It has nothing to do with you.
Mind your own business. Business is business get down to business)
Twice as good or double trouble?
3. (1) twice as… as…
(2) twice more/ -er than…
(3) twice the size/ age/ length/ width/ height/ depth/… of …
Period 2 Reading
Step 1: Lead in ( powerpoint )
1. T: Many people have a curiosity to know about what life will be like in the near future or the faraway future. Class, do you have such a curiosity? As we know, nobody can know exactly what future is like, so what we can do is make predictions. Let’s see the science fiction’s king Arthur C. Clarke’s future predictions.
.
Arthur C. Clarke's predictions for the next century:
2003 The automobile industry is given five years to replace fossil fuels.
2004 First publicly admitted human clone.
2009 All nuclear weapons are destroyed.
2010 A new form of space-based energy is adopted.
2011 Space flights become available for the public.
2013 Prince Harry flies in space. Compl
2016 All existing currencies are abolished. A universal currency is adopted based on the "megawatt hour."
2020 Artificial Intelligence reaches human levels.
2021 The first human landing on Mars is achieved. There is an unpleasant surprise.
2040 The concept of human "work" is phased out
2095 A true "space drive" is developed. The first humans are sent out to nearby star systems already visited by robots.
2. Pre-reading
Ask the students to report their predictions about the following aspects: shopping, traveling, and shools.
Step 2: 1st reading:
page 43, scan the text to find out in which paragraph you can find the answers to the questions.
Step 3: 2nd reading:
Read the text quickly and find the topic sentence of each paragraph and the answers to the comprehension questions in <名校學(xué)案>
Paragraph 1: Transportation is becoming cleaner, faster, and safer.
Paragraph 2: Business won’t be as usual in the future.
Paragraph 3: People will enjoy a longer, healthier and more active life.
Paragraph4: The schools of the future will be different and the way we view knowledge is changing.
Step 4: 3rd reading: (Detail study) : Read the text carefully and finish the following task
Items Changes Facts
Transportation
1. cleaner
2. faster
3. safer. 1.New technology is being used to make sure that the cars, taxis ,buses and trains do not pollute the air.
2.Scientists are developing new fuels and engines.
Business
1. e-commerce
2. entertainment
3. malls
4. smart cards 1. E-commerce becomes more popular.
2. Shopping is also a form of entertainment.
3. Smart cards rather than cash will be used to pay.
Health and medicine Life will be
1. longer
2. healthier
3. more active 1. have a healthy diet and an active life, even in old age.
2. deal with disease well.
3. New discoveries are made in genetics and biochemistry.
Education
1. e-school
2. lifelong learners 1. study at home on TV or on a computer
screen.
2.There will be more schools on the air or e-schools
Step 5: Language points
What will the future be like in general?
1. in general大體上；一般而言；總的說(shuō)來(lái)= generally speaking = generally
general idea = main idea
The weather in this area is warm in general.
Generally, Mr. King stays at home on Saturday evening.
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
2. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.未來(lái)生活是什么樣子很難預(yù)測(cè)
=It is difficult to predict what life will be like in the future.
1) 主語(yǔ)從句，采用陳述句的句式，疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
When he will come is uncertain.
What he said made his mother angry.
2). predict v. say in advance 預(yù)言, 預(yù)測(cè)
predict future events
The weather experts ~ed a fine weekend.
He ~ed that our team will win.
prediction n. make predictions (about…)= predict
3.forecast n./ vt. Say in advance what is likely to happen (foretell/ predict)
預(yù)報(bào), 預(yù)見 ~ / ~ed – ~ / ~ed
The weather station ~s/ predicts strong wind for tomorrow.
Mr Brown forecast that his students would all pass the exam.
make forecasts (about…) 對(duì)…進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)
weather forecast(s)天氣預(yù)報(bào)
business forecast 企業(yè)預(yù)測(cè) sales forecast 銷售預(yù)測(cè)
( c.f. predict: 借助知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、原因去預(yù)言/側(cè)
forecast: 借助某種知識(shí)預(yù)報(bào)、預(yù)測(cè) )
（構(gòu)詞： fore- 前面，預(yù)先 forefather, forehead, forefinger, foretell/foresee, foresight ）
4. One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.
glimpse v. / n. 瞥見, 一瞥
have/ catch/get a glimpse of …= catch a brief sight of…瞥…一眼/瞥見
I only caught a glimpse of the thief, so I can’t really describe him.
我只瞥見那竊賊一眼，所以說(shuō)不出他的面貌。
( c.f. glimpse：短暫地看一眼
glance： 匆匆地瞥一眼 take /get a glance of , at a glance 咋一看 )
5.trend vi./ n. 傾向, 趨勢(shì)
major ~s current ~s ~s of fashion
The road ~s to the south. His opinion ~s towards conservatism.
6.contemporary adj. present , current , belonging to the same period
in contemporary society 在當(dāng)今社會(huì)
~ society / literature / events / styles
Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray.
7. Current trends indicate that transportation is becoming cleaner, faster and safer.
indicate v. show , state briefly 表明、顯示、象征、指示、
The arrow indicates the way to go.
The dog indicates his feelings by barking or wagging his tail.
他示意我可以走了。__________________________________________________
indication n. 指示，跡象 =_________
There are indications that the weather is changing.
8．To ensure safety, the train is controlled by an advanced computer system.
ensure sth = make sure of sth 確保；保證 ensure safety確保安全
ensure sb sth 保證某人的某事 A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery.
ensure that-clause 保證…
I can’t ensure his being there on time.= I can’t ensure that he will be there on time.
ensure sb/sth against/ from sth 使…在當(dāng)中安全
These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.
這些安全設(shè)施是為了保護(hù)工人不出事。
(構(gòu)詞：en + adj.= v. enable , enlarge )
9. as usual He got up as early as usuall. He went to school at 7 o’clock as usual.
than usual/ before
10. reform vt./n. 改革 改造
reform the world/ oneself, reform the teaching method
political reform, social reform
the Reform and Opening to the outside
11. The Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch.
學(xué)案－P37
那些聽霍金的講座的人有時(shí)覺得他的講座很難理解。
_____________________________________________________________________.
學(xué)案－P38
keep/ be in touch with… 與…保持/有聯(lián)系
get in touch with和…取得聯(lián)系
bring ..in /into touch with…使…與…接觸；使…認(rèn)識(shí)…
lose touch with 與…失去聯(lián)系
be out of touch with…與…沒(méi)有聯(lián)系
12. necessity n.
1). [U] 必要，必需 必需品
Necessity is the mother of invention.
She felt the necessity of making a serious effort in life.
be of necessity = be necessary Your timely help is really of great necessity.
There is no ~ to do sth. = It is not necessary to do sth.
有必要再開一次會(huì)嗎？ _____________________________________________
2) [c] 必須品
the necessities of life
Television has become a necessity in people’s life.許多人認(rèn)為電視是一件必需品。
( necessary adj. )
13. Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothes, people want to go to a pleasant mall and combine shopping with fun.
1). search for …= look for… carefully尋找…
The police are searching for the lost famous painting.
The Loisels searched everywhere for the lost diamond necklace.
c.f. search sb./ sth./ …搜某人的身/搜查某處
Nobody has the right to search others.
They searched every corner of the village, but didn’t find what they wanted.
search (sb./ spl) for …(搜某人的身/搜查某處以)尋找…
The enemy searched every house for the wounded PLA man.
2) goods n. 貨物/商品 (謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))
14. People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age.
1.) enjoy a longer and healthier life更健康更長(zhǎng)壽
★ 2). remain 學(xué)案－P38
a. 保持，仍然
系動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)保持原來(lái)的狀態(tài)，后接形容詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等 作表語(yǔ)。
The temperature remains/ stays high.
His French remained very weak, because he was not good at learning languages.
The situation remained unchanged.
They have become businessmen, but I remain a teacher.
The patient remained in danger.
b. 剩余，留下
remain/ stay
1) 兩個(gè)詞作“留下”、“繼續(xù)保持某一狀態(tài)”解時(shí)可以互換。
The shop stays /remains open till night.
2) 當(dāng)表示“剩下”，“還有”時(shí)，通常用remain.
Nothing remained after the fire.
A few flowers still remained on the tree.
3) 當(dāng)表示在某處住下時(shí)，常用stay.
He wants to stay with a friend in the country.
１5. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.
regular adj. 規(guī)則的，定期的
regular teeth, regular meeting , a regular customer,
drive at a regular speed, take regular exercise
regularly adv. 定期的，習(xí)慣性的
He came here regularly on Friday.
16. Advances in medical science also allow us to deal with new diseases, such as SARS.
學(xué)案－P38
★deal with (dealt, dealt)對(duì)付（人、事情），處理；論及……, 與…做生意/交易
He knows well how to deal with children.他很了解如何和小孩相處。= get along with
I think this problem should be dealt with quickly.我想這個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)及早處理。= do with
Deal with a man as he deals with you.
This book deals with the ancient history of china.這本書討論中國(guó)歷史。= talk about
We have dealt with the firm for many years.
１7. With a better understanding of the human body, scientists and physicians will be able to cure more diseases. Perhaps more importantly, new discoveries in genetics and biochemistry may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made.
學(xué)案－P38
cure v./ n. 治愈/糾正 cure sb. of a cold/ disease/ cancer/ a bad habit …
Parents should try to ~ children of bad habits.
This medicine is sure to ~ you of your cold.
~ a disease/ the wound/ sb.…
a ~ for sth. At present, there is no ~ for cancer yet.
c.f. treat: 治療
18. more importantly更重要的是(副詞/短語(yǔ)常放在句首作評(píng)述性狀語(yǔ))
generally/ personally/ fortunately/ luckily/ happily/ surprisingly/ strangely/ clearly/ obviously/ honestly…
19. but schools of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today.
福州跟十年前的樣子已大不相同。
__________________________________________________________________
20. distance n.
distance education in the distance the distance between … and …
distant adj. 遠(yuǎn)處的
21. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
“1).be prepared for …為…做好準(zhǔn)備 be well-prepared for the challenge
well-educated well-known well-dressed well-fed well-paid well-done well-designed well-behaved well-born well-balanced be well worth doing
2). in store貯存著，準(zhǔn)備著；在等待；即將降臨到……身上
hold/ keep/ have sth. in store儲(chǔ)備/貯存著
The squirrel has plenty of nuts in store for the winter.
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end.
There was another accident in store for him that day.那天還有另外一個(gè)災(zāi)難在等待他。
Who knows what the future will have in store for us? 誰(shuí)知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？
There is a surprise in store for you.
Step 1: Word study:
1. The company promises that consumers who have been cheated by it can get double thei money back.
cheat
(1) vt. 欺騙 cheat sb. of sth.
The young man ~ed the old woman of much money.
(2) vi. 作弊~ cheat in the exam
The boy was caught ~ing in the exam.
(3) n. 騙子Don’ believe him. He is a ~.
get … back get double their money back雙倍退還錢
2. You are required to pay for your own purchases before you leave the supermarket.
require vt. 要求 .
a) ~ sb. to do sth.
The boss ~s us to finish the job before the end of this month.
= The boss ~s the job (to be) finished before the end of this month.
我們被要求7點(diǎn)到校。__________________________________________________.
b) ~ that sb. (should) do sth.
The challenging task ~s that he (should) have patience, courage and intelligence.
It is required that sb should do sth.
c) require doing = ~ to be done = need/want doing= need/ want to be done
The old house is too worn out. It really ~s/ needs/ wants pulling down
3. purchase n. / vt.
[u] buying 購(gòu)買 purchase tax 購(gòu)物稅
[c] sth bought 購(gòu)買之物
He filled the cart with purchases.
vt. buy 購(gòu)買
4. wear a watch on the wrist
seize me ______ the wrist
Step 2: Grammar:
I. Grammar: Noun clauses: Subject, Object, Predicative, Appositive
一、主語(yǔ)從句:
1. 位于句首 Where the meeting will be held is not known yet.
2. 常用形式主語(yǔ)it放在句首, 而將主語(yǔ)從句放在句末
常見的句型有:
(1) It is + n./ adj./ v-ed +主語(yǔ)從句
n. 常見的有：duty/ pity…
adj. 常見的有：important/ necessary/ clear/ obvious/ strange/ fortunate/ true/ certain…
v-ed常見的有：said/ reported/ known/ believed/ decided/ hoped…
It is a pity that you missed the chance.
It is obvious that he is telling a lie.
It is said that the book has been translated into many foreign languages.
It hasn’t been decided yet when and where the new library will be built.
3. 主句謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù): That the earth is round has already been proved.
但what引導(dǎo)的要視具體情況：主句謂語(yǔ)為“系動(dòng)詞+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)由作表語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)決定。
What I need is more money. What I need are more books..
_____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
二、賓語(yǔ)從句:
1. 位于及物動(dòng)詞/介詞/某些形容詞(be happy/ sorry/ glad/ surprised/sure/ certain/ …)后
Please tell me when you will return from Japan.
Would you please give me some advice on how I can learn English well?
I’m glad that you like my present.
2. think/ consider/ find/ feel/ believe后常跟形式賓語(yǔ)it+賓補(bǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句
I think it possible that he will be absent from the meeting today.
I feel it my duty that I (should) help you with your English.
三、表語(yǔ)從句:
1. 跟在系動(dòng)詞后, 常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be/ look/ sound/ taste/ smell/ feel
My duty is that I should remind the manage to attend some meetings.
2. 表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞還有: as if, as though
Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
四、同位語(yǔ)從句:
1. 位于抽象名詞后, 用以說(shuō)明抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容.常見的抽象名稱詞有: news/ advice/ suggestion/ proposal/ order/ request/ requirement/ recommendation/fact/ decision/ conclusion/
idea/ …
2. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
(1) that引導(dǎo)的從句:
that在從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 為定語(yǔ)從句:
that在從句中不作任何成分, 為同位語(yǔ)從句:
The news that he told me was exciting.
The news that our team won the game was exciting.
(2) when/ where/ why引導(dǎo)的從句
從句前的名詞是表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因的名詞時(shí), 為定語(yǔ)從句
從句前的名詞是抽象名詞時(shí), 為同位語(yǔ)從句
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea of the place where he has gone.
五、名詞性從句的共同點(diǎn)：
1. 語(yǔ)序：陳述句的語(yǔ)序
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
Could you tell me where he lives?
My worry is whether they will arrive on time.
He asked me _____ for the violin.
A. how much did I pay B. how much I paid
Could you tell me _____.
A. what is your name B. what your name is
Could you tell me _____.
A. what is the matter B. what the matter is
2. 引導(dǎo)詞:
(1) 疑問(wèn)代詞who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which （在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)）
疑問(wèn)副詞 where/ when/ why/ how many/ how much/ how often/ how soon/ how long/ how old… （ 在從句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ) ）
(2) that （在名詞從句中不充當(dāng)成分）
that的省略：
A. that在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略
B. 句子中若有兩個(gè)（以上）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)that可以省略，其余的不可
C. 含形式賓語(yǔ)的，that不能省略
D. 在其他名詞性從句中that不能省略
_____ makes educators worried is _____ more and more teenagers are addicted to computer games.
A. What, what B. That, what C.What, how D. What, that
(3) 是否：whether ,
if (只能用于賓語(yǔ)從句中, 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用 if, 有or/ or not時(shí)也不能用)
(4) 疑問(wèn)詞+ever
Give the ticket to whoever wants to see the film.
= Give the ticket to anyone who wants to see the film.
Give the ticket to whomever you like.
= Give the tickets to anyone whom you like.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
____ commit the crime was not report on the newspaper.
____ commit a crime will be punished.
A. who B. whom C. whoevr D. whomever
(學(xué)案 P 39 who 誰(shuí)、whom 不管是誰(shuí)， who 表示疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣，而whoever 表示陳述語(yǔ)氣，whoever= anyone who )
3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
(1) 凡是表示 “堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句謂語(yǔ)要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”（其中should表示“應(yīng)該/必須”，可以省略），常見的詞有：堅(jiān)持（insist）、命令（order/ command）、建議（advise – advice / suggest – suggestion / propose – proposal / recommend – recommendation ）、要求（require – requirement / request/ demand）
The Emperor ordered that the invisible cloth (should) be woven at once.
但是：insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為某一事實(shí)時(shí)”、suggest表示“暗示/表明”時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的從句不要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
The smile on her face suggested that she had passed the driving test.
The young man insisted that he hadn’t stolen anything and (should) not be sent to the police.
(2) It is necessary/ important/ strange that sb. (should) do sth.
It is important that he (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
It is strange that he (should竟然) be here now. I thought he had already gone to Shanghai.
4. 四種從句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化
The doctor advised that she (should) take more exercise to lose weight. 賓語(yǔ)從句
= It was advised (by the doctor) that she (should) take more exercise to lose weight.主語(yǔ)從句
= The doctor gave her the advice that she (should) take ... 同位語(yǔ)從句
= The doctor’s advice was that she (should) take …表語(yǔ)從句
5. 部分名詞從句和定語(yǔ)從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)化
What we can’t get seem better than what we have.
=All that / The things that we can’t get seem better than all that/ the things that we have.
Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
= Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s the quality that/ which it takes to do anything well.
I want to know when he will start.
= I want to know the time when he will start.
I remember _____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. the time C. where D. what
I will do whatever I can to help you.
= I will do anything that I can to help you .
They sat down to enjoy the dinner which they thought the most delicious dinner.
= They sat down to enjoy _____ they thought the most delicious dinner.
He gave me all that he had with him.
= He gave me _____ he had with him.
II. Check the Ex. At Page 46
III. Language points:
5.His memory brought him back to the spring of 1998 when he met her for the first time.
bring sb. back to sth. = bring sth. back to sb. = make sb. think of sh.
Who will be the first one to live on Mars?
6.the first one to live on Mars
Step 3: Integrating skills:
I. Read the text then find out the answers to the questions.
1. What can an e-friend do for Mekanika?
What does it look like? What can it be used for?
2. Why is it sometimes difficult for Mekanika to know what is real and what is an image?
II. Comprehension questions:
III. Language points:
1.For example, we now have e-friends to help us and keep us company.
company n. being together with another or others 陪伴， 伴隨
There is good company among them. ( P 39 )
I shall be glad of your company on the journey.
keep sb. company 和…做伴
He stayed at home to keep his wife company.
You may know a man by the company he keeps.
2.You used computer programmes to imitate the real world and called it virtual reality“.
1) computer programmes 電腦程序, TV programmes
a longterm program
2) imitate vt. copy the behavior of… 模仿
Children likes to imitate what adults do.
3) Virtual adj. being in fact 事實(shí)上的，實(shí)質(zhì)上的
the virtual head of the company, a virtual defeat
3.We can see more than just a picture; we see a lifelike model of the person.
a lifelike model of …活生生的/逼真的…的模型
a lifelike picture
4. but I have to send my e-friend to clean up my room. Maybe some day I will be able to travel back in time and visit you.
1). clean up打掃干凈 clear up收拾, 放晴
2) in time (1) in the end , sooner or later 最終，遲早
(2) 及時(shí)