主講：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 1 （上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．掌握和校園生活有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學(xué)會(huì)描述校園生活和學(xué)校設(shè)施。
High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、學(xué)習(xí)和辛勤勞動(dòng)的時(shí)期
Huge campus and low-rise building 學(xué)校面積大，沒(méi)有高層建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室可供不同試驗(yàn)使用。
Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每個(gè)房間都有自己的衛(wèi)生間和英特網(wǎng)接口。
3．學(xué)習(xí)閱讀技巧：skimming&scanning。
4．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（一）
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相處不拘束 school hours學(xué)校作息時(shí)間 earn respect from 贏得…的尊敬 sound like聽(tīng)起來(lái)象 for free 免費(fèi) get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 關(guān)鍵詞 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 認(rèn)識(shí)路 develop an interest in 培養(yǎng)對(duì)….的興趣 surf the Internet網(wǎng)上沖浪
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. What is your dream school life like?
你理想中的學(xué)校生活是什么樣子?
這里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (夢(mèng)之隊(duì))。
2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
去一所英國(guó)中學(xué)讀書(shū)一年對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次令人愉快和興奮的經(jīng)歷。
Going 在本句里作動(dòng)名詞，它和后面的to a British high school for one year構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的主語(yǔ)。Go to a British high school本來(lái)是個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具備名詞的特性可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，但所表達(dá)的意思不同, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 過(guò)去分詞則有被動(dòng)或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.
3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.
我對(duì)英國(guó)學(xué)校的作息時(shí)間很滿意因?yàn)閷W(xué)校大約上午9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始上課，下午3點(diǎn)半左右放學(xué)。
Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。
4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.
這意味著我可以晚一小時(shí)起床，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)學(xué)校8點(diǎn)鐘上課。
as adv.同樣地, 被看作, 象
prep.當(dāng)做
conj.與...一樣, 當(dāng)...之時(shí), 象, 因?yàn)?/p>
本單元多次出現(xiàn)as, 用法各不相同,應(yīng)注意比較。另外as 還可以構(gòu)成一些常用詞組：as if就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。
mean: 意味著, 后面通常加名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.
The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.
5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.
他還告訴我們贏得學(xué)校尊敬的最好方法是努力學(xué)習(xí)并取得好成績(jī)。
The best way to do sth is to…..結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表達(dá)做某事的最好方法是….., 例如:
The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.
6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒的家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)有我原來(lái)學(xué)校的多，但一開(kāi)始對(duì)我有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樗凶鳂I(yè)都是英語(yǔ)的。
As…..as, 中間加形容詞或副詞,一般要連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分, 請(qǐng)比較下面兩句話:
You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).
You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).
Used to 過(guò)去常常, 隱含的意思是現(xiàn)在的情況已經(jīng)不同。例如:
She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).
Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to
注意：be used to sth/doing 表示習(xí)慣于….
7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.
當(dāng)我學(xué)著怎樣買(mǎi)菜、洗菜、燒飯時(shí)，烹飪真的是一件有趣的事。
fun是名詞,有趣的事情, 副詞really并非修飾它,而是修飾前面的be動(dòng)詞was
試比較: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.這兩句意思雖然相同, 但really修飾的對(duì)象不同,因此說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同。
8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.
就像你在文章中提到的那樣，我的確喜歡在飯后吃甜食。
Do、did在陳述句中，用在動(dòng)詞前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可譯作的確、確實(shí)。
9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
完成學(xué)業(yè)之后，他開(kāi)始在中國(guó)旅行。
介詞upon/ on加doing相當(dāng)于帶as soon as 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study
10. Former student return from China
一位校友重中國(guó)歸來(lái)
former, past, old 雖然都和過(guò)去有關(guān)，但 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。 former：“過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是...的、 前任….”, past: “過(guò)去的” old“老的、從前的”。例如: former president前總統(tǒng)，past experience以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，my old school我的母校。
11. earn, achieve和gain
這三個(gè)單詞的基本意思都是“get”但含義不盡相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（掙，得到…作為工作的回報(bào)）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通過(guò)努力達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它對(duì)得到的方法和內(nèi)容都沒(méi)有具體要求。常見(jiàn)搭配:
earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上風(fēng))/ ground(取得進(jìn)步).
【語(yǔ)法】
定語(yǔ)從句(1)
用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用和作定語(yǔ)的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時(shí)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定語(yǔ)從句通常由關(guān)系代詞that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或關(guān)系副詞when/ where/ why引導(dǎo)，這些詞既指代主句中要說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞, 又充當(dāng)從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。請(qǐng)看例句：
1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行詞person,在從句中作主 語(yǔ))
2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在從句中作賓 語(yǔ), 所以常用代詞who的賓格形式).
3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (關(guān)系代詞that指代weak nation，在從句中作表語(yǔ))
4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (關(guān)系代詞whose指代the school’s ，從句中作floor space的定語(yǔ))
5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (關(guān)系副詞where指代主句中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)gym 在從句中作狀語(yǔ))
【閱讀技巧】
Skimming & Scanning
Skimming略讀，skim原意是輕輕掠過(guò)表面，作為閱讀技巧是指通過(guò)瀏覽文章標(biāo)題，主題句，插圖和圖表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是掃描，這里指用眼光快速掃視書(shū)報(bào)等材料尋找我們想要的信息。他們的區(qū)別在于Skimming是為了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是為了尋找某些具體信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速閱讀的重要策略，也是信息時(shí)代我們必備的技能。尤其是在閱讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)，注重練習(xí)Skimming & Scanning可以幫助克服逐字逐句的閱讀習(xí)慣（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高閱讀速度。
【補(bǔ)充閱讀】
閱讀這篇文章,根據(jù)中文提示和上下文寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞:
My School Day
I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(趕) a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The _______(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way.
When I arrive at school, I______(領(lǐng)取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week.
At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other days. Each period lasts an hour.
All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags.
Swipe Cards
Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _____(參加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies.
On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings.
We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money.
Subjects
Maths, English Science ICT
Drama Music Art PE
Humanities (History, Geography, and Religion) French or Spanish
Time Table
9:00 1st Period
10:00 2nd Period
11:00 - 11:20 Break
During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun.
11:20 3rd Period
12:30 4th Period
1:30 - 2:10 Lunch
I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂).
2:10 5th Period
3:10 End of School
Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.
Canteen
The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_______(買(mǎi)的到) on Mondays and Fridays.
【同步練習(xí)】
一、 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：
1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student.
2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee.
3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.
4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.
5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour.
6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices.
7. The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .
8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago.
二、將下列每組句子合成一個(gè)帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句：
1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years.
2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.
3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.
4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international students there.
5. Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.
參考答案
一、
1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as
二、
1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th.
2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.
3. On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects.
4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union where she can meet many internatioal students.
5. Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be.
閱讀填空：
catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第二講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審 孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 1 （下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．掌握和學(xué)�；顒�(dòng)有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)通知和海報(bào)。
3．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（二）
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、重要單詞：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
refer to 指 , function as當(dāng)作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關(guān) , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé), consist of包含,由…構(gòu)成, come up with想出, base on根據(jù), have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必須在一個(gè)有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。
I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學(xué)習(xí)。
第一句里定語(yǔ)從句 that has desks and chairs的關(guān)系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語(yǔ)；第二句里定語(yǔ)從句where desks and chairs are too small的關(guān)系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。試比較：
1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.
2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個(gè)地方是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹(shù)的是beach，它是從句的主語(yǔ)，所有以用關(guān)系代詞that來(lái)指代。
2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也許會(huì)只顧看你爸爸書(shū)櫥里的書(shū)，而不是去做作業(yè)。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她將會(huì)忙著看報(bào)紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。
“might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be+doing” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情的預(yù)言、推測(cè)或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時(shí)，我早就會(huì)躺在床上看我喜愛(ài)的足球比賽了。
“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達(dá)完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達(dá)做了和沒(méi)做的事情。例如：
1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.
→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.
2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
規(guī)劃是指要進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或要完成任務(wù)的計(jì)劃。
劃線部分是不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)，表示要做的事情。
4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相當(dāng)于：If you have more choice (條件狀語(yǔ)從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)), you will make better decision（主句用將來(lái)時(shí)）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好�！癟he+比較級(jí)（adj/adv）或含比較級(jí)的詞組，the+另一個(gè)比較級(jí)（adj/adv）或含比較級(jí)的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。
5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.
你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問(wèn)你們學(xué)校圖書(shū)館里的一本歷史書(shū)。
劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)e-mail 的內(nèi)容。
6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書(shū)編號(hào)
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期刊編號(hào)
7．make常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯(cuò)誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢(qián) , make a request提要求, make an application申請(qǐng)。
【寫(xiě)作】通知和海報(bào)
通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、組織對(duì)成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開(kāi)會(huì)議等所使用的應(yīng)用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關(guān)人員，如學(xué)生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡(jiǎn)意賅、措辭得當(dāng)、時(shí)間及時(shí)。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類(lèi)通知上方正中寫(xiě)Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫(xiě)在左下角處。例如
NOTICE
All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band.
Sept.14, 2005
海報(bào)的形式和媒體沒(méi)有特殊要求，它要先用簡(jiǎn)明、生動(dòng)的圖文吸引過(guò)往人群的注意力，再以簡(jiǎn)潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡(jiǎn)單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個(gè)網(wǎng)上海報(bào)，供大家參考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule.
It should give us a good Stay Alert message.
If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.
Mail you poster to:
Stay Alert ... Stay Safe
P.O. Box 93006,
499 Main St. S.
Brampton, Ontario
L6Y 1N0
【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句(2)
1．定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞that、which 用來(lái)指代物，who 、whom和that 用來(lái)指代人，whose用來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞when、where和 why指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.
(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.
(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如：
She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.
(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。
(6) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.
As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
一. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
（１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
（２）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
二．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1．關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。例如：
We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.
2. that有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因
That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因，這種定語(yǔ)從句中的that也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步練習(xí)】
一、 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who B. that C. what D. whcih
參考答案
一、1-5 DBCCB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 ADACA 16-18 BAB
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第3講）
主講：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 2 （上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)習(xí)談?wù)撉嗌倌杲?jīng)常遇到的問(wèn)題 。
2．學(xué)會(huì)戲劇腳本。
3．了解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)的差別。
4．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（三）
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
common to對(duì)…來(lái)說(shuō)很普遍, turn up調(diào)高聲音, 出現(xiàn) a waste of 浪費(fèi), no more不再, spare time空余時(shí)間, force….to…強(qiáng)迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本應(yīng)該， do with 處置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess亂成一團(tuán), leave sb in charge 委托 …..負(fù)責(zé), act like行為舉止象 …, go unpunished不受懲罰, go out熄滅, have one’s arm crossed雙臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on對(duì)某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何時(shí)候都, be angry at對(duì)某事生氣, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一樣對(duì)待 , argue about為 …而爭(zhēng)吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在許多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟著球跑進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著一條大狗，狗走得很慢。
這句話里有兩個(gè)不同層面上的狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“followed by a big dog” 是謂語(yǔ)“runs in”的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟隨埃里克進(jìn)來(lái)的行走方式，是動(dòng)詞“follow”的狀語(yǔ)。
伴隨狀語(yǔ)通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)承當(dāng)。當(dāng)伴隨動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)伴隨動(dòng)作由其他人或物發(fā)出時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2. You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你們應(yīng)該明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本應(yīng)該去做。例如;
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until 必須和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，在否定句里它主要和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用也可以和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示直到某時(shí)某個(gè)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。Until 還可以用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。Not until 放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。例如:
He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.
It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
I won’t be free till Friday.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本該用來(lái)買(mǎi)狗食的錢(qián)不見(jiàn)了，但斑點(diǎn)狗看起來(lái)餓得厲害。
“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定語(yǔ)從句, 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞常放在關(guān)系代詞之前。例如:
the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live
主語(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞+不定式表示“按計(jì)劃將要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我們?cè)詾槟闶莻�(gè)成年人，一個(gè)我們可以指望他做出正確決定的人。
劃線部分是“an adult” 的同位語(yǔ)， 它 和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是對(duì)“an adult”含義進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明。這個(gè)同位于本身又帶有定語(yǔ)從句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望從某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我們家不是一個(gè)放縱不良行為的家庭。
根據(jù)上文，this是指 our family。動(dòng)詞go 后面可以跟形容詞，表示“變得”，例如：
go bad（變質(zhì)）, go dry（變干）, go mad（發(fā)瘋）, go international （國(guó)際化）。Go 和一些含否定意義的形容詞連用，則表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…
假如他們知道Spot得了病, 而我們用那筆錢(qián)帶他去看獸醫(yī)的話……..
這句話用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人只表示一種假設(shè)的情況、一種主觀愿望，即認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非真實(shí)時(shí)，使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，條件從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.
7. None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我們本應(yīng)當(dāng)停下來(lái)想想，而我們都沒(méi)有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下來(lái)去做另一件事， stop doing則表示停止正在做的事情。 should have
也是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情。這里完整的句子應(yīng)該是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你現(xiàn)在能向我解釋為什么家里亂成一團(tuán)，而你又把我們留下的錢(qián)拿去干什么了嗎?
Be (in) a mess表示“亂成一團(tuán)”； do with 表示“處理、處置”常和what 連用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“處理、應(yīng)付” we left 雖然只有兩個(gè)單詞，卻是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，它前面省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句(3)
一、．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句�！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)從句通�？梢院蛶шP(guān)系副詞的定語(yǔ)從句互相轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：
This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
(2) from where為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
能在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只有that, 這時(shí)的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、關(guān)系代詞as和which 作主語(yǔ)，都可以代表前面整個(gè)句子。但由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 還可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)】
英語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ),也和其他語(yǔ)言一樣,有許多都是由身體各個(gè)部份的名稱組成的。例如：To follow your nose是指"一直走"。另外還有：To play by ear，意思是看著辦。其他還有用hand 和foot這些字組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。
這里我們要向大家介紹由腿，也就是leg這個(gè)字組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：
To pull one's leg。To pull one's leg 初看起來(lái)好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是，千萬(wàn)不要被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗別人，開(kāi)別人玩笑的意思。有時(shí)候，有的朋友故意講一些話來(lái)騙我們，后來(lái)才發(fā)現(xiàn)他是在開(kāi)玩笑。
例如，一個(gè)大學(xué)生上了同學(xué)的當(dāng)，事后他說(shuō)：
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
這個(gè)大學(xué)生說(shuō)："我的同房間同學(xué)說(shuō)，那個(gè)女孩愿意和我一起出去玩�？墒�，當(dāng)我請(qǐng)她去看電影的時(shí)候，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我那同學(xué)是逗我，開(kāi)我的玩笑。"
要是這個(gè)大學(xué)生聰明一點(diǎn)的話,他當(dāng)時(shí)就可以對(duì)他的同學(xué)說(shuō)：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
這句話的意思是："喂，你別逗我行不行！我才不信那個(gè)女孩真的說(shuō)了她喜歡我，還要我邀她出去玩。"
和leg這個(gè)字有關(guān)的俗語(yǔ)里還有一個(gè)很有趣的說(shuō)法,那就是：Break a leg! 從字面上來(lái)看，break a leg難道是斷了一條腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的確切意思是祝愿別人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去參加高考，你就可以對(duì)他說(shuō)：Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很會(huì)種花種菜
Green thumb就是指那些很會(huì)種花種菜的人
All thumbs手腳很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet到實(shí)踐中去學(xué)
A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步
A wet blanket 掃興的人或事
【同步練習(xí)】
一、 根據(jù)上下文用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today we will(1)_________(解釋) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is "for the birds", it is(2) __________(無(wú)價(jià)值) or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And "a bird`s eye view" is a(3) __________(總體的) look at an area from above.
Did you know that if you tell a young person about "the birds and bees", you are explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_________(觀察) that "birds of a feather flock together?" In other words, people who are similar become friends or do things together.
There is some good advice. "A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush". This means you should not risk(5)_________(失去) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_______(動(dòng)作). This is called "killing two birds with one stone". But I would never really kill any birds. I love all kinds animals. This is "a real feather in my cap". It is something to be(7)_______(驕傲) of.
Most of the people I work with are "early birds". They believe that "the early bird catches the worm". They think that a person(8)______ gets up early in the morning for work has the best chance of(9) _________(成功). Everyone in my office works hard but some people have "had their wings clipped". Their jobs have been limited. This is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and (10)____________(經(jīng)驗(yàn)) are given more (11)________________(責(zé)任).
Some bird`s expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I am driving. I always travel "as the crow flies". I go the most（12）___________(直接) way. Anyone who "eats crow" has to admit a mistake or defeat.
Now let`s talk about my sister. She is not very young. She is "no spring of chicken". She will work any job for "chicken feed", a small (13)_______（數(shù)量） of money. She is easily frightened. For example, she is too "chicken livered" to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will "chicken out". She will not go out alone at night.
My sister was "an ugly duckling". She looked strange when she was a child. But she grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She "counts her chickens before they are hatched". Sometimes "her chickens come home to roost". That means her actions or words cause trouble for her. However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_________（批評(píng)） falls off her like water off a duck`s back.
Politicians are sometimes considered "lame ducks" after losing an election. They have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a "lame duck" session after an (15)__________(選舉). Important laws are not passed during this period.
二 從上文中找出下列說(shuō)法對(duì)應(yīng)的英文：
1． 一文不值：
2． 鳥(niǎo)瞰：
3． 物以類(lèi)聚：
4． 一矢二鳥(niǎo)：
5． 兩鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手：
6． 早起的鳥(niǎo)兒有蟲(chóng)吃：
7． 得意之物：
8． 束縛手腳：
9． 論資排隊(duì)：
10. 膽小如鼠:
11. 招災(zāi)惹禍:
12. (對(duì)別人的批評(píng))充耳不聞:
13. 吃蒼蠅:
14. 蠅頭小利:
15: 過(guò)早樂(lè)觀:
三、選擇正確的答案完成下面一段對(duì)話：
A: Who is it?
B: Dad.
A: come on in, Dad.
B: (1)______________________. I brought you a sandwich .
A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad. What time ist, anyway?
B: Ten o’clock. What are you working on?
A:.(2)___________________________________________
B: And….what do you feel?
A: Me? (3)__________________________________________
B: I felt the same way.
A:(4)_________________________________________
B: Oh,(5)___________________________. Well, don’t work all night.
A: I don’t mind, I enjoy writing.
B: Well, maybe you should think about becoming a writer.
A: Mybe I should.
B: You have lots of time to decide.
A: (6)__________________________________________
B: You will be OK. Good night, son.
A: Good night, Dad.
A.I thought you might be hunger
B. That’s the worst part-making decisions.
C. A little scared and excited, too.
D. The scary part is leaving home and going to college
E. I’m writing an article on the feelings about graduation
F. leaving home is part of growing up
參考答案
一、 1. explain 2. worthless 3. general 4. observed 5. losing 6.action 7.proud 8. who 9. success 10. experience 11.responsibility 12. direct 13 amount 14. criticism 15. election
二、1．for the birds
2．a(chǎn) bird`s eye view
3．Birds of a feather flock together
4．Kill two birds with one stone
5．A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush
6．The early bird catches the worm
7. a real feather in my cap
8. had their wings clipped
9．Packing order
10. chicken livered
11. the chickencomes home to roost
12. Criticism falls off her like water off a duck`s back..
13. eat the crow
14.chicken feed
15.count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
三、A E C D F B
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第四講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 2 （下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．了解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)的作用。
2．學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)感謝和建議信。
3．學(xué)習(xí)編寫(xiě)、表演對(duì)話。
4．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（復(fù)習(xí)）
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
rising/falling tone升調(diào)、降調(diào), talk show談話節(jié)目, main point要點(diǎn), supporting information輔助性信息, a diary entry一篇日記, be proud of為….感到驕傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all畢竟, take one’s advice接受建議, miss doing sth懷念以前做的某事, keep in mind記住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打掃干凈, make a difference要緊, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb為某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人驚奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing堅(jiān)持要做, allow him his freedom允許給他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡覺(jué), forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb為某事和某人爭(zhēng)吵.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing.
劇本是要被朗讀的，它使用的語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有其他文體那么正式。
“Be meant to be”+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、名詞或形容詞，表示“應(yīng)該用作、本應(yīng)當(dāng)作”和 “be supposed to be”相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.
副詞aloud表示“出聲’, loudly表示 “大聲”。注意loud可以當(dāng)作副詞和talk, speak, laugh連用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?
2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.
你不能原封不動(dòng)地按照人們?nèi)粘Ｕf(shuō)話的習(xí)慣來(lái)寫(xiě)。
the way people speak在這里是方式狀語(yǔ)，people speak是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the way。這句話較正式的寫(xiě)法可以是：
You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.
You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.
3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.
但我覺(jué)得你這樣做一點(diǎn)也不公平。
Be+being 構(gòu)成了be動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或名詞，表示主語(yǔ)當(dāng)前的狀況，也可以表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
You are silly.你很蠢。(對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià)，在這里是一種人身攻擊)
You are being silly你現(xiàn)在的行為或想法很蠢。(就事論事)
He is polite.他有禮貌。
He is being polite.他這樣做是出于禮貌。
Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.
4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.
據(jù)我所知當(dāng)克里思蒂娜小的時(shí)候你和她一起度過(guò)很多時(shí)光。
I understand是訪談節(jié)目和外交場(chǎng)合中一個(gè)常用的辭令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更靈活，對(duì)所提及信息的來(lái)源和可信度都沒(méi)有明確的說(shuō)法，可以根據(jù)上下文譯成“據(jù)我所知、我聽(tīng)說(shuō)、我猜、我個(gè)人的理解是…等”, 也可以說(shuō)My understanding is…….。
Back= in the past, 常出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。
5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.
許多家庭成員之間因?yàn)橐恍┬?wèn)題彼此不愉快。
Upset 作vt/ vi 時(shí)重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形，表示“弄翻、傾覆、擾亂、使不安”。也可作名詞，重音在前。本句話里upset是過(guò)去分詞，become的表語(yǔ)。
表示紛爭(zhēng)的起因，用介詞over. 例如：
The two countries often fight over border disputes.
They are always quarreling over minor differences.
6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.
然而，如果不盡早商討解決，小問(wèn)題就會(huì)變成大問(wèn)題。
Deal: n. 數(shù)量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可數(shù)名詞，交易，如： It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、經(jīng)營(yíng)。詞組deal with 有 和….做生意、與…有來(lái)往、對(duì)待、對(duì)付、相關(guān)、處理等意思。它作“處理”講時(shí)，要和do with區(qū)分清楚。deal with作“處理”講時(shí)是指“怎樣對(duì)付或解決”，提問(wèn)時(shí)用how; do with作“處理”講時(shí)是指“使用、處置”，提問(wèn)時(shí)用what。例如：
How did you deal with pollution in the river?-We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.
What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.
Early on：near the beginning“在早期、剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候”，多用于口語(yǔ)中。
7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近來(lái)他一直拒絕做他的家庭作業(yè)，固執(zhí)地把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看DVD和聽(tīng)外國(guó)音樂(lè)上。
Have/has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，指說(shuō)話前一段時(shí)間一直進(jìn)行或多次重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
Insist on+n/doing sth: 堅(jiān)持、堅(jiān)決主張(做某事)；或insist＋從句 “that sb (should) do sth”。
要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“堅(jiān)持”，但insist on堅(jiān)持的是看法或主張,竭力主張去做某事；persist in堅(jiān)持的是行為和做法，即不放棄正在進(jìn)行的事情。例如:
He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse.
She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.
8. What am I to do?
我該怎么辦？
相當(dāng)于What shall I do? Be動(dòng)詞＋不定式表示按計(jì)劃和情理將要或應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事。例如：
The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.
You are to follow his instructions to the word.
9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.
要是我拒不聽(tīng)從，他就對(duì)我大喊大叫，我們倆就會(huì)象瘋了一樣爭(zhēng)吵。
“the two of us”我們倆，us僅指我們兩人； “two of us”我們中的兩個(gè), us 所包含的人數(shù)大于二。
like crazy象瘋了一樣，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，相當(dāng)于“as if we were crazy”。還可以說(shuō)：like cats and dogs。
【英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)】
語(yǔ)調(diào)（intonation）是一句話里聲調(diào)（pitch）高低抑揚(yáng)輕重的配制和變化。英語(yǔ)有五種基本語(yǔ)調(diào)：升調(diào)（↗）、的降調(diào)（↙）、的升降調(diào)（∧）、降升調(diào)（∨）以及平調(diào)（→）。一句話除了詞匯意義（lexical meaning）還有語(yǔ)調(diào)意義（intonation meaning）。所謂詞匯意義就是話中所用詞的意義，而語(yǔ)調(diào)意義就是說(shuō)話人用語(yǔ)調(diào)所表示的態(tài)度或口氣。一句話的詞匯意義加上語(yǔ)調(diào)意義才算是完全的意義。同樣的句子，語(yǔ)調(diào)不同，意思就會(huì)不同，請(qǐng)看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
Jean用升調(diào)說(shuō)“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↙）
在對(duì)話2）中，Jean用降調(diào)說(shuō)“Sorry”，顯然其意思是拒絕幫助或無(wú)能為力。
S首先要知道英語(yǔ)主要有三種語(yǔ)調(diào)，分別是升調(diào)，降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。
升調(diào)一般表示"不確定" "話還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完"或者"禮貌" 。經(jīng)常用于下面幾類(lèi)句型中：
（1）一般疑問(wèn)句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the tickets?
（2）反問(wèn)句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You like it?
（3）表示安慰或鼓勵(lì)（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come with us.
（4）重復(fù)（Repetition questions） When did you come?
說(shuō)話時(shí)用"降凋"，常常給人一種"完結(jié)"的印象。所以能使用降調(diào)的句子有以下幾類(lèi)：
（1）陳述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. I'd like some tea.
（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句（Wh- questions） When did you come? What's the time?
（3）帶命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over there! Go and find it!
（4）感嘆句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was!
如果要表示出"說(shuō)話人改變主意，或話外有話之意"，就可以用"降升調(diào)"。它主要出現(xiàn)在下面的句式中：
（1）含有對(duì)比的陳述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesn't want it but his brother may.
（2）含保留意見(jiàn)的陳述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face. I like the colour of your dress.
（3）否認(rèn)或矛盾Statements which show disagreement or contradiction ──I can't do it. ──-You can. ──She arrived on Monday. ──-On Tuesday.
（4）警告Warning. Be careful. Don't be late.
【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句( 復(fù)習(xí) )
【同步練習(xí)】
一、 單項(xiàng)選擇
1． The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
2. There were dirty marks on her pants ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
3. We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything _____ we could sit on.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
4. Mr. Green still talks like the man ______ he was ten years ago.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
5. _____ can be called a car always rolls on wheels.
A. Anything B. Whatever C. All that D. Whichever
6. This is a book _______ is red.
A. of which cover B. the cover of that C. which cover D. whose cover
7. They didn’t call the police till 2 hours later, ____allowed the thief enough time to escape.
A. when B. which C. why D. how
8. We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_______ a small river.
A. which flew B. that flows C. which flows D. where flows
9. What ________ you want her to do?
A. is B. is it C. that D. is it that
10. It was two years ago ______ China was hit by SARS.
A. that B. when C. in which D. then
11. It was wise of you to ______ his advice.
A. have B. receive C. approve D. take
12. We take great ______ in the achievement of our nation.
A. prize B. proud C. pride D. value
13. Your support will make a ______ !
A. change B. mark C. choice D. difference.
14. Attributive Clause has already been ______ with in the previous unit.
A. dealt B. deal C. did D. done
15. You can go out to play,_______ that you finish your work first.
A. now B. in C. in order D. provided
二、 用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
insist, , suggest, , forbid, frustrated, express, exact, emotional, merely, regular, solve
1． Learning to drive can be a very _________experience for the residents of crowded cities.
2． Growing up means one has to become both financially and _________ independent.
3． Some common feelings of teenagers are very well_________ in this pop song.
4． Thank you very much for the good __________ on the running of this club.
5． This is _________ what I’m looking for.
6． Smoking is ____________ in this building.
7． We offer technical __________ in the field of e-commerce.
8． We will stay with the programme for one more week if you_______.
9． It’s a _________ five minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
10. The patient has to rely on medicine to _______ his heart beat.
三、 完形填空
Yard sales do not have to be huge. One family, or even one person, can hold a yard sale. People simply collect some things they no 1 want and put them in the yard outside their home. They might also place handmade signs on nearby streets to direct people to the sale. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale -- or a garage sale or a moving sale.
2 people call it, the activity is the same. Such sales are 3 on the idea that an object that is useless, broken or ugly to one person can be a bargain to 4 .
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. They might look for things 5 stamps, dolls, old money, bottles, baseball cards, toys or advertising signs. Yard sales can also provide people 6 a new computer or sound system ... new to them, at least.
Or there might be some exercise 7 that looks new because no one ever really used it. People never know what they might find. They might even find a snake skin -- the perfect gift for a science teacher.
People who go to yard sales often are not looking for anything 8 . They are 9 looking for something that appeals to them. Or they might enjoy negotiating(商談) 10 prices. Later, if necessary, they can hold their own yard sale to sell all the things they have bought.
1. A. more B. wonder C. less D. longer
2. A. However B. Whatever C. Whoever D. Whenever
3. A. based B. working C. discussed D. held
4. A. other B. the other C. another D. others
5. A. as B. like C.for example D. with
6. A. with B. for C. by D. from
7. A. machines B. facilities C. equipment D. equipments
8. A. cheap B. valuable C. strange D. special
9. A. simply B. especially C. hardly D. nearly
10.A. for B. over C. with D. low
【參考答案】
一、DADBC, DBCDA, DCDAD
二、1. frustrating 2. emotionally 3. expressed 4. suggestions 5. exactly
6. forbidden 7. solution 8. insist 9. mere 10. regulate
三、DBACB, ACDAB
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第五講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審： 孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 3（上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)摻】�、鍛煉，描述�?wèn)題。
2．學(xué)習(xí)e-mail的寫(xiě)作。
3．語(yǔ)法：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、反意疑問(wèn)句。
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
stay(系動(dòng)詞：保持), slim, figure, weight, ashamed, recover, failure, contain, chemical, seldom, damage, attractive, touching, embarrassed, pressure, overweight, diet, properly, skinny, consider, fit(強(qiáng)健的), pill, appearance, especially, amazed, archery, squash, aerobics(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)), triathlon(鐵人三項(xiàng)), category, partial(部分的), response, purpose, confirmation, actually, recognize.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
work out鍛煉、訓(xùn)練, go on diets/a diet實(shí)行節(jié)食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight體重增加, lose weight減肥, be ashamed of對(duì)….感到羞恥, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…， follow one’s advice聽(tīng)從某人的建議, sound fun聽(tīng)起來(lái)象是件有趣的事, team sport團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng), build up增強(qiáng), regret doing sth后悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
三、【語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)】
non-restrictive attributive clause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, question tag反意疑問(wèn)句, positive statement肯定的陳述句, negative statement否定的陳述句, personal pronoun人稱代詞, auxiliary verb助動(dòng)詞, model verb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, imperative clause祈使句.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. What do you do to keep yourself looking good and feeling good？
你是怎樣保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身體狀況的？
詢問(wèn)別人怎樣做某事的可以用“how do you…..?”也可以用“what do you do to….?”。例如：
How did you make the baby stop crying?
What did you do to make the baby stop crying?
Keep yourself looking good and feeling good是一個(gè)“動(dòng)＋賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)looking good and feeling good作賓補(bǔ)。
2. Dying to be thin….
這是個(gè)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)，既可以理解成“差一點(diǎn)為瘦身而死”，也可以理解為“迫切希望瘦身”。課文主人公Amy因?yàn)榧鼻邢Ｍ３置鐥l的身材服用了一種減肥藥造成肝功能衰竭，差點(diǎn)丟了性命。用這個(gè)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)作課文的標(biāo)題非常巧妙。
Dying 的本意是“快要死去的，而dying to do/be+adj或dying for+n則表示“迫切希望…..”。例如：
He is dying to see his homeland again.
I’m dying for a drink of rum.
She is dying for a chance to be back on the stage.
3. I know the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
我知道保持苗條的壓力是一個(gè)，對(duì)于一位女演員來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。
4. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
我在服用一種叫“”的減肥藥，這種藥在年輕女性中很流行。
medicine 泛指藥物，尤指內(nèi)服藥，表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)后面跟介詞for: the medicine for cold。 Pill藥片、藥丸, ,表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)前面加定語(yǔ)：sleeping pills 。drug藥劑、麻醉藥、毒品，drug(s) 表示“治療…的藥”時(shí)和for/to treat連用。
5. She says health is priceless, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.
她說(shuō)健康是無(wú)價(jià)的，我同意她的說(shuō)法，但是我現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)非常苗條。
后綴less加在名詞之后表示“沒(méi)有、缺乏”例如：hopeless, helpless, careless, homeless.注意， priceless和worthless, valueless的意思不同。Price指價(jià)格，加less表示“無(wú)法估價(jià)的”；worth, value指價(jià)值，加less則表示“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的。
Then和but連用，起到增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。
6. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
那些藥里含有一種有害的化學(xué)成分，導(dǎo)致我肝功能衰竭。
7. I think you look great as you are.
我認(rèn)為你現(xiàn)在這樣保持自然本色看起來(lái)就很棒。
As you are是狀語(yǔ)從句意思是“以你本來(lái)的面目”
As作連詞的用法較復(fù)雜，可以表示“當(dāng)….時(shí)候、因?yàn)�、既然、相比、雖然，按照…做、象…一樣、當(dāng)做，還可以用來(lái)指代上文中提到的事情以避免重復(fù)。其中作“雖然、用來(lái)指代上文中提到的事情”兩種用法比較特殊，請(qǐng)看例句：
Alone as he is, he does not feel lonely.
Try as you would, you could not make him change his mind.
Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers.
8. Remember to take it slowly at first and you will build your strength up quickly.
記住剛開(kāi)始鍛煉時(shí)要慢些，你的體力很快就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。
Take 在這里意思是“從事…活動(dòng)”it 指代sport/exercise。
Build up增強(qiáng)、增加，名詞build-up,例如：
The build-up of Japanese forces makes the neighboring countries very uneasy.
9. Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
一些體育活動(dòng)通常是在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行的，另一些則是在室外。
Indoor、outdoor是形容詞，只能作定語(yǔ)使用; indoors/outdoors是副詞，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：
It is an indoor sport.
We can play the game indoors.
【語(yǔ)法】
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1) 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）
2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝�，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
二、反意疑問(wèn)句：
（1） 反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句以及其后面的簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分由助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)(人稱代詞)構(gòu)成，可表示真實(shí)的疑問(wèn)。也可以表示說(shuō)話者的某種傾向，強(qiáng)調(diào)或反問(wèn)
It’s raining , isn’t it?
(2) 反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句是肯定的，則疑問(wèn)部分為否定形式；反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句中若為否定，則疑問(wèn)部分為肯定形式。
(3) 前半部分陳述句含有hardly, never, seldom, few, little等詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分為肯定形式。
We hardly know each other, do we?
There is little left for us to do, there is?
(4) 反意疑問(wèn)句的前半部分陳述句中若使用了助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或 be 動(dòng)詞，后半部分先重復(fù)這些動(dòng)詞，然后 + not +主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)略句
You can read this , can’t you?
She should have a rest , shouldn’t she?
(5) 如果反意疑問(wèn)句前半部分肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后半部分一般由 didn’t / doesn’t 和didn’t + 主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
We need some salad too , don’t we?
He looks like his father , doesn’t he?
(6) 祈使句后面的反意疑問(wèn)句是will you/shall we?
Let’s stop quarreling and get down to business, shall we?
Come over to my house, will you?
【同步練習(xí)】
四、 單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Jane could hardly be called beautiful, ____________?
A. couldn’t she B. couldn’t Jane C. wasn’t she D. could she
2.Is this factory _____ you visited the other day?
A. which B. where C. to which D. the one
3.You will have some spare time _____ you can learn French at
home.
A. that B. which C. at which D. during which
4. We ought to make friends with such people _____ are kind and hard working.
A. who B. as C. that D. whom
5.I was so surprised that he returned home much earlier _____ was expected.
A. as B. than C. which D. /
6.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. which B. that C. where D. as
7.China is the birth place of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from where B. which C. where D. as
8.That is the girl _____ father we have just been speaking.
A. of whose B. of whom C. whose D. who
9. Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, _____ you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
10. We often think of the happiest days _____ we spent together on the island
A. when B. which C. that D. during which
五、 用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
figure, weight, shame, recover, fail, contain, chemical, embarrassed, pressure, properly, skin, consider, appear
1． She is on a diet to keep her ___________.
2． Everyone could see his __________ when he was caught stealing food from the frige.
3． Susan is not the _______ little girl she used to be.
4． You should be ________ of such behavior.
5． _______ is a subject that is learnt in the lab.
6． The UN has sent 9 __________ of relief supply to the earthquake area.
7． It is very ___________ of you to bring me such a useful gift.
8． Nowadays young people will do anything to improve their ___________
9． This kind of dress is not very _______ for the wedding.
10. Mr. Lee’s ________ was a painful and slow one.
11.His carelessness has resulted in another __________.
12._________ as he is, he can’t keep his hand form chocolate.
13. Reporters tried to _______ him for more information.
三、完形填空
With the long days of summer 1 and kids heading back to school, it seems that exercise should become easier to do instead of harder. But, for many parents, that isn't the 2 as schedules get crowed with activities, the sun goes down earlier and the stress of daily life sets in. Many people find 3 vowing(發(fā)誓) to start exercising at some later time when things calm down but, here's something you already know--life doesn't usually work that way.
4 of waiting for the 'right' time, why not start now? Getting exercise firmly established makes it easier for it to 5 a priority（要優(yōu)先做的事） for you. Trying to fit it into a crazy schedule later is hard to do and can result 6 stress, guilt and thicker waistlines（腰圍）. Staying fit takes a little work, but it's worth it in the long 7.
Any parent knows that planning and preparation can make a difference in how smoothly things go. Giving exercise that same kind of effort can help you make it happen.
Plan out your weekly calendar of work, family and other responsibilities.
Look for times you can squeeze in some exercise. 8 you only find 10 minutes here or there, that's 10 minutes you'll be moving instead of sitting.
Plan what you'll do and what you'll need to do it--e.g., if you're going to the gym you'll need to have your gym bag ready and snacks/meals ready to go. Prepare as much as you can beforehand for smoother workouts.
Look for creative ways to be active. One person who jogs around the soccer field at her son's practices. There’s another who rides bikes with his daughter every morning before school. Integrating(結(jié)合)exercise with other activities is one way to stay 9 and still keep up with responsibilities.
Set up a basic home gym. Even if you prefer a health club, having some basic equipment 10 as well as a few quality workout videos means you're always ready for a workout. Think resistance tubes or bands, an exercise ball and some dumbbells.
1．A. out B. go C. gone D. done
2. A condition B. case C. example D. reason
3. A. us B. them C. theirs D. themselves
4. A. Despite B. Approved C. Aware D. Instead
5. A. remain B. keep C. stay D. get
6. A. in B. from C. of D. over
7. A. time B. term C. run D. period
8. A. Even if B. As if C. As though D. Now that
9. A. well B. health C. fit D. happy
10.A.prepared B. available C. access D. responsible
【參考答案】
一、D A AC B, DAACC
二、1.figure 2. embarrassment 3. skinny 4. ashamed 5. Chemistry 6. containers 7. considerate 8.appearances 9. proper 10. recovery 11. failure 12. overweighed 13. press
三、CBDDA, ACACB
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第六講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審： 孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 3（下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)健康生活的話題。
2．學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的名稱和用法。
3．學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)查、整理、分析信息。
4．縮略和簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)。
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
Guideline, highlight, lifestyle, advertisement, commercial(n), convey, , afford, , offer, yoga, branch, square, shape, figure, trainer, , brief, abbreviation, contraction, symbol, seldom, , proper, energy, count, concentrate, chemical, amount, booklet, survey, conduct, analyze, statistics, questionnaires, permission, give out, create, percentage, level, pin, persuade, omit, skip, virus, remove, item, recommend, mention, summary, conclusion, calorie.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
Prompt box提詞臺(tái), a reminder of提醒某人想起某事的人或事物, call sb names罵人, cheer up高興起來(lái), closely related緊密相關(guān)的, live(lead) a…. life過(guò)著….樣的生活, , a headache to令人頭疼的人或事, along with一起, in the long term(run)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度看, give up on放棄, a good amount of適量的、許多, in no time很快, give out分發(fā)、發(fā)出, allow enough time for sb to do…留出充足的時(shí)間讓某人做某事, skip meals不吃飯, membership fee會(huì)員費(fèi),
三、【標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的英文名稱和用法】
punctuations: comma逗號(hào), full stop/period句號(hào), question mark問(wèn)號(hào), exclamation mark感嘆號(hào), colon冒號(hào), semi-colon分號(hào), quotation marks引號(hào), apostrophe省略符號(hào), hyphen連字符號(hào), dash破折號(hào), under bar下劃線。
英語(yǔ)中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用和漢語(yǔ)相近，但也有一些區(qū)別：
1． 句號(hào)用在縮寫(xiě)中,例如：U.S.A, Mr., e.g，p.m等。
2．逗號(hào)在疑問(wèn)句中引出說(shuō)話人：
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
逗號(hào)用于排列三個(gè)或以上的名詞：
Green, blue, white and green are his favorite colors.
逗號(hào)用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：
Edison, who was the inventor of electric bulb, had over 2000 inventions.
寫(xiě)日期時(shí)，如次序是月－日－年，在日和年之間加逗號(hào)：
He was born on October 15,1983.
有些起連系作用的副詞，如 however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, moreover
, thus, otherwise, besides等等：
China, however, is still at the primary stage of socialism.
3． Apostrophe ['] 表示所有:
This is David's computer.
Mary and Jim’s father/Mary’s and Jim’s fathers
The football players’ photo
4．破折號(hào)Dash [-]
在一個(gè)句子前作總結(jié)
Mild, dry, and clear - these are the characteristics of weather in Kunming.
在一個(gè)句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋
The kids－John, Bettie and Leo－were left behind while their parents went to church.
表示某人在說(shuō)話過(guò)程中被打斷
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake
began to shake the room。
5．連字符Hyphen [-]
連接兩個(gè)單詞
well-educated, kind-hearted, good-looking
加前綴
anti-Japanese, non-stop, semi-conductor
在數(shù)字中使用
one-quarter， twenty-three, two-fifths
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. You can highlight main points by underling them.
你可以通過(guò)下劃線來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)要點(diǎn)。
Highlight本來(lái)是美術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)“高光點(diǎn)”，指畫(huà)面上最亮、最顯著的地方。這里highlight作動(dòng)詞，表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”。Main points指文章的要點(diǎn)。
這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)是：do sth by doing sth, 表示通過(guò)做某事達(dá)到某個(gè)目的，例如：
He keeps fit by going to the gym twice a week.
The students enlarged their vocabulary by reading English Novels.
2. Is there such a thing as being big boned?
有沒(méi)有“骨架大”這么回事？
介詞短語(yǔ)as being big boned在句子中作定語(yǔ)，“being big boned”是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，作介詞as的賓語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的句子還有：Her friends all speak of her as being sweet-tempered。
As也可以作關(guān)系代詞，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中常和such, the same, so連用; 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中代指主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，例如：
Such exercises as he does are good for old people.
I hold the same view as the majority does.
He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.
As was his wont(習(xí)慣), he cleared his throat before starting the lecture.
Big boned 指“骨架大的”。