高 二 英 語
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）
[教學(xué)內(nèi)容]
高中英語第二冊（上）
教學(xué)要求：
1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。
2、學(xué)會幾句常用口語：
Don’t you think that Ireland belongs to the UK? 你不認(rèn)為愛爾蘭屬于聯(lián)合王國嗎？
I’m not so sure about that. 我吃不準(zhǔn)。
No, you are wrong thinking so. 不，你這樣想是借的。
Surely it must be an independent republic. 它一定是個獨立的共和國。
I believe that you’ve got it right. 你想你對了。
3、語法：名詞性從句⑴
[知識重點與學(xué)習(xí)難點]
1、The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
大不列顛由三個國家組成，這個事實許多人還不知道。
這里that…是名詞性從句作同位語，是指這個事實。make up是主動式，上句可改成：
Three counties make up Great Britain.
被動式總是be made up of = consist of 意為由……組成，其中of不能代之by。
make up其他一些常見用法：
John made up a joke about the talking dog. 約翰編了一個會講話狗的笑話。
You must make up the work you missed. 你一定得把你沒做完的工作補上。
Most women make up (their faces). 大多數(shù)女人都化妝。
Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions.
增加工資不總是能彌補惡劣的工作條件。
2、The British Isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe.
不列顛群島是位于歐洲西海岸外面的一群島嶼。
群島作為整體集合作單數(shù)，作為許多島嶼也可作復(fù)數(shù)處理，所以這出現(xiàn)了are與lies似乎矛盾的現(xiàn)象。
off the coast 指海岸外，在海上。 on the coast 指在海岸線上，海邊，大陸上。
見例：
The city lies on the west coast of America. 這城市位于美國西海岸。
The small island lies 70 miles off the east coast of America.
這小島位于美國東海岸外70英里處。
3、In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and the north can be as much as nine degrees. 夏日倫敦與北方的溫差可達(dá)九度。
There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the center.
計算一下以索爾茲伯里市為中心的方圓六英里內(nèi)，養(yǎng)有多達(dá)60萬只羊。
這里as much as與as many as同義，多達(dá)……，但溫度是不可數(shù)名詞（盡管degrees是復(fù)數(shù)）只能用as much as，而羊是可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)然用as many as …，又例：
The maglev can move as much as 400 kilometers per hour.
磁懸浮列車的速度每小時高達(dá)400公里。
They have built as many as 180 bridges so far. 至今為止他們造了多達(dá)180座橋。
4、make use of, make the best of及make the most of：
這三個短語都有利用之意，但有細(xì)別：
make use of 利用
Do you want to make use of the waste paper? 你要利用這些廢紙嗎？
You should make good use of your spare time. 你應(yīng)該好好利用你的空余時間。
The main use they make of the satellite is to broadcast TV programs.
他們利用這衛(wèi)星的主要用途是傳播電視節(jié)目。
make the most of 充分利用
George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.
full use
喬治努力學(xué)習(xí)。他要充分利用他的學(xué)習(xí)機會。
make the best of，盡量利用，善用，含有使不利變有利的意義：
Make the best of your limited time. 善用你有限的時間。
We have lost the train, but we must make the best of it.
我們誤了火車，但我們必須盡量不弄得更糟。
Since we can’t find a bigger apartment, we’ll have to make the best of what we have.
既然我們找不到更大的公寓，就得好好適應(yīng)我們的現(xiàn)狀。
5、It is twenty five miles across the fields to Salisbury. 跨越25英里的田野到達(dá)索爾茲伯里。
這里用across不用from，因田野是一片不是一個地點，from … to是指兩點之間：
It is 2 kilometers from my home to school. 從我家到學(xué)校有2公里。
It is 500 miles across the desert to the small town. 越過沙漠到這個小鎮(zhèn)要走500英里。
小結(jié)it的無人稱用法：
①上述例子it是指距離。
②可指時間：
It’s 5.00 now. It is Monday today.
③指天氣：
It’s warm. It rains every day.
④指環(huán)境：
It is noisy in the classroom. It is very beautiful beside the lake.
6、As we traveled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times and ruin of the native population of this kingdom.
我們旅行穿過鄉(xiāng)村時，看到了許多古代的文物，還有這個王國土著人的廢墟。
這句as與when同義，更強調(diào)同步，含一邊旅行，一邊觀光之意，又例：
Helen listened to music as she washed. He washed as he passed.
As it grew darker, it became colder.
7、It is built where two rivers come together. 它建于兩河交匯處。
where是地點狀語從句：
I found the books where I left them.
Where there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
8、kind與sort。
兩詞同義，但sort可作動詞，作分類解。
①表示種類：
all kinds/sorts of books/food 各種書/食物
different
many 許多種書/食物
three 三種書/食物
this kind/sort of book/food或books/food this kind/sort 這種書/食物
that that 那種書/食物
a kind/sort of book/food 一種書/食物
of a kind/sort 貶義：
They are all of a kind/sort. 他們都是一類人。
a poet of a kind/sort 蹩腳詩人 coffee of a kind/sort 劣質(zhì)咖啡
②轉(zhuǎn)義：
He is a kind /sort of genus. 他可算一個天才。
I feel kind of cold. 我覺得有點冷。
sort
She kind of hoped he would come. 她多少有點希望他會來。
sort of
9、Although a small country, it has an amazing history of over 5000 years.
雖然是個小國但它有5000多年的驚人的歷史。
這Although是省略從句 = Although it is a small country, …如改成in spite of或despite則應(yīng)：
In spite of being a small country, being不去掉為宜。
Despite
10、Since Ireland became independent, the Irish government has recognized that if nothing is done, this part of Irish culture will disappear.
自從愛爾蘭獨立以來，愛爾蘭政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到如果不采取對策，愛爾蘭文化會滅亡。
recognize的一些常見用法：
I recognize you now; you were my neighbor ten years ago.
我認(rèn)出你了；你是我十年前的鄰居。
He recognized that he was not fit for the post. 他認(rèn)識到（承認(rèn)）他不能勝任這個職位。
I recognize your right to ask that question. 我承認(rèn)你有權(quán)問這個問題。
They agreed to recognize the republic in the end.
他們最后終于同意承認(rèn)這個共和國。
[語法] 名詞性從句⑴
該單元講述that型名詞性從句，該從句可看作由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換來，只要前置that：
That earth goes around the sun. → that the earth goes around the sun
1、作主語：
That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.
或形式主語先行：
It is known to all that ….
2、作賓語：
Even a child knows that the earth goes around the sun.
Though Galileo made it clear that … , most people didn’t believe him.（形式賓語先行）
that型名詞性從句一般不作介詞賓語。
3、作表語：
The fact is that the earth goes around the sun.
4、作同位語：
People didn’t agree to the truth that the earth goes around the sun until the 16th century.
[同步練習(xí)]
一、單項選擇：
1、Japan lies ______ the east coast of China.
A. to B. in C. on D. off
2、If you pay attention, you’ll find ______ 50 dogs around this block.
A. as much as B. as many as C. so much as D. so many as
3、_______ brave, they got defeated at last. Choose the wrong answer:
A. Though B. Despite C. Although they were D. Inspire of being
4、The world-famous jewel is made _____ four parts, each of which is made _____ diamond.
A. up of, of B. of, up of C. up for, from D. into, of
5、Defeated in the war, England had to _________ the independence of America.
A. agree B. recognize C. accept D. promise
6、I’ve only found some rice in the refrigerator, so we have to _______ of it.
A. make the most B. make full use C. make the best D. make good use
7、Because they walked into a very crowded street the little kid got ______ from them soon.
A. separated B. lost C. missing D. away
8、After the civil war, a new school was put up _____ there had once been a church.
A. in which B. when C. where D. on which
9、What those high officials say is often different from ______ they are doing.
A. how B. what C. that D. when
10、It is certain _________ we will land on Mars some day.
A. that B. whether C. how D. what
二、閱讀理解：
In 1909 an English newspaper offered ￡1000 to the first man to fly across the English Channel in a plane. Today, modern jets cross it in minutes. But at that time it still seemed a good distance. The race to win the money soon became a race between two men. Both were very colorful.
One was Louis Bleriot, who owned a factory in France that made motorcar lamps. He was already well known as a pilot because he had crashed several times. Some people laughed at him. One man said, “He may not be the first to fly across the Channel, but he will certainly be the first to die in a crash!” But Bleriot was really a good and brave pilot.
The other man was Hubert Latham. He took up flying when his doctors told him he had only a year to live. “Oh, well,” he said, “if I’m going to die soon, I think I shall have a dangerous and interesting life now.” Latham was the first to try the flight across the Channel. Ten kilometers from the French coast, his plane had engine trouble. It crashed into the water and began to sink under the water. When a boat reached him. Latham was smoking calmly on the wing. Bleriot took off six days later. He flew into some very bad weather and very low cloud. Finally he got to the English side and landed in a farmer’s field. When he did so, a customs officer rushed up to his plane and asked, “Have you anything to declare?”
1、Bleriot had once been regarded as __________.
A. the first man crossing the Channel B. an excellent factory manager
C. an unskilled pilot D. a good and brave pilot
2、What happened just before Latham’s plane sank under the water?
A. A boat came in time to save him. B. He cried out for help.
C. The weather became worse and worse.
D. Something was seriously wrong with one of the wings.
3、Bleriot started his flight across the Channel __________.
A. but crashed into the water B. and almost crashed in low cloud over France
C. but had to turn back when his engine went wrong
D. and succeeded in reaching England
4、We can conclude that in the end __________.
A. nether Bleriot nor Latham won the race
B. Bleriot won ￡1000 offered by the newspaper
C. Latham won ￡1000 offered by the newspaper
D. ￡1000 was shared between Latham and Bleriot
5、What kind of man would you say Hubert Latham was?
A. He was not interested in life. B. He was full of courage.
C. He was a bit foolish. D. He was very proud of his flying skill.
參考答案
一、1、D 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、A
二、1、C 2、A 3、D 4、B 5、B