高二英語
【例1】If you fail in the examination, never________.
A．lose your heart B．lose a heart
C．lose the heart D．lose heart
【答案】 D
【解析】學生容易給出的答案是A。這是受從句主語的影響。其實知識點必須建立在lose heart的本意上。Lose heart意思為“氣餒”，不應在其前加冠詞，也不必隨主語在其前加上相應的形容詞性的主代詞。而答案中的lose one’s heart則有“鐘情于……，愛上……”之意，顯然不符題意，故應選D。
【例2】She continued _______ her books，
A．to write B．writing C．write D．A or B
【答案】D
【解析】此題考慮continue的用法，有些學生只知道A“continue to do”正確，不知道“continue doing”也可以，故選D。
【說明】除continue以外，intend、afford等詞與不定式和動名詞連用都是可以的。
【例3】He joined the Party in _______1940s when he was in _______twenties.
A．the ; the B．the ; his C．/; the D．/; his
【答案】B
【解析】大多數(shù)學生由于不細心，很容易把題中1940s誤作1940，肉而導致第一個空不選，并進而得出答案D，造成的失誤。表示年代后加s或’s，意為幾十年代，前邊必須有定冠詞the.該題中還有一個小知識點，即在某人幾十風時（二十、五十等），整十的數(shù)詞要變成復數(shù)，如twenties, thirties。
【例4】The teacher sat at the desk _______.
A．think about something B．and thought something
C．thinking about something D．thought something
【答案】C
【例4】此題有的學生選A，這是錯誤的。并列句應用and連接，并將think改成thought才行，也就是and thought about/of。如果選B，則think為不及動動詞，須改為and thought of/about 才可以。C是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作sat at the desk 的狀語。
【例5】________I know, he will be away for a week.
A．As long as B．So far C．So far as D．As soon as
【答案】C
【解析】 這個題首先要弄清各個答案的含義及其在句子的功能；as long as“跟……一樣長”;so far“到現(xiàn)在為止”，不能引導從句。so far as “據……，就……”之意，后跟一個表示程度的狀語從句，這時候as far as = as far as. as soon as“一……就……”引導時間狀語從句。這樣A、D意義上不符，B結構上不對，故應選C。其形式so far I know/as far as I can see就我所知（依我之見）之意。
【例6】Each year, millions of smokers die ______ smoking.
A．form B．by C．off D．for
【答案】A
【解析】其中先不能選的答案是off，不和die構成動詞短語，而for和die搭配，不表原因而表目的；by和die搭配則指因暴力、兇器而死，而die from后接衰弱、不衛(wèi)生、不注意、負傷等。
【答案】A
【解析】此題學生易答C leave表狀態(tài)時不與不式連用，此題考查remain的用法。Remain=stay例如 I will remain to watch the match.
remain+adj. He remains careful and modest.
remain+p.p The situation remained unchanged
remain+to do (to be done) A lot of things remain to be done to stop pollution.
remain+n. He remains a businessman.
【例7】“Not all the people smoke” means;
A．Some people don’t smoke. B．All the people don’t smoke
C．A and B D．All the people smoke.
【答案】C
【解析】此題考查部分否定not all、all …not、some… not、every…not、both…not等等。部分學生只選A或B，all…not也是部分否定，A and B正確。
【例8】All _____they need is something ________them feel better at that moment.
A．that, to make B．which, no make
C．which, to made D．that, make
【答案】A
【解析】 此題的關鍵要弄清句子的結構，前一部分是定語從句修飾all不定代詞，此時關系代詞只能用that.
后一部分不定式作定語，后置定語修飾不定代詞something,故選A。
【例9】誤： It is a pleasure meet your.
正：It is pleasure to meet you.
不定式作真正的主語
另還可接that從句（主語從句），如：It is a pleasure that you are here.
但有時用this, that代替it，這時應是同位語從句，不是主語從句。
如：This is a pleasure that the girl could speak English.
另：It’s a pleasure. I will see you the next day.
有時謂語可用過去式was.如：
-Thank you for helping me.
-It was a pleasure.
口語中常用物主代詞替換不定代詞，并省略“It is/was”。如：
-Thanks for your help.
-My pleasure.
另：With pleasure。常用于回答Could you/Would you …？如：
-Could you post the important package for me？
-With pleasure.
此外用法中，pleasure前無冠詞或物主代詞。
【例10】The day they looked forward to ______.
A．come B．coming C．came D．comes
【答案】C
【分析】 如果不認真分析句子，就會把looked forward to 當謂語看待，而選B。但該句中they looked forward to是定詞從句，修飾先行詞to day由此可見句子缺少謂語，故C項正確。
【例11】誤：He shook hand with me eagerly.
正：
（1）He shook hands with me eagerly.
（2）He shook me eagerly by the hand.
（3）He shook my hand eagerly.
（4）He has a handshake with me eagerly.
【解析】shake hands with意指“握雙方的手”，“和……握手”；而shake sb. By the hand 或shake sb. ‘s hand，have/has a handshake with sb.僅指對方的手。
【例12】誤：“Shall I help you？”“No, you shan’t.”
正：“Shall I help you” “No, thank you.”
【解析】回答由Shall I (we)…？Would（Will）you…？Could you…？表示征求意見的問語時，不用shall，will，（would），could作答。例如：Would you go there？回答時不用：Yes, I would. 而說：Yes, I will.回答：Could you help me with the suitcase？時，不用：Yes, I could.而說：Yes, I can.等等。
【例13】誤：Shanghai is larger than any other city in Africa.
正：Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.
【解析】學生在使用形容詞、副詞的比較級時，必須避免自身相比，有些學生一下就用than any other city。事實上，此題的考查對象只是“中國的城市與非洲的城市相比”，不屬于同一范疇，不應用other來區(qū)分。
【例14】-When did the story happen？
-________.
A．Lately at night B．Later in night
C．Lately D．Later at night
【答案】D
【解析】首先要弄清lately副詞，“最近”、“近來”之意，相當于recently。句子時態(tài)常用現(xiàn)在完成時。而later“較遲的”之意，故應在答案BD中選擇。一般說at night或in the night所以答案應為D。
【例15】You should pay ______ attention to the sentence pattern.
A．especial B．special C．particular
【答案】B
【解析】學生多數(shù)選擇A，這是錯誤的，這三個詞語都有“特別”的意思，但又不同。
Particular 著重強調同類事物中某一個具有獨特性質的事例。如：
It is an event of particular importance.這是一個特別重要的事。
Especial和special意思相同，著重指特殊的目的和用途。
expecial為書面語，口語中常用special，如：
Small children need special（especial）food.
especially，specially，particularly都是副詞，especially常與從句連用。
specially常與不定式連用，強調“專門”、“專業(yè)”如：
The girl returned home, specially to see her sick mother.這女孩回家專程看望生病的母親的。
The trees turn green especially when the strong wind and heavy rain is over.
【例16】It is sure that he will win the first place.
【解析】這是一個錯誤的句子，應改為It is certain that he win the first place.
此題要注意Sure和certain兩個詞的用法，兩者的相同點是，否定句中兩者意義相同，“確定的”、“無疑的”，例如：
（1）I am not sure/certain where I found it.
（2）Be sure of / about 與be certain of/about,都有“對……自信”、“有把握的判斷。”如：
She is certain/sure of her success.
Be/sure/ certain to do sth.指說話人代表自己或者他人的推測口乞，主語不一定是人。She is sure/ certain to come.
The bird can be certain/ sure to fly.
含的certain 與sure 的句子都可轉化成不同的句子。如：
He is sure to come=He will surely/certainly come.
It is certain that our group will win= Our group will certainly win.
Our group is sure/certain to win.
不同點：
（1）作定語時，表達的意義不同。
Certain“一定的”，“某種程度的”，相當于some，前加不定冠詞，后接單數(shù)名詞，和some差不多，但some前不加冠詞。
He went to some place/ a certain place in Europe.
sure可作定語，但含有“可靠的”、“經過證實有效的”之意。
（2）作表語時，certain強調有充分證據，不容懷疑。Sure指主觀上懷有愿望。
He is honest, I am certain he did not do it.
I am sure he will come this evening.
（3）be sure that從句結構中，主語保能是sb.不能是sth.。
be certain that you will yet there in time.
I am sure he will go.
I am certain he met me.
【例17】Before he died he was honored in a number of ways for his contribution to the film industry.
【解析】這是一個錯誤的句子，contribution須用復數(shù)，改成contributions。Contribute sb.(sth.) to sb.(sth.)
contribute to sb.(sth.)
give/make contributions to sb.(sth.)或give/make a contribution to
【例18】-Please don’t make a noise.
-_______.I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A．Yes, I won’t B．NO, I won’t
C．No, I will D．Yes, I will
【答案】B
【解析】回答祈使句時，用will 或won’t。因為反意疑問句用will you，該句可理解為Don’t make a noise, will you？A、C項是語法錯誤。D項跟前后文矛盾。
【例19】What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. _______must be something wrong with it.
A．It B．There C．This D．That
【答案】B
【解析】應該理解為There is something wrong with …句型，這樣很容易找到正確答案。
【例20】Tom, _______sure to write to me soon.
A．is B．be C．are D．do
【答案】B
【解析】這道題應該選項前有逗號，說明Tom和后邊句子并非主謂關系，應判斷為祈使句“be sure to”意思是“一定要”。
【例21】Please tell me the way you thought of ______ the garden.
A．take care of B．to take care of
C．taking care of D．how to take care of
【答案】B
【解析】該題學生誤解主要是依據of而確定答案的，自然而然就聯(lián)想到名詞或動名詞。實際上“you thought to”是way的定語從句，“why”后面省略了關系詞that或in which，后面應該用不定式短議事作目的的狀語，因此答案應選B。
【例22】Many a student have made that mistake.（判斷正誤）
【答案】錯誤。
【解析】many 許多+名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如：
Many students have made that mistake. Many a+名詞（單數(shù)）意義上等many+復數(shù)名詞，但謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
此句改為：Many a student has made that mistake.
【例23】The number of the people who _____cars______increasing.
A． owns; are B．own; is C．would be ;is D．own; are
【答案】B
【解析】 此題考查：（1）定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要與修飾的先行詞一致，第一空和選D是錯誤的。
（2）主謂一致問題，不少學生見到number便認為謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。要注意a number of, a great number of, a large number of 引起的句子作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)皆可。如：
A large number of students are form the U.S..
A large number of books is(are) lent from the library.
但the number of +名詞復數(shù)作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
The number of the students in my school is 4000.
故此題答案為B。
【例24】On each side of the street _______ a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grwn
【答案】B
【解析】多數(shù)不生答A，這是錯誤的。此題強調on each side the street，主語a lot of trees與grow位置全部顛倒。這時尤其要注意的是，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與后邊的主語保持一致。故B正確。
【例25】John, together with two dogs. ________for having broken the rules.
A．was punished B．punish
C．were punished D．being punished
【答案】A
【解析】初看這題時，大多數(shù)學生選擇C。但要注意英語與漢語不同。在together with，with, as well as 等連接并列主語時，謂語的動詞的數(shù)要與前面主語一致，故A正確。
（1）He, as well as his parents, ________.
A．are going abroad B．is going abroad
C．are abroad D．is abroad going
（2）John, with some boys, ________.
A．leaves of Beijing B．leave of Beijing
C．leave Beijing D．is leaving to Beiing
根據上述原則，可知答案：（1）B （2）A
【例26】 He is the only one of the students who ______ criticised（批評）。
A．are B．is C．have D．has
【答案】B
【解析】大多數(shù)學生選擇A，這是不對的。
注：此句定語從句，由于從句修飾的先行詞前有the only，定語從句不是修飾“students”而是修飾“one”故從句謂語動詞要與“one”保持一致。
【例27】Don’t’ lose _______, boys and girls. You’ll be ______ sooner or later if you work still harder.
A．hearts, unsuccessful B．your heart, succeeded
C．heart, successful D．your heart, successfully
【答案】C
【解析】 該題中的lose heart 是固定短語，不隨主語給前邊加形容詞性物主代詞，也不能變復數(shù)；同時，第二空根據意義理解應用形容詞，句意須用successful，故答案應為C。
【例28】判斷正誤：我數(shù)學學得不好，她并不比我好。
（1）I am not good at maths and she is no better than I.
（2）I am not good at maths and see is not better than I.
【答案】（1）正確，（2）錯誤。
【解析】“no+比較級+than…”表示否定二者，意為“更不比……更……”；而“not+比較級+than”則是肯定一者，否定一者，意為“沒有……”。
如：She is not stronger than I.她并不比我結實。
句（2）譯為：我學數(shù)學不好，但我比她學得好。
（1）句意為：兩個都不好。（2）句意為：我比她好。
【例29】判斷正誤：（1）A book is laying on the ground.
（2）A book is lying on the ground.
【答案】（1）錯誤，（2）正確
【解析】lie→lay→lain→lying躺、位于lay→laid→laid→laying放置、產卵
lie→lied→lied→lying說謊v.
句中l(wèi)ying是lie（位于）的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，如：
Japan lies the east of Asia.
【例30】判斷正誤：（1）You ought to have told him about it the day before yesterday>
（2）The child ought not to have been allowed to go alone.
（3）You ought to be reading English articles now.
【答案】三個句子都是對的。
【解析】（1）句子是“ought to have+done”結構，表示“過去應該做的事而實際來做”。
（2）句是“ought not to have+done”結構，表示“本來應該做而做了”。
（3）句“ought to be+doing”（進行時結構）
三個句子意思分別為：（1）你前天就應該把這件事告訴他。
（2）本不應該讓孩子一個人去的。
（3）你現(xiàn)在該讀英語文章了。
【例31】判斷正誤：（1）Such persons as she is to be scolded.
（2）Such persons as she are to be scolded.
【答案】（1）句錯誤，（2）句正確。
【解析】因為as she 是定語從句作persons的定語，因此謂語動詞的數(shù)與persons保持一致，要用復數(shù)。
【例32】判斷正誤：The ground was covered with falling leaves.
【答案】此句錯誤。
【解析】falling leaves“正在落的葉子”（表示正進行）；fallen leaves落葉（表示完成）。應用fallen leaves.
如：developing country發(fā)展中國家，developed country 發(fā)達國家
boiled water 開水，boiling water正在開的水
【例33】這樓在一次大火中毀掉了。判斷正誤：
（1）The building was damaged in a big fire.
（2）The building was destroyed in a big fire.
【答案】（1）句錯誤；（2）句正確。
【解析】damage“損壞”，指局部的損壞，經過修整后可用，而destory則表示“毀壞”，指程度較重，無法修得。damage可作不可數(shù)名詞，而destroy不能用作名詞。
【例34】判斷正誤：
（1）In all there are probably no more than a total of 400 tigers left in China.
（2）Not more than twenty girls passed.
【解析】兩句都是對的，但意義不同，這里要注意區(qū)分no more than和not more than。
在數(shù)量上進行比較時，no more than=only，作“僅僅”、“只有”解，有“少”意，not more than, 作“至多，不超過”解釋，說明一個事實。
從程度上比較時，no more…than…有“兩者都不”之意，not more…有“不及”之意。如：
The book is no more interesting than that book.
=Neither this book nor that book is interesting.
=The book is not interesting. Nor/Neither is that one.（兩者都沒有趣。）
但The books is not more interesting than that one.
=That book is more interesting than this book.（這部書不及那本書有趣。）
【例35】判斷正誤：（1）Do me favor to put on this shirt.
（2）Do me a favor to put on this shirt.
（3）Do a favor for me to put on this shirt.
【答案】（1）句錯誤；（2）、（3）句正確
【解析】favor 是句詞，常見的詞組有：do sb. a favor to do（或do sb. the favor to do） do a favor for sb. to do.
【例36】判斷正誤：It doesn’t seem to fit very well.
【答案】正確
【解析】（1）to fit very well 作真正主語
（2）fit(vi.)不及物動詞
（3）seem to do, to do為不定式，有如下幾種結構：
seem to do
seem to be doing
seem to have+p.p
seem to have been+p.p
seem to have been+doing
seem 除了接不定式外，還有以下幾種用法：
1）seem+adj.（表語）
2）it seems that+從句（主語從句）
3）it seems /looks as if it is doing to snow.
【例37】判斷正誤：
My raincoat got caught in the door and the bottom button came off.
【答案】正確
【解析】“come off”此外意為“從……離開”；另有“下班”之意。
如：He came off the work.
另，come off 還有“舉行，大獲成功，實現(xiàn)”之意。如：
The conference will come off next.
The experiment came off this match.
【例38】判斷正誤：（1）It looks as if it is pure gold.
（2）Did he act as if he heart of it?
（3）He talked as if he had been there several times.
【答案】三個句子都是正確的。
【解析】（1）句是as if引導的表語從句]
表語從句多用虛擬語氣
（2）、（3）句引導方式狀語從句，動詞有幾種形式：
1）as is +從句（be用were）
2）as if+從句（用過去式）
3）as if+從句（had+p.p）
【例39】判斷正誤：No matter what you think, you must apologize her.
【答案】錯誤
【解析】apologize vi. 不及物動詞
apologize to sb.（for sth.）或make an apology to sb. for sth.
如：I apologized to my teacher for my being late.
【例40】We have just heard a warning on the radio which a hurricane is likely to come.（改錯）
【答案】應把which改成that.
【解析】這是一個同位語從句，說明前邊的名詞warning,不是定語從句，定語從句起修飾作用。
引導同位語從句的名詞有fact, news, promise, idea, truth 等，屬于名詞性從句的一種，連接同位語從句的連接詞用that不用which，連接副詞有how, where, when, why等。
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
The news that be is going to our factory is true.
【例41】It will be over 100 years after the country begins once again to look as it did before.（改錯）
【答案】after改為“before”，before意為“直到……才……”。
It will be a year before he can go to Canada.過一年后他才能去加拿大。
She finished writing his composition before he watched TV. 她寫完作文才看電視。
【例42】判斷正誤：
（1）She married a man last year.
（2）The old man married his daughter to a worker.
（3）She got married three years ago.
（4）He has married for three years.
【答案】（1）、（2）、（3）正確，（4）句錯誤。
【解析】該題考查“marry”一詞的用法。
（1）marry作及物動詞，后直接加賓語。
如第一句marry sb.“嫁給某人，娶人為妻”
第二句marry sb. to sb.“將某人嫁給某人，讓某人與某人結婚”
（2）作不及物動詞，“結婚”。He married one year ago.
（3）注意：1）marry不與介詞with連用（但名詞marriage可與with連用），但可說get/be married to sb.
2）marry為短暫性動詞，因此當用于完成時態(tài)時，不可與表示時間段的狀語連用。如第4句可說He got married three years ago.
He has been married for three year. 不說He married for three years.
3）作不及物動詞語時，marry后可加副詞late, early, well等，表示婚期姻狀況。如：Shang Li married late.
4）married可作形容詞，除作表語外，還可作定語。
She has three marred children.
【例43】判斷正誤：The rest of work is to be finished the next day.
【答案】正確。
【解析】該題考查the rest of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與誰保持一致的問題，the rest of +不可數(shù)名詞，work為不可數(shù)名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
這里要注意正確使用意義一致原則。
【說明】意義一致又叫概念一致，當主語表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
some ,any, most, none, all,
more, half, the rest, part 這些詞以及分數(shù)詞作主語時，要根據意義一致原則確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。
如：All are silent , so the meeting hasn’t improved.（all 指人，用復數(shù)）
All has been done well, so the work is finished ahead of time.（all 指工作，用單數(shù)）
此句中的the rest of+單數(shù)→單數(shù)（謂語）
the rest of+復數(shù)→復數(shù)
【例44】判斷正誤：Jack had his money steal in the library.
【答案】該句錯誤。把steal改成stolen。
【解析】該句考查“have”（“叫，讓，派”）的用法
have sth. done表示“某事已做了”。
（1）表示主語有意識地讓別人做某事。
I have my temperature taken in the hospital.
（2）賓語動作發(fā)出者不是主語
When I climbed up the mountain, I had my leg hurt.
（3）這種結構，可以表示句子的主語可能參與完成的某件事。
We had had your food prepared.這種結構的否定式表示“不允許”，如：
We won’t have anything said against the Party.
除了have sth. done,還可說get sth. done. Done過去分詞作賓語補足語。
另have的常見的幾種結構要注意：
1）have sb. do sth. “讓人做某事”
Jane will have him call a taxi fro her.
2）have sb.done “使某人被感受……”
I’d love to have him educated in Japan.
If you don’t observe the rules, I’ll have you fired.
3）have sb. doing sth.“使某人主動地去做，或通過一些手段使之愿做”
She told us the story to have all of us laughing.
4）have sth. doing“讓某事發(fā)生”
He had his car waiting for us.
5）have sth. to do（不定式作定語）
She has an important thing to do. 這種結構中的不定式和它修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系，所以不定式短語中的動詞要使用及物動詞，短語動詞，有時要加有關介詞。
We have nothing to worry about.
6）have sth. to be done“使某事得以完成”
Do you have any clothes to be washed？
【例45】The paths were difficult _______especially at night.
A．walk to be on B．to walk
C．to walk on D．walking
【答案】C
【解析】有的學生根據句意選A、B，這是錯誤的。此句中的不定式to walk on 在句子中作狀語，這種動詞不定式作狀語時和主語有動賓關系。注意結尾介詞的使用。
The picture is beautiful to look at.
Water is fit to drink.
這時句子的不定多要用主動結構表示被動意義，不用被動結構。故C正確。
【例46】For centuries travelers have returned from abroad with seeds and young plants to add to the centre’s collection.
【解析】此句中的with seeds and young plants to add to the …為“with +n. +to do …結構”
除了這種結構還有下面這些結構。要注意歸納。
With+n. +prep.短語
如：She came into the room with a ruler in his hands.
With+n.+p.p
She had to go home on foot with money stolen.
With+n.+adv.
She often goes to do morning exercise with children outside.
【例47】判斷正誤：
（1）As a young man, he was a leader.
（2）My home town is no longer the same as it was.
（3）As is well known, she is honest.
【答案】三個句子都是正確的。
【解析】這三個句子主要考查“as”的用法。As在英語中是較活躍的一個詞，可作連詞，介詞和代詞等。
as 作連詞引導從句，如（1）句as引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時候”，不是介詞，后省略As he was.
As 除了表示時間外，還可引導下列從句：
As he was ill, he could not go there.（原因）
He raised his voice so as to be heard by his students.（目的）
You must do it as I tell you.（方式）
Young as he is, he knows a lot.（讓步）
The work is as easy as I think.（比較）
I have never seen such persons as John and Mary. （定語）
（2）、（3）句中as作代詞，2）句中the same as像……一樣，（3）句中as關系代詞代表后面主句表達的整個內容，句子中作主語。
【例48】Hurry up, we are going to set off.（改錯）
【答案】be going to 改為be about to
【解析】be going to 在時間上指不久的將來，可以加上時間狀語來修飾，有“打算”之意。
be about to 指最近的將來，不可加時間狀語，有“馬上出發(fā)”之意。
【例49】判斷正誤：
（1）We have produced much more color TV sets since 1990.
（2）The business man will earn many money the next year.
【答案】（1）句錯誤 （2）句錯誤
【解析】這兩個句子主要是考查many more, much more 的區(qū)別，兩者都作定語，但many more用修飾可數(shù)名詞，much more修飾不可數(shù)名詞，所以第2句中的many more改成much more，第1句中的much 改成many more.
另：much more短語作形容詞詞組用時，它在句子中可作表語，不論其句子主語是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，但many more不能這么用。如：Water there is much more.
much more 可用來修飾多音節(jié)的形容詞，如：This bike is more beautiful than that one.
二者都可作代詞用，在句子中可作主語，賓語，但many more代表可數(shù)句詞much more代表不可數(shù)名詞。如：Some people for the suggestion, but many more as against it.