Unit 4 Green worlds(new words)
1. merely adv. 只是,僅僅,不過That was merely a guess of mine
____________________________.
mere adj. __________
從我家到學(xué)校僅僅百米之遙.
It is a mere 100 metres from my house to the school.
2.classifyvt. ___________;____________
classify sb/sth.(as)sth.歸入。。。。類；分等級(jí)。
classify sb/sth. Into/in….把。。。歸為。。。類。
classify sth.according to/by sth. 依據(jù)，按照。。。分類。
Eggs are classified according to size
____________________________.
People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
____________________________.
1). We ___(把他歸為) as an honest person.
2). All the books in our library ___ (嚴(yán)格分類的)
3). She was ___ one of the greatest scientist of our time.
A. classified B. classified as
C. classifying D. classifying to be
注意：-ify是一個(gè)后綴，往往用在名詞后形容詞后面，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞。意為“（使）成為；（使）變?yōu)椤�。如：solidify使。。。凝固；speechify演說，演說似的長篇大論。diversify使。。。多樣化terrify使恐怖，使驚慌。
3identificationn.（了解）
(1). 認(rèn)出;識(shí)別;鑒定;確認(rèn)[U]
憑指紋確認(rèn)罪犯
the identification of criminals by their fingerprints
(2). 身份證明;身份證[U][C]
I used my driver's license as identification.
我用駕駛執(zhí)照作為身份證明。
Would you like to show me your identification?
我可以看一下你的身份證嗎？
4. promote vt.__________;___________;____________.
（1）提升；提職
She worked hard and was soon promoted.
______________________________________________________。
（2）促進(jìn)；增進(jìn)；促使
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
______________________________________________________。
（3）推銷；為。。。。作廣告
He was in town to promote his new book.
______________________________________________________
Promote sb.(from sth)to sth.。提升
Promote +n./pron.提升；助長
Promotion n提升；促進(jìn)；推銷
Promoter商業(yè)公司的發(fā)起人；運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的倡導(dǎo)人，贊助商
Promoter of 擁護(hù)的人；支持的人
Promotional 推銷的；和推銷有關(guān)的
promote sb.(from sth) to sth.提升某人為
她努力工作,不久被提升為校長了.
She worked hard and was soon promoted to headmaster.
5.Privilege = Special rights_______________
如今,特權(quán)少了,大家平等的機(jī)會(huì)多了起來.
Nowadays there is less privilege and more of an equal chance in life for everyone.
真榮幸能聽到她唱歌.(a privilege)
It’s a privilege (榮幸) to hear her sing.
6.appetite n.[U][C]
(1)食欲,胃口[(+for)]
Exercise gave her a good (poor)appetite.
運(yùn)動(dòng)使她胃口大增。(2). 欲望;愛好[(+for)]
have an appetite for ____________________
此時(shí)此刻她無心閑聊。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.7.Appoint vt.__________;___________;____________.
（1）任命；委托
They appointed him to be/as chairman.
______________________________________________________
（2）約定
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
______________________________________________________
（3）確定；指定
We have appointed 8 o’clock as the time to begin.
______________________________________________________
Appoint sb.to sth.。委派/任命某人擔(dān)任某職位
Appoint sb.as sth.。任命某人干某份工作
Appoint a time and place for ……為。。。確定時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)
Make an appointment 約定；約會(huì)
與Appoint 用法相似的短語還有：
Recommend sb./sth. For…委派/任命某人擔(dān)任某職位
Recommend sb. As任命某人干某份工作
Put forward sb. As/for…
1.We should appoint Mike to (to be) a monitor of our class. (改錯(cuò))
2. He ______________ __________ __________ (已約定在門口接他)。
3.The time ____________________________________ the meeting was 2 p.m.
A. appointed to B. appointing for
C. appointed for D. appointing to
8.calculate vt. ____________________
1). 計(jì)算[+(that)][+wh-]
他仔細(xì)計(jì)算開支。
He calculated the costs very carefully.
2). 估計(jì);預(yù)測(cè);推測(cè)[+(that)][+wh-]
我估計(jì)你會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒.
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
I calculate you'll get there in time.
3). 計(jì)劃,打算;使適合(某種目的) [+to-v]
他的話是故意要傷她的。
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
4). 【美】【口】以為,認(rèn)為[+(that)]
我看他們快要到了。
I calculate they will soon arrive.
vi.計(jì)算
你計(jì)算好了嗎?
Have you finished calculating yet?
9.expense ____________________________
at one’s expense 由某人負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用
at the expense of犧牲,以……作代價(jià)
他成為一個(gè)卓越的學(xué)者，但卻犧牲了健康。
He became an outstanding scholar, but only at the expense of his health.
他自己出錢印了書。(have sth. done)
He had his book printed at his own expense.
10.look out for___________________________
look out / watch out ：語氣最強(qiáng)，常用于某種緊急的情況或可能出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)的場合。
take care ：語氣不如look out強(qiáng)，常用于出現(xiàn)不測(cè)的情況下做出提醒或警告。
be careful ：常用語，使用場合較廣。
1）Look out! There is a car coming.
2) Take care! The pan is hot. Don’t touch it.
3) Be careful! Don’t break it. It’s made of glass.
look out for 當(dāng)心，小心；找尋
1） Look out for the pickpockets.
_____________________________________________
2) He look out for truths all his life.
他一生都在尋求真理。
10. On a large/tremendous scale_____；_____
Beijing is beautiful on a large scale to greet the coming Olympics.
_____________________________________________
有些國家正在大規(guī)模地準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)爭.
Some countries are preparing for war on a large scale.
11. involve 包括；牽涉；使參與
有很多人參加了罷工。
The strike involved many people.
involve sb. / sth. in (doing ) sth. 使某人/物參與……
你解決你的問題，不要把我拉進(jìn)去。
Don’t involve me in solving your problems.be involved in = be busy doing / be engaged in 從事， 忙于……
他正忙著準(zhǔn)備入學(xué)考試。
He is involved in preparing for the entrance exam.
12.Accumulate
Accumulate.vi&vt __________;___________;____________.
(1) 積累，聚積，通過積累獲得
He quickly accumulated a large fortune.
（2）堆積；越積越多
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.
（3）確定；指定
Accumulate…by…靠。。。積聚。。。
Accumulate…for…為。。。積累。。。
Accumulate…to 積聚。。。到
注意：英語中，與Accumulate 意思相近，既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞的詞還有： increase, improve, gather等。
13.Abandon vt.(1)丟棄;拋棄,遺棄
水手們離棄了燃燒中的船。
The sailors abandoned the burning ship.
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那輛損壞的自行車被扔在河邊。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
(2.) 放棄,中止
他終于放棄了自己的改良主義思想。
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.
(3.) (與oneself連用)使放縱;使聽任[(+to)]
She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入絕望之中。
14.Reward. ____；____；____。
（1）vt.報(bào)答；酬勞
Is this how you reward me for my help?
你就這樣報(bào)答我對(duì)你的幫助嗎？
She rewarded him with a smile.
她向他報(bào)以微笑。
（2）n. 獎(jiǎng)金；報(bào)答；報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
A 1000 reward was offered for the return of the stolen painting.
送還被盜竊的畫的獎(jiǎng)金為1000英鎊。
The reward has never been claimed.
這筆獎(jiǎng)金還無人認(rèn)領(lǐng)。
高效記憶：
Ask no reward 不圖報(bào)酬
Give a reward to sb for sth 為某事給某人報(bào)酬
Offer a reward of 給酬金。。。
As a reward for…作為對(duì)。。。。的酬謝
Reward sb for sth/doing sth 因。。。報(bào)答某人
Reward according to sb’s deserts 論功行賞
Reward sb with /by 用。。。酬謝某人。
15.Distinguish vi,vt ____；____；
高效記憶
Distinguish between A and B分辨A 和B
Distinguish A from B B區(qū)分A與B
(Be)distinguished by 以。。。為特征
distinguish…into 把。。。分類
people who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind
不能辨別顏色的人被稱作色盲。
he distinguished himself by his bravery.
他以勇敢著稱。
注意：
與Distinguish的意思，用法相似的短語還有：
Tell the difference between A and B 說出A 與B 之間的不同
Tell A from B 把A 與B 區(qū)分開來
Tell A and B apart 把A 與B 分開
Differ A from B.使A 不同于B